英语阅读理解科普环保练习题.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习题.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习题
英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读理解
Accordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.
Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteinsthatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesspreventsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.
TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthoseareindevelopingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.
Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis"realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.
Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.
Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.
(1)Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?
A. StresstheurgencyofHIVtreatments.
B. ProvidesomedataaboutHIV.
C. RemindreadersofHIVprevention.
D. IntroduceHIVtothepublic.
(2)Inwhichwaywillthericebeusedatthelowestcost?
A. Bytransformingitintoproteins.
B. Byaddingittoanoraldrug.
C. ByattachingittotheHIVvirus.
D. Byprocessingitintoacream.
(3)Whatcanweinferaboutthegeneticengineeringprocess?
A. ItcanpreventinfectionsofHIV.
B. Itcanproducedangerouschemicals.
C. Itstillrequiresperfecting.
D. Itappliestothedevelopedworld.
(4)Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A. Abiologytextbook.
B. Ahealthmagazine.
C. Asocialwebpage.
D. Afirstaidbrochure.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。
研究人员表示,这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法,但还有待于进一步的完善。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017....NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease”可知,“2017年全世界有近3700万人感染艾滋病毒。
尽管口服药物治疗已经有了进展减缓了疾病的发展,但现在还没有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。
由此可推断出对于艾滋病的治疗迫在眉睫,非常紧迫。
分析选项可知A项符合题意,故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.”可知,最简单、最划算的使用方法是将大米制成面霜涂在皮肤上。
“themostcost-effective”与“thelowestcost”是同义词,“makeitintoacream”与“processitintoacream”是同义的。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.”可知,科学研究小组认为要进一步的测试,以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人类有害的额外化学物质。
由此可推断这种基因工程的过程还需要进一步的完善。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,本文介绍了最近的一项研究,一种新的转基因水稻可以预防艾滋病病毒的感染。
因此与人类的健康有关,所以本文可能是出现在健康杂志上,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover(盘旋)andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:
me.
Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.
TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.
Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.
(1)Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?
A. Theflower B. Thebee C. Water D. Honey
(2)Whatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Bees'specialtalent
B. Bees'hardwork.
C. Bees'livingenvironment.
D. Bees'socialbehavior.
(3)Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A. Toappealforhelpforhoneybees.
B. Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.
C. Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.
D. Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,用拟人的手法,以蜂蜜的口吻,介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命,但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜,人类应该保护蜜蜂。
(1)考查代词指代。
根据第一段中的“Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知,当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时,其实蜜蜂完全专注于其他的东西——蜜,由此可知me指的就是蜜,故选D。
(2)考查主旨大意。
通读第二段内容可知,本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命,但用其一生辛勤采蜜,为人类酿造蜂蜜,由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作,故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知,这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
Beingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Comparativelyspeaking,groundlivinganimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,whileflyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeed,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.
Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,andtheirwingsaremadeupofboththeirfrontandhindlimbs(肢体).Thismakescoordinating(协调)theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However,theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:
abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.
Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!
Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlylivesonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.
(1)Whichofthefollowingisthetopicofthepassage?
A. Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.
B. Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.
C. Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.
D. Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.
(2)Whichofthefollowingisafalseassumptionaboutbatsthatwasrecentlycorrected?
A. Theycannothearanysound.
B. Theysleepupsidedown.
C. Theyflysimilarlytobirds.
D. Theyhideintreebranches.
(3)Theword"it"(in2ndparagraph)probablyrefersto"______".
A. thedistancetothenets
B. thesenseofflyingheight
C. theflyingdirection
D. theabilitytochangethespeed
(4)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A. Batsmighthurtthemselveswhenlanding. B. Batscanhangupsidedownlikebirds.
C. Batscanadjustspeedbeforelanding.
D. Batsandbirdslandindifferentways.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文
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