考研真题 英语真题及参考答案.docx
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考研真题 英语真题及参考答案.docx
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考研真题英语真题及参考答案
考研真题英语真题及参考答案
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(一)试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:
Readthefollowingte_t.
Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.
(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilye_erciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_
heartrateando_ygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___
benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,ase_ercisedoes,laughterapparentlyacplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___
muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.
Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___
feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.
__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___
physicalreactions.
Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybeesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso____14___
tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___
muscularresponses.
Inane_perimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___
apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17___
e_pression.
Thoseforcedtoe_ercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___
thate_pressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__
thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.[A]among[B]e_cept[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]e_pected8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]rela_es9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]E_ceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14.[A]e_hausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17.[A]disappointed[B]e_cited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourte_ts.
Answerthequestionsbeloweachte_tbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
(40points)Te_t1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsne_tmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2021.
Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.
“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertisparativelylittleknown.
EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthene_tmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.
Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingpositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.
AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.
Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.
Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.
Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.
Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
Ale_Ross,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelye_pandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.
IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.
WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.
TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.
Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignorethee_pensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]e_aggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.
Accordingtothete_t,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.
RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Te_t2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hise_planationwassurprisinglystraightup.
Ratherthancloakinghise_itintheusualvaguee_cuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningapany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.
Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhewantedtorun.
Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.
AndMcGeeisn’talone.
InrecentweekstheNo.2e_ecutivesatAvonandAmericanE_pressquitwiththee_planationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.
Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,e_ecutiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.
Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithouta.
Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.
Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.
Foryearse_ecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.
SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.
EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.
ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInter-basedmoditiese_change.
RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin20__5withambitionstobeaCEO.
Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.
Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.
“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.
“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”26.
WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.
AccordingtoParagraph2,seniore_ecutives’quittingmaybespurredby[A]theire_pectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.
Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.
[C]huntedfor.
[D]guardedagainst.
29.
Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
[C]topperfor
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