高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解及答案1.docx
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高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解及答案1.docx
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高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解及答案1
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Itseemsthatelectronicdevicesjustkeepgettingsmaller.ScientistsintheUnitedStateshaveannouncedthecreationofthefirsttransistorwithonlytwodimensions(二维).
Atransistorisasmallelectronicdevicethattransfersorcarrieselectroniccurrent.Scientistshopethesenew2Dtransistorswillbeusedforbuildinghigh-resolution(高分辨率)displaysthatneedverylittleenergy.
Twogroupsofscientistscreatedthese2Dtransistors.Theyreportthatthetransistorsareonlyafewatomsthick.
Usuallytransistorsaremadewiththeelementsilicon(硅).Computerprocessors,memorychips,TVscreensandotherelectronicdevicescontainbillionsofsilicon-basedtransistors.Buttheseverysmallelectricalpartshavecertainlimitations.
DimitrisIoannouisanelectricalengineeringprofessoratGeorgeMasonUniversity.Hesaysthetraditionaltransistorhasbeenimprovedasmuchasitcanbe.Headdsthatresearchershavebeenlookingfornewmaterialswithspecialfeaturesandtheywanttransistorstobeseenthroughandsoft.
"Ifthelayersareverythin,thetransistorcanbecomeflexible,soitdoesn'thavetoberigid(坚硬的),likeitwouldbeinasiliconchip.Sopeoplecanthinkofapplicationslikewearableelectronics,televisionscreensandotherthings,"saidIoannou.
Thesenewtransistorscanalsocarryhighercurrent.Theyalsocanmovethecurrentmuchfasterthantraditionaltransistors.Thisisimportantforhigh-definitionscreens.
DimitrisIoannousaysthescientificsuccesscouldproveveryusefulinthefuture."Now,howgoodandhowusefulitwillbe,it'sstillinthestageofresearch,butitcertainlyisanadvance,"saidIoannou.
(1)WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewlycreatedtransistorisTRUE?
A.Theyareexpectedtobeusedinhigh-resolutiondisplays.
B.Thetransistorsaremadewiththeelementsilicon.
C.Theyarerigid,justliketraditionaltransistors.
D.Theyhavealreadybeenputintoactualuse.
(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?
A.Thetraditionaltransistorshavebeenchangedintotwo-dimensionalones.
B.Manyofthetraditionaltransistorshavebeenimprovedovertheyears.
C.Thetraditionaltransistorhasbeendevelopedtoitsfullest.
D.Thetraditionaltransistorhasbeendevelopedquitewell.
(3)WhatisDimitrisIoannou'sattitudetowardsthecreationofthenewtransistors?
A.Negative.
B.Neutral.
C.Indifferent.
D.Positive.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,美国科学家发明了新的二维晶体管,介绍了新型二维晶体管的相关信息及未来前景。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Scientistshopethesenew2Dtransistorswillbeusedforbuildinghigh-resolution(高分辨率)displaysthatneedverylittleenergy.”可知,科学家们希望能用这些新的二维晶体管来制造高分辨率的显示器。
故选A。
(2)考查句义猜测。
划线句句意为“他说传统的晶体管已经尽可能地改进了”可推知,传统的晶体管已经开发到了极致。
故选C。
(3)考查观点态度。
根据最后一段中的DimitrisIoannou所说的话可推知,他对于这种新型的晶体管持有积极乐观的态度。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
At23Iappliedforfull-timepositionswithnointentionofworkingfivedaysaweek.Asahousewife,Ihadtwopre-schoolchildrenthenbutwantedtoworkthreedaysaweek.
Thiswasahugedealforme.Ineededtowork,butalsowantedtospendtimewithmychildrenwhiletheywereyoung.Ididn'twanttomissoutonschooldrop-offsandpick-ups.ButIalsodidn'twanttomissoutontheopportunityofpromotion.
Beforetheinterviews,IpreparedaplanofhowIwasgoingtomakethisworkformeandtheemployer.Isawitasatwo-wayagreement—thebusinessadaptingtomeandmeadaptingtothebusiness.
FinallyIbecameamemberofEYat33.EYwastheonlyfirmthatseemedreceptivetomyplan;infact,wespenttimeduringthatfirstinterviewtalkingabouthowwecouldmakeitworktogether.Mostimportantly,thepersoninterviewingmeworkedflexiblytoo—fourdaysaweek.
IappreciatedthatI'moneoftheluckyones.Even10yearson,flexiblehiringandworkingremainstheexceptionratherthantheruleformost.
Whatwillhelpshiftviewsandbehavior,inadditiontoorganizationsupdatingtheirhiringpolicies,istalkingmoreopenlyabouthowmostofusorganizeourdayaroundourresponsibilities.Weallhavealifeoutsideofworkandweshouldn'tbeembarrassedtotalkaboutit,evenduringajobinterview.
It'sachangeinthewayofthinking,notjustforemployersbutemployeestoo.IntheearlydaysIwasconfidentaboutmyabilitybutIprobablydidhaveapreconception(先入之见)thatworkingpart-timewouldlimitmycareerprogression.WhatIquicklyrealizedwasthatifItookresponsibilityformydevelopment,IcouldmakesurethatIgotthesameopportunitiesasifIwasworkingfull-time.SoIofferedsolutionstohowwecouldmakeitwork,anditmademestandout.
