新视野大学英语读写教程2课文原文及课后答案集合.docx
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新视野大学英语读写教程2课文原文及课后答案集合.docx
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新视野大学英语读写教程2课文原文及课后答案集合
新视野大学英语
读写教程2
课文原文
Unit1
PassageATime-ConsciousAmericans
Americansbelievenoonestandsstill.Ifyouarenotmovingahead,youarefallingbehind.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.
"Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock,"ithasbeensaid.Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmostreal.
Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.Itisapreciousresource.
Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.
Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.
Wewanteveryminutetocount.
Aforeigner'sfirstimpressionoftheUSislikelytobethat
everyoneisinarush—oftenunderpressure.Citypeoplealwaysappeartobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing,
restlesslyseekingattentioninastore,orelbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirshopping.
Racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry.Workingtimeisconsideredprecious.Othersinpubliceating-placesarewaitingforyoutofinishsothey,too,canbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed.Youalsofinddriverswillbeabruptandpeoplewillpushpastyou.Youwillmisssmiles,briefconversations,andsmallexchangeswithstrangers.
Don'ttakeitpersonally.Thisisbecausepeoplevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse"wasting"itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.
ManynewarrivalsintheStateswillmisstheopeningexchangesofabusinesscall,forexample.
Theywillmisstheritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmaybeaconventionintheirowncountry.Theymaymissleisurelybusinesschatsinarestaurantorcoffeehouse.
Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk;
muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,oraroundonthegolfcoursewhiletheydevelopasenseoftrust.
Sincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.
Timeis,therefore,alwaystickinginourinnerear.
Consequently,weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.Weproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices;wecommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts,whichthoughpleasant,takelonger—
especiallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.
We,therefore,savemostpersonalvisitingforafter-workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings.
Toustheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthematterathand.
Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconductedwithouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.InAmerica,too,afinalagreementwillnormallybesignedinperson.
However,peoplearemeetingincreasinglyontelevisionscreens,conducting"teleconferences"tosettleproblemsnotonlyinthiscountrybutalso—bysatellite—internationally.
TheUSisdefinitelyatelephonecountry.Almosteveryoneusesthetelephonetoconductbusiness,tochatwithfriends,tomakeorbreaksocialappointments,tosay"Thankyou",toshopandtoobtainallkindsofinformation.Telephonessavethefeetandendlessamountsoftime.
Thisisduepartlytothefactthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,whereasthepostalserviceislessefficient.
Somenewarrivalswillcomefromcultureswhereitisconsideredimpolitetoworktooquickly.
Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapse,itseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant,notworthyofproperrespect.
Assignmentsare,consequently,givenaddedweightbythepassageoftime.
IntheUS,however,itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withspeed.
Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinorderto"getitmoving".
SectionA
IComprehensionofTheText
1.Theattitudeisthatifoneisnotmovingaheadheisfallingbehind.
2.Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmostreal.(Peoplebudgetit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;theyalsochargeforit.)Theydothisbecausetimeisapreciousresource.
3.Everyoneisinarush —oftenunderpressure.Citypeoplealwaysappeartobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing,restlesslyseekingattentioninastoreorelbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirshopping.
4.Don’ttakeitpersonally.Thisisbecausepeoplevaluetimehighlyandtheyresentsomeoneelse “wasting” itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.
5.NewarrivalsinAmericawillmissopeningexchanges,theritualinteractionthatgoeswithacupofcoffeeorteaandleisurelychats.
6.Americansproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices.Theycommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts.
7.Theimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthematterathand.
8.ItistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblemorfulfillajobwithspeedintheU.S.
Vocabulary
III
1.charge2.convention3.efficient 4.obtain5.competent6.assessing7.fulfill8.conductingconsequently10.significance
IV.
1.behind2.at 3.in4.out5.to 6.to7.in8.with9.but10.for
V.
