英语高考必刷题英语阅读理解科普环保题及解析.docx
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英语高考必刷题英语阅读理解科普环保题及解析.docx
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英语高考必刷题英语阅读理解科普环保题及解析
(英语)高考必刷题英语阅读理解(科普环保)题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight,butthiswaterbornedrone(无人机)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.
DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.
AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.
By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.
"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."
"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."
Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.
(1)WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?
A. Itcanfrightensharksaway.
B. Itisanoceanexplorer.
C. Itisarubbishcollector.
D. Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.
(2)WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?
A. Thecausesofoceanpollution.
B. Thedangersofusingplastics.
C. Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.
D. Theimportanceofoceanprotection.
(3)WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?
A. Avoidcrashingintoit.
B. Breakitintopieces.
C. Swallowit.
D. Flyoverit.
(4)WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?
A. TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.
B. Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.
C. TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.
D. Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知,这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的,故选C。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知,预计到2016年,海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾,估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上,故可知,本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性,故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知,配备防碰撞系统,无人机使用激光来探测物体,用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体,如果探测到物体,无人机就会停下来或者后退,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知,这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策,需要多措并举,才能达到目的,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?
Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?
Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact,black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.
In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!
Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:
blackboard.
Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew"greenboards"madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword"chalkboard"asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but"blackboard"stillstuckaround.
(1)Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?
A. Blackboard.
B. Chalkboard.
C. Greenboard.
D. Miniboard.
(2)Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?
A. Tomakeacomparison.
B. Tomakeenoughspace.
C. Todrawstudents'attention.
D. Toarousestudents'interest.
(3)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe"greenboard"?
A. They'relighterinweight.
B. They'remoreconvenienttotransport.
C. They'reeasiertoerasethepowder.
D. They'remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones.
(4)What'sthemainideaofthetext?
A. Introductionoftheblackboard.
B. Originoftheblackboard.
C. Coloroftheblackboard.
D. Functionoftheblackboard.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的,随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。
回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的?
"这个问题。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的,"...late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood..."可知,18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“ In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.
”在1800年,一名英格兰校长JamesPillans想让他的学生们画地图,但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图,因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。
可知,校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"Thenewmaterialwaslighterand...morelikelytosurvivetheJourney."可知A项和B项正确;以及"Afterall,...madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase."可知C项正确;D项文章未提及。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心:
我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的,为什么叫黑板?
通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Whenhospitalstaffareinfullscrubs(手术衣),theirfacesarealmostcompletelycoveredbytheircapsandfacemasks,andwecanonlyseetheireyesandeyebrows.Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignnamed"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge"-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.Atfirst,hiscolleaguesdidn'ttakeitseriously.However,withtimegoingon,ithasbeenadoptedaroundtheworldwithstudiesfromtheUSandUKreportinghowthissimpleideacandecreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.
"Iwenttoatheatrewheretherewereabout20doctorsandnursesintheroom,"Dr.RobHackettsaid."IstruggledtoevenasktobepassedsomeglovesbecausethepersonIwaspointingtothoughtIwaspointingtothepersonbehindthem,becauseIdon'tknowtheirnames."saidRob.Asweallknow,doctorsareastressfulprofession.Whenfacedwithlifeanddeath,theyneedtosavethepatient'slifeforasecond.Atthemoment,effectivecommunicationsareimportant.
"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."saidRob."Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.Forthistohappen,weneedtoleteveryoneknowwe'rehuman."headdedOntheotherhand,fromthepatients'viewpoint,capswithnamesonthemcanmakepatientsmoreunworried.Wheneveryoneappearsthesame,itisextremelydifficulttodistinguishwhoiswho.Knowingthemrelaxed.
(1)Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?
A. Hospitalstaffareaskedtocovertheirfacesinhospitals.
B. Robisinfavorofwritingnamesandrolesoncaps.
C. Robwantedtobeaprofessionaldoctor.
D. Rob'sideacanincreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.
(2)Whatcanweknowaboutthe"TheatreCapChallenge"fromthetext?
A. Itcanmakethecapsmorefashionable.
B. Itisstronglyopposedtobyallthedoctorsandnurses.
C. Itaimstoavoidmistakesandpoorcommunication.
D. Itcanhelppeoplepasssomeglovesinatheatre.
(3)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"werehuman"underlinedinparagraph3?
A. We'regenerous. B. We'rene
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