届高考英语二轮专题复习专练阅读理解主旨大意题专练3.docx
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届高考英语二轮专题复习专练阅读理解主旨大意题专练3.docx
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届高考英语二轮专题复习专练阅读理解主旨大意题专练3
阅读理解主旨大意题专练(三) 段落大意类
A
(2017·烟台诊断)
Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.
“Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents'health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies,”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.
Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents'ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20yearperiodwasonethirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren,comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.
Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn'tarelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenonhelperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.
“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive,”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.
Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtake_into_accounttheirparents'needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare,”hesuggested.
“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,what‘properamountsofhelp’means,”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(强度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”
体裁:
议论文 题材:
社会文化 主题:
祖父母适当照顾孙辈对身体有益
【语篇导读】 德国柏林一项研究发现,祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。
1.Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?
A.Humanevolutionaryhistory.
B.Demandofmodernsociety.
C.Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.
D.Dataonmanyelderlypeople.
解析:
D 推理判断题。
根据文章第三段第一句Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.可知,这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。
故选D项。
2.InArpino'sopinion,childcare________.
A.issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnesses
B.allowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullife
C.createsmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeople
D.makessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople
解析:
B 推理判断题。
根据题干中的Arpino'sopinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety...”可知,看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的,因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的,也就是说,看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。
故选B项。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph6probablymean?
A.Limit. B.Ignore.
C.Favor.D.Consider.
解析:
D 词义猜测题。
根据上文中toomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivities及后面的“...theirparents'needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare,”可知,过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动,所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求,同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。
由此可猜测,takeintoaccount意为“考虑”,与consider意义相近。
故选D项。
4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?
A.Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.
B.Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.
C.Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.
D.Caregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerlife.
解析:
C 细节理解题。
根据最后一段中“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensityofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”可知,只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力,这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。
由此可知,适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。
故选C项。
长难句分析:
Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents'ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20yearperiodwasonethirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren,comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.
句式分析:
本句为主从复合句。
其中,Overall在此为副词,在句中作状语;after为介词,其后接动名词短语作宾语;两个who均引导定语从句;comparedwithgrandparentswho...为过去分词短语作状语。
句意:
总的来说,在考虑祖父母的年龄和大致的健康状况后,与那些没照顾孙辈的祖父母相比,那些照顾孙辈的祖父母在20年间的死亡风险要低三分之一。
B
(2017·湖北省武汉市高中毕业生调研测试)
Cryingisthesignoftherawestofhumanemotions.Wecrywhenwecan'tholdinsidewhatwefeelanymore.Wecrywhenwe'reatourbest,andwhenwe'reatourworst.Bywe,Imeanallofus.Menincluded.
Butweneverseeothermencry.Innowesternculturehasiteverbeenacceptableformentoshed(流泪)morethanasingletear,andeventhenit'sreservedforgrandvictories,defeatsanddeaths.Dutchresearchsuggeststhatwomencrybetweenthreeandfivetimesmorethanmen.Generallymenandwomencryoverthesamethings—deaths,breakupsandhomesickness,primarily,butresearchersbelievethatmencrymoreoftenthanwomenwhenitcomestopositiveevents.
IwanttoadmitI'mabitofacryer.However,havingneverreallyexperienceddeathsinmylife,afewweeksagoIexperiencedwhatitmeanstoreally,truly,pourmyheartoutintears.
See,mydog—and24/7companion—waskilledbyacarrightoutsidemyhouse.Beingawitnesstothispainfuleventleftmeinshockforagoodhour,butthenthefloodgatesopened.Overthenext48hours,Imighthavecried20times.OnceortwiceIcrouched(蹲)onthefloorwithmyheadinmyhandsandtearsweretheonlyoutlet.
ItissuggestedinthebookAdultCrying:
ABiopsychosocialApproachthatthere'scertainpleasureincrying.Ithelpseasestresswhenthereisnootherwaytoexpressourselves.
Inthosedaysaftermydog'sdeath,Irememberthinking,“I'vegottostopthiscrying”.Itfeltunmanly.Itfeltlikeasignofweakness.I'vesincerealisedthattearsareforeverybody;they'renotgenderspecific.Theyshowwehavesympathy,allowustogetridofstressandjustfeel.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
作者的狗遭遇车祸,作者痛哭不已,伤心欲绝。
后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方法。
【难句分析】 However,havingneverreallyexperienceddeathsinmylife,afewweeksagoIexperiencedwhatitmeanstoreally,truly,pourmyheartoutintears.