1.L 2.C 3.D 4.N 5.O 6.A 7.E 8.G 9.I 10.K
Word Building
VI
1.commitment2.attraction3.appointment4.impression
5.civilization6.composition7.confusion8.congratulation
9.consideration10.explanation11.acquisition12.depression
VII.
desirable favorable considerable acceptable
drinkable advisable remarkable preferable
1.advisable 2.desirable3.favorable 4.considerable5.remarkable6.preferable7.drinkable8.acceptable
Structure
VIII
1.muchlesscanhewriteEnglisharticles
2.muchlesscanhemanageabigcompany
3.muchlesscouldhecarryitupstairs
4.muchlesshaveIspokentohim
5.muchlesstoreadalotoutsideofit
IX
1.Havingmealsathomecancostaslittleastwoorthreedollars,whereaseatingoutatarestaurantisalwaysmoreexpensive.
2.Wethoughtshewasratherproud,whereasinfactshewasjustveryshy.
3.Wehaveneverdoneanythingforthem,whereastheyhavedonesomuchforus.
4.Nataliepreferstostayforanotherweek,whereasherhusbandpreferstoleaveimmediately.
5.Somepraisehimhighly,whereasothersputhimdownseverely
Translation
X.
1.Shewouldn’ttakeadrink,muchlesswouldshestayfordinner.
2.HethoughtIwaslyingtohim,whereasIwastellingthetruth.
3.Howdoyouaccountforthefactthatyouhavebeenlateeverydaythisweek?
4.Theincreaseintheirprofitsisduepartlytotheirnewmarketstrategy.
5.Suchmeasuresarelikelytoresultintheimprovementofworkefficiency.
6.Wehavealreadypouredalotoftimeandenergyintotheproject,sowehavetocarryon.
XI
1. 我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了。
2. 男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元。
3. 自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响。
4. 期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书。
5. 有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国。
其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化。
6. 最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%。
Cloze
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C
11.D12.C13.C14.B15.A
StructuredWriting
XIV.
Alargerandlargerpartofsocietyisexpressingitsconcernaboutenvironmentalprotection.Activeintheirconcern,teachersandstudentsholdspecificmeetingstodiscussenvironmentalprotection.Also,cityplannerstakeenvironmentalproblemsintoseriousconsideration.And,thoughreducingpollutioncanbeexpensive,factoriesoftentakeeverypossiblemeasuretodotheirpart.Manypeopleareconcernedandactivebecauseairandwaterpollutionaffectseveryoneandmakesitdifficultforcitiestosurviveandbusinessestomakeaprofit.
PassageBCultureShock
Doyouthinkstudyinginadifferentcountryissomethingthatsoundsveryexciting?
Areyoulikemanyyoungpeoplewholeavehometostudyinanothercountrythinkingyouwillhavelotsoffun?
Certainly,itisanewexperience,whichbringstheopportunitytodiscoverfascinatingthingsandafeelingoffreedom.
Inspiteoftheseadvantages,however,therearealsosomechallengesyouwillencounter.
Becauseyourviewsmayclashwiththedifferentbeliefs,norms,valuesandtraditionsthatexistindifferentcountries,
youmayhavedifficultyadjustingtoanewcultureandtothosepartsoftheculturenotfamiliartoyou.Thisiscalled"cultureshock".
Atleastfouressentialstagesofadjustmentoccurduringcultureshock.
Thefirststageiscalled"thehoneymoon".Inthisstage,youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace,andeverythingseemstobemarvelous.Youlikeeverything,andeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou.
Also,theamusementoflifeinanewcultureseemstohavenoending.
Eventually,however,thesecondstageofcultureshockappears.
Thisis"thehostilitystage".Youbegintonoticethatnoteverythingisasgoodasyouhadoriginallythoughtitwas.
Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture.Moreover,peopledon'ttreatyoulikeaguestanymore.Everythingthatseemedtobesowonderfulatfirstisnowawful,
andeverythingmakesyoufeeldistressedandtired.
Usuallyatthispointinyouradjustmenttoanewculture,
youdevisesomedefensemechanismstohelpyoucopeandtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock.Onetypeofcopingmechanismiscalled"repression".
Thishappenswhenyoupretendthateverythingisacceptableandthatnothingbothersyou.Anothertypeofdefensemechanismiscalled"regression"
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