工程管理英语.docx
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工程管理英语.docx
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工程管理英语
Unit1
QuantitySurveyor
JobDescription
QuantitySurveyorshaveusuallycompletedanappropriatetertiarydegreecourseandundertakenworkexperiencewhichqualifythemformembershipoftheAustralianInstituteofQuantitySurveyors.TAFECertificatesandDiplomasqualifytechnicianswhoassistQuantitySurveyorsintheofficeoronsite,wheretheymayspecializeinparticularaspectsoftheprofession.
Quantitysurveyorsworkonprojectsrangingfromofficeblocks,schools,hospitals,factoriestobridges,railways,oilandminingdevelopment,shipbuildingandlargeprocessengineeringworkssuchasoilrefineries.Anywhere,indeed,thatmajorconstructionworkiscarriedout.TheQuantitySurveyor,alsoknownasaConstructionEconomistorCostManager,isoneofateamofprofessionaladviserstotheconstructionindustry.QuantitySurveyorsestimateallcostsassociatedwithconstructionprojects.Mostoftheirtimeisspentlookingatbuildingplansandquantifyingtheamountandpriceofconstructionmaterials.
AfterQuantitySurveyorshaveestimatedthecostofaconstruction,theyestablishabudgetandexaminewhethertheproposedconstructionmethodswillbeeconomicalandsuitable.Theydothisbyexaminingarchitecturalandengineeringdrawingsandspecifications.Then,theyprepareBillofQuantitieswhichlistsindetailalltheindividualworkcomponentsoftheproject.Anychangeinthedesignorcostofthesewillbemonitoredthroughouttheconstructionphase.
Asadvisers,theyestimateandmonitortheconstructioncosts,fromthefeasibilitystageofaprojectthroughtothecompletionoftheconstructionperiod.Afterconstruction,theymaybeinvolvedwithtaxdepreciationschedules,replacementcostestimationforinsurancepurposesand,ifnecessary,mediationandarbitration.
QuantitySurveyorsareemployedpredominantlyonmajorbuildingandconstructionprojectsasconsultantstotheowner,inbothpublicandprivatesectors.Theymayalsoworkasacademicsinthebuildingandconstructiondisciplinesandinfinancialinstitutions,withdeveloperandasprojectmanager.
QuantitySurveyorsworkcloselywitharchitects,financiers,engineers,contractors,suppliers,projectowners,accountants,insuranceunderwriters,solicitors,courtsandalllevelsofgovernmentauthorities.
QuantitySurveyorsgettheirnamefromtheBillofQuantities,adocumentwhichitemizesthequantitiesofmaterialsandlaborinaconstructionproject.Thisismeasuredfromdesigndrawings,tobeusedbythecontractorsfortendering,forprogresspayments,forvariationsandchangesandultimatelyforstatistics,taxationandvaluation.
Atthefeasibilitystage,QuantitySurveyorsusetheirknowledgeofconstructionmethodsandcoststoadvisetheowneronthemosteconomicalwayofachievinghisrequirements.QuantitySurveyorsmayusetechniquessuchascostplanning,estimating,costanalysis,cost-in-usestudiesandvaluemanagementtoestablishaprojectbudget.
Duringdesign,theQuantitySurveyorensuresthatthedesignremainsonbudgetthroughcostmanagement.Essentialadditionsareoffsetbyidentifiedothersavings.
Oncompletionofdesignanddrawings,theQuantitySurveyormayprepareaBillofQuantities,whichisissuedwiththespecification,forusebycontractorsinsubmittingtenders.Thecontractor'sQuantitySurveyors/estimatorsgenerallypreparetenders,andmaypricealternativesforconsideration.
TheQuantitySurveyorisusuallyinvolvedinassessingtendersandmayalsohavebeenaskedtoadviseonthetypeofcontactorspecialclausesinit.
Duringconstruction,QuantitySurveyorsarecalledontofairlyvalueprogresspaymentsatregularintervals.TheywillalsovaluechangestodesignorquantitieswhichmayarisebyreferencetoappropriateBillofQuantitiesrates.Thecontractor'sQuantitySurveyororcontractadministratorwillhavepreparedclaimsforprogresspaymentsandadditionalwork.