(1)Whydidtheauthorwantaflexiblejob?
A. Tobalanceherworkandlife.
B. Tohavemoretimetorelax.
C. Toavoidtoomuchstressinlife.
D. Tostandoutasaspecialwoman.
(2)WhatperhapsmadetheauthorbecomeamemberofEY?
A. Thetimespentdiscussingherplan.
B. Herrelationshipwiththeinterviewer.
C. Hergreatconfidenceintheinterview.
D. Theinterviewer'sunderstandingher.
(3)Whatdoestheauthoradvisetoapplyforaflexiblejob?
A. Tryingtoseizeeveryopportunityonecanget.
B. Persuadingthecompanytochangeitshiringpolicies.
C. Beinghonestaboutone'spersonallifeoutsideofwork.
D. Convincingtheemployerofone'sresponsibilityforthejob.
(4)Whatcanweinferaboutherjobfromthepassage?
A.Itweakenedherability.
B.Itmadeherhighlynoticeable.
C.Itlimitedhercareerpromotion.
D.Itcausedhertoearnlessmoney.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者面试兼职工作时改变传统思路,脱颖而出获得机会,并以此而发表了自己的看法观点。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Thiswasahugedealforme.Ineededtowork,butalsowantedtospendtimewithmychildrenwhiletheywereyoung.”这对我来说是一件大事。
我需要工作,但也想在孩子们小的时候多陪陪他们。
可知,作者需要弹性工作的原因是工作的同时又要照顾孩子,故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“EYwastheonlyfirmthatseemedreceptivetomyplan;infact,wespenttimeduringthatfirstinterviewtalkingabouthowwecouldmakeitworktogether.Mostimportantly,thepersoninterviewingmeworkedflexiblytoo—fourdaysaweek.”EY是唯一一家似乎接受我的计划的公司;事实上,在第一次面试的时候,我们花了很多时间来讨论如何让我们合作。
最重要的是,面试我的那个人工作也很灵活——一周四天。
可推知,EY面试官同样是灵活工作制,她/他能够理解作者的境遇。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第六段中的“Whatwillhelpshiftviewsandbehavior,inadditiontoorganizationsupdatingtheirhiringpolicies,istalkingmoreopenlyabouthowmostofusorganizeourdayaroundourresponsibilities.Weallhavealifeoutsideofworkandweshouldn'tbeembarrassedtotalkaboutit,evenduringajobinterview.”除了更新招聘政策外,更公开地谈论我们大多数人如何围绕职责安排我们的一天,将有助于改变观点和行为。
我们都有工作之外的生活,我们不应该羞于谈论它,即使是在面试的时候。
可知,作者建议面试时讨论职责安排分配以使面试官相信自己的能力。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“WhatIquicklyrealizedwasthatifItookresponsibilityformydevelopment,IcouldmakesurethatIgotthesameopportunitiesasifIwasworkingfull-time.SoIofferedsolutionstohowwecouldmakeitwork,anditmademestandout.”我很快意识到,如果我对自己的发展负责,我就能确保自己得到和全职工作一样的机会。
所以我提出了解决方案,我们如何使它工作,这使我脱颖而出。
可知,作者通过这次面试而改变思路,主动提出了灵活工作的解决方式而使自己引起注意,得到关注。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
IhavethreekidsandagreathusbandandI'menjoyingacareerthatIfindchallengingandfun.Thisfeelslike"Success"totheoutsideworld.ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.
SoIbookedatriptofindout.Itravelled,forthefirsttime,withoutmyhusbandorkids.IwenttoIcelandwithafriend,whosharesanappreciationforwildernessandsilence.
Forsixdays,wewereimmersedinwild,rawsceneryandrealweather—allkindsofweather.Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittleyouactuallyneed.Andhowstrongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.
IfoundsilenceinIceland,andtimetoconsiderthemeoutsideofcareerandthemeoutsideofkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangers.
WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened,Ibecamemoregenerous.I1earnedthatchoosingtobegenerouscancreatemorespace,morefoodandmorewarmth.
ButIdidn'treallygainanybetterappreciationofwhatIwantfromlifeormyjob.IsuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoseeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoosegratitudeandjoy,andtobepresentinthechallengesIsetinmycareerandmyfamily.
Icamehometonoise,rushandlove;withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.Iknowtheanswerisn'twaitingoutthereonthetopofamountaininIceland.Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.
(1)WhydidtheauthortakeatriptoIceland?
A. Togainanewexperience.
B. Toenjoyfamilyhappiness.
C. Tobetterunderstandherself. D. Toappreciatenaturalbeauty.
(2)Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'strip?
A. Puzzling
B. Thrilling
C. Relaxing
D. Demanding
(3)Whatchangehappenedtotheauthorafterthetrip?
A. Shebecamemorepositive
B. Shebecamemoreenergetic
C. Shebecameevenlonelier
D. Shebecamemoreanxious
(4)Whatwilltheauthordointhefuture?
A. Withdrawbacktonature.
B. Embracerealitybravely.
C. TraveltoIcelandmoreoften. D. Paylessattentiontoherfeelings.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,为了寻找真正的自我,作者踏上了冰岛之旅。
回来之后,她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛,而
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