分析:
该句为主从复合句。
该句中whatitmeanstoreally,truly,pourmyheartoutintears为what引导的宾语从句;havingneverreallyexperienceddeathsinmylife为现在分词短语作原因状语。
译文:
然而,我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡,数周前的一次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。
5.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?
A.Cryingisarawhumanemotion.
B.Cryingisanemotionbeyondcontrol.
C.Cryingisanemotionshowingsadness.
D.Cryingisanemotionshowinghappiness.
解析:
A 考查段落大意。
通读该段可知,该段第一句“Cryingisthesignoftherawestofhumanemotions”为该段的主题句。
结合该段其他内容可知,该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”,故A项正确。
6.What'sthedifferencebetweenmenandwomenincryingaccordingtoDutchresearch?
A.Theycryoverdifferentmatters.
B.Theycryatdifferenttimesoflife.
C.Womencrymoreoftenoverdeaths.
D.Menaremorelikelytohavetearsofjoy.
解析:
D 考查细节理解。
由题干关键词“Dutchresearch”定位至第二段,根据第二段的“butresearchersbelievethatmencrymoreoftenthanwomenwhenitcomestopositiveevents”可知,男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高,故D项正确。
7.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhiscryingoverhisdog'sdeath?
A.Asignofstrength.
B.Asignofweakness.
C.Behaviorofbeingwomanish.
D.Awayofreducingemotionalstress.
解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第六段,尤其是最后一句“Theyshowwehavesympathy,allowustogetridofstressandjustfeel”可知,作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式,故D项正确。
8.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Men,nevercrylikewomen
B.Men,it'sOKtocrysometimes
C.Cryingsolvespsychologicalproblems
D.Cryingexplainsdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen
解析:
B 考查标题判断。
通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Cryingisthesignoftherawestofhumanemotions”和本文最后一句“Theyshowwehavesympathy,allowustogetridofstressandjustfeel”可知,本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露,是减轻情感压力的方式”,据此可以判断,B项最适合作文章标题。
C
(2017·广西重点高中二模)
Peoplelovecellphones,whichiswhynineintenAmericansownone.Butdoesheavyuseofcellphonesposeariskofcancer?
Thisquestionhascausedcontroversyformanyyears.Anewstudyinratsnowaugmentsthoseconcerns.Itsdatalinkedlongterm,intenseexposuretoradiationfromcellphoneswithallincreasedriskofcancerintheheartorbrain.Theresultshaveyettobeconfirmed,theauthorsnote.
Indeed,althoughtheratstudyfoundalinkbetweencellphoneradiationandcancer,itoffersnocluestowhysuchalinkmightexist,notesJonathanSamet.HeteachespreventativemedicineanddirectstheInstituteforGlobalHealthattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles.Still,hecallsthenewstudy'sfindings“significant”.Theycouldleadtostudiesresearchinghowcellphoneradiationmightcausecancer,hesays.
Phonesignalsarerelayedbetweencelltowersandcellphonesviaradiowaves.Thisradiofrequency—orRF—radiationisatypeknownasnonionizing(非电离的).UnlikeXrays,nonionizingradiationdoesnotdepositenoughenergyintocellstoreleaseelectronsfromatomsormolecules,producingions.Soittendstobefarlessharmfulthanionizingradiation,suchasXrays.Butthatdoesnotmeanradiowavesmightnotcauseharm.
Inverylargedoses(量)thisradiationwillheatthebodyandcausetissuedamage.Butit'snotyetknownwhatmuchlowerRFlevelsmightdo,suchasthosefromcellphoneuse.Fiveyearsago,theWorldHealthOrganization'sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer,orIARC,concludedthatcellphoneuse“ispossiblycarcinogenic(致癌的)”.
Itsconclusionwasbasedonwhatlittleresearchdatawasavailableatthattime.ButnoticethatIARCwasnotcertain.Itsaidonlythatphoneusemight“possibly”causecancer.SoscientistsattheNationalToxicologyProgram,orNTP,investigatedfurther.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
人们喜欢用手机,90%的美国人都有手机。
那么,过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢?
一项新的研究给出了一些线索。
【难句分析】 Indeed,althoughtheratstudyfoundalinkbetweencellphoneradiationandcancer,itoffersnocluestowhysuchalinkmightexist,notesJonathanSamet.
分析:
本句为复合句。
although引
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