Whenconstructioniscompleted,theQuantitySurveyorcanproducedepreciationschedulesofvariousprojectcomponentsandadviseonrealisticinsurancereplacementcosts.Inthecaseofconstructiondisputes,theQuantitySurveyorisoftencalledonasanexpertwitness,andsomeQuantitySurveyorsactasarbitrators.Bothcontractor'sandowner'sQuantitySurveyorswillbeinvolvedinthis.
Inadditiontonewprojects,QuantitySurveyorsalsousetheirskillsinrefurbishmentofoldbuildings,alterationstoexistingbuildingsandinsurancereplacementestimates.Inpublicauthoritiestheymaintaincoststatisticsonastateornation-widebasis,andthereareopportunitiesforacademiccareersinthebuildingdisciplines.
QuantitySurveyorsworkintheprivatesectorwithconsultingfirms,inthepublicsectormainlywiththeStateGovernmentDepartments/AuthoritiesandtheAustralianConstructionService,andincreasinglywithbuildingcontractors,financiers,propertydevelopers,projectmanagersanduniversities.
QSServices
1.FinancialAdvisor
~preparesbudgetsforbuildingprojects
~advisesoneffectsofqualitytothebudget
~preparescontractdocumentation(suchasBillsofQuantitiesandCostControlDocuments)
~recommendscontracttypeanddeliveryprocesstoachievetimeandbudget
~preparestaxdepreciationcalculations
2.ConstructionAdvisor
~advisesonthecostofalternativematerials
~advisesonthecostofconstructionmethods
~advisesontheeffectofsiteconditionsonbudget
~advisesonthefeasibilityofdifferentsites
3.ContractAdministrator
~advisesonmattersbetweenclientandarchitectorconsultants
~advisesonmattersbetweenclientandcontractororprojectmanager
~advisesoncontractinterpretation,payments,changesinscopeofworks,variations,claimsandfinalaccounts
4.TheIndependentQuantitySurveyor
~impartialadvice
~honestbroker
~achievesvalueformoney
~managesthebudgetandcontrolscost
~achievesqualityproduct
~satisfiestheclient
QSSkills
Inadditiontotechnicalproficiencyinmathsandfinancialaccounting,QuantitySurveyorsneedgoodcommunicationskillsandtheabilitytoworkcloselywithothers.Theyworkcloselyandregularlywitharchitects,engineers,clients,buildersandcontractors.
Theymustalsohaveanunderstandingofthelawsthatgovernconstructioncontracts,theconstructionprocess,andthecostandtypesofmaterialsused.ReadingandexaminingbuildingplansisasignificantcomponentofaQuantitySurveyor'swork,therefore,thecapacityforintenseconcentrationoverlongperiodsiscritical,andquickandreliablejudgmentsforhandlinganynecessarychangeisamust.
Bytheway,ifyouareafraidofheights,youwillhavetoovercomeyourfears.Youmightfindyourselfinspectingtheroofofa50-storeybuildingthatisstillbeingconstructed.
NewWords,Expressions
Estimatevt.估计,预算,估价n.估价,预算
Quantifyvt.确定….的数量,量化
Budgetn.预算v.编制预算
Specificationn详细说明[pl]规范,技术说明
Depreciationn.贬值,折旧
Mediationn.调解
Arbitrationn.仲裁
Predominantlyad.主要的,显著地
Developern.开发商
Contractorn.承包商
Suppliern.供货商
Itemizevt.分条细列,详列
Tendern.投标vt.提出
Offsetvt.弥补,抵消
Claimn.索赔
Refurbishmentn整修,翻新
Deliveryn.交付,交货
Alternativeadj.选择性的,替代性的
Brokern.(股票债券等的)经纪人;(买卖的)中间人,代理人
Underwritern.保险商
Feasibilitystage可行性研究阶段
Constructionmethod施工方案,施工组织设计
Billofquantities工程量清单
Replacementcