1、考研真题 英语真题及参考答案考研真题 英语真题及参考答案2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following te_t.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily e_ercise precious to
2、 health.” But _1_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_heart rate and o_ygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikel
3、y to have _5_benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as e_ercise does, laughter apparently acplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8_muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies do
4、wn.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state._11_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_physical reactio
5、ns.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they bee sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_muscular responses.In an e_periment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack o
6、f the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_e_pression.Those forced to e_ercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted i
7、n a frown, _19_that e_pressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1Aamong Be_cept Cdespite Dlike 2Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining 4Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserv
8、e 5Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief 7Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage De_pected 8Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drela_es 9Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal 11AE_cept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for
9、 12Awith Bon Cin Dat 13Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause 14Ae_hausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17Adisappointed Be_cited Cjoyful Dindifferent 18Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20AEventually BCo
10、nsequently CSimilarly DConversely Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions: Read the following four te_ts.Answer the questions below each te_t by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Te_t 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its
11、ne_t music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2021.For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.“Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons wh
12、y the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is paratively little known.Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the ne_t music director of
13、an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of
14、 interesting positions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my puter and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings ar
15、e no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must pete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater panies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musician
16、s of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a
17、 crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Ale_ Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a
18、man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely e_panding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship
19、 between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment has Aincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.
20、The author believes that the devoted concertgoers Aignore the e_penses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Ce_aggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the te_t, which of the following is true of recordings? AT
21、hey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.
22、Te_t 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his e_planation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his e_it in the usual vague e_cuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a pany.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much
23、my decision,” McGee says.Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of pany he wanted to run.It also sen
24、t a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeks the No.2 e_ecutives at Avon and American E_press quit with the e_planation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, e_ecutives who
25、 dont get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a .In the third quarter,
26、 CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years e_ecutives a
27、nd headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” Those who jumped without a job ha
28、vent always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Inter-based modities e_change.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 20_5 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post a
29、t a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally invert
30、ed,” says one headhunter.“The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.” 26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2, senior e_ecutives quitting may be spurred by Athei
31、r e_pectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means Aapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop perfor
