高考英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读理解
Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,raisingrenewedhopeofavaccineforhumans,sayscientists.TheUSteamsaytheresults,publishedinNature,are"striking"andshouldencourageresearchefforts.
Testsinhumanscouldbegininmonths.Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway,expertsadvise.ZikahasbeenspreadingacrossCentralandSouthAmericaand,mostrecently,Africa.Morethan60countriesandterritoriesnowhavecontinuingtransmission(传播)ofthedisease,whichiscarriedbymosquitoes.Theviruscausesseriousbirthdamagesduringpregnancyandhasbeendeclaredaglobalpublichealthemergency.
Now,developingavaccineforpregnantwomentoprotecttheirunbornbabiesisaninternationalresearchpriority(优先事项).USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice–onebasedonbitsofgenetic(基因的)codefromthevirusandanotherthatisaninactive(andthereforeharmless)copyofZika.Bothworkedwell,protectingeverymousethatwasimmunisedagainstthevirus.Incomparison,allofthemicenotgiventhevaccinecaughtZikaaftertheywereexposedtoit.
Researcherssaytheywillpushaheadwithdevelopingtheneededvirusvaccine.Therearemanyexistingvaccinesforotherdiseasethatusethistypeoftechnology,whiletherearerelativelyfewDNAbasedvaccines.Ofcourse,futuretestswillneedtocheckthevaccineissafeandeffectiveinhumans,aswellashowlongtheimmunitymightlast.
(1)Ifthetestsinhumansgosmoothly, .
A. avaccineforuseinthelaboratorywillbestillbeyearsaway.
B. pregnantwomeninAfricawillbethefirsttobenefitfromthevaccine.
C. alicensedvaccinewillstillnotbeaccessibleinashortterm.
D. TheZikaviruswillcauselessseriousbirthdefectsduringpregnancyinmonths.
(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A. manycountriesareactivelyinvolvedintheresearchoftheZikavaccine.
B. USscientistshavetestedmorethantwotypesofZikavaccineinmice.
C. NoneofthemicegiventhevaccinecaughtZika.
D. Itisstillunknownwhetherthevaccineissafeandeffective.
(3)Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Zikavaccine'worksverywell'inmice
B. Zikavaccinestillhasalongwaytogo
C. InternationalresearchesintoZikahavepaidoff
D. MoreattentionhasbeenpaidtoZikavaccine
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway"可知,但是,即使这些进展顺利,一种广泛用于保护高危人群的授权疫苗仍需数年时间,也就是说如果人体试验进展顺利的话,短期内仍无法获得授权疫苗,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice"可知,美国科学家在白鼠身上只测试了两种而不是两种以上的寨卡病毒,故选B。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的"Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,"可知,一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭,由此可知,本文主要介绍的是寨卡病毒疫苗对小白鼠非常有效,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
InareasliketheCentralUnitedStatesthatgetlotsoftornadoes,there'sacommonpieceofcelestial(天上的)fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.Researchhasshownthatitisn'tquiteassimpleasthat,butscientistshavefoundthatifyouseeagreensky,youshouldprobablygoinside.Asfarasmostscientistscantell,thegreenskiesaroundpowerfulthunderstormsareusuallyacombinationofredsunsetsandwaterdroplets.
Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff(反射)airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.Sothebluelightgetsbouncedallovertheskyandlookslikeit'scomingfromeverywhere.Meanwhile,aroundsunsetsunlighttravelsthroughsomuchatmospherethatjustaboutalltheblueisbouncedawayfromthehorizon,leavingallthoseredsandorangesbehind.Thesunsetmightlookexclusively(独有的)redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.
Bigtallthreateningstormcloudsaremadeofwaterdroplets,andeventhoughwaterisbestatreflectingbluelight,itcanstillreflectgreenprettywell,muchbetterthanredsandoranges,sounderjusttherightconditions,thewaterinandaroundacloudcanbouncethegreenlighthiddeninthesunsetrightintooureyesmakingtheskylookgreen.
Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.Soifyouseehugestormcloudsrollinginandagreentint(色调)inthesky,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthere'sabouttobeatornado,butitdoesmeanyoushouldprobablyheadindoors.
(1)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. WhyDotheCentralUnitedStatesGetTornadoes
B. DoGreenSkiesMeanaComingTornado
C. ACommonPieceofCelestialFortune-telling
D. GreenSkiesAreUniquetoClouds
(2)Whyaretheskiesblueinthedaytime?
A. Becauseonlybluelightcanbebouncedinthedaytime.
B. Becausethereismorebluelightthanlightofothercolors.
C. Becausebluelightisbouncedalloverthesky.
D. Becauseredlightisweakerthanbluelight.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?
A. Thesunset. B. Redlight. C. Bluelight. D. Water.
(4)Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthetext?
A. Stormcloudsaremadeofwaterdropletsandgreenlight.
B. Watercanreflectredlightaswellasbluelight.
C. Thereareonlyredandorangelightsinthesunsets.
D. Ifyouseeagreensky,therewillbeatornado.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,科学家发现天空呈现绿色并不是产生龙卷风的云层所独有的,有时它们会导致大量降雨,甚至冰雹,待在室内或许是最好的选择。
(1)考查主旨大意。
通读全文,根据第一段中的“there'sacommonpieceofcelestial(天上的)fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.”和最后一段中的“Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.”可知,本文主要话题是关注绿色的天空是否意味着即将来临的龙卷风展开的,故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff(反射)airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.”可知,白天天空是蓝色,因为蓝色短的波长的可见光会反射空气分子比红色的长波长光。
故选C。
(3)考查代词指代。
根据第二段中的“Thesunsetmightlookexclusively(独有的)redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.”可知,选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.”可知,水既能反射蓝光,也能反射红光,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,代词指代,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.
Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.
Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.
LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.
Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.
JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.
LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.
(1)WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?
A. Providebackgroundinformation.
B. Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.
C. Explainthereasonfortrash. D. Introduceanewtopic.
(2)Wheredoestheidea"Loop"comefrom?
A. TheWorldEconomicForum.
B. Demandofsomecompanies.
C. Zero-wastemodel.
D. Themilkmanmodel.
(3)WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2020?
A. UnitedStatesandSwitzerland. B. SwitzerlandandBritain.
C. CanadaandBritain.
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