陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分)
Unit1BenjaminFranklin
Questions
1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?
Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthis
life,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit
2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?
Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.
3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?
FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoff
about50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornine
o’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreet
wharf.
4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?
ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,
and
concision(言简意赅).
The
narrative
is
lucid(
易懂的
),
the
structureissimple,theimageryishomely(
朴素的).
Unit2EdgarAllenPoe
1.Whoisthenarrator?
Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?
Montresor.
Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.
2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?
HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.
FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.
3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?
Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.
4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?
Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.
ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.
Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsofFortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.
Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity(
himselfonhearingthewine.
Atthesametime,hewascheatedby
reflectedhisignorance.
his
酗酒).Helost
enemy,which
WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.
Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailed
towatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswere
strongerthanhim.
Forexample,Montresor
alwaysstimulated
himwith
Luchresi
whowasgoodatconnoisseur
(鉴赏)
inwine.
Under
theimpulse
ofvanity,
hefellinto
Montresor
’terribles
trap.
Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’findtthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.
HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.
Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.
Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educated
and―kind‖businessman.
Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,he
wasanevilandawfulperson.
Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthat
theyevenmadepeople
tremble.
Underhisrichappearancewasthe
dirtysoulanddespicable
character.
Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.
ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.
unit4NathanielHawthorne
1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?
Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir
―Utopia,‖fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.
ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlife
Whatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?
Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.
ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovide
eithera―sweetmoralblossomunrelentingsorrowandgloom.
‖orelsesomereliefinthefaceof
2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.
Thesecondparagraphonpage30.
Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.
SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.
Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.
3.WhathashappenedtoHester?
Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.
Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.
Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?
Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.
Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe―
sinand‖
its
symbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.
Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent
―
realities,
takesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingto
atoneforthem.
Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?
ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.
Unit5HermanMelville
1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?
IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.
Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.
Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.
Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.
MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibits
an―intelligentmalignity(狠毒)in‖hisattacksonmen
2.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?
First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilinthe
world,andhepursuestheWhiteWhalehisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.
,becausehebelievesit
Ishmael
suggests
that
Ahab
is
―crazy
‖callandhim
―
araving
lunatic.‖Doyouagreewithhim?
Whyorwhynot?
IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,and
it
does
indeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod.
3.Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?
Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.
Unit6HenryDavidThoreau
1.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandat
aspirituallevel?
HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedtoEmerson’sproperty.
2.HadThoreaueverboughtafarm?
Whydidheenjoytheactofbuying?
No,hehadn’t.
Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandcomplicatehislife.
Thoreaudidn’seettheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobeanexplorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.
Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.
3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthofJulyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoods?
Why?
Yes,itis.
BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.
HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginning
ofregenerationatWalden.
Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.
4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?
Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets
1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow
(1)IShotanArrow⋯
1.Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?
Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.
2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?
Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.
3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?
Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.
(2)APsalmofLife
1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?
Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.
2.Accordingtothepo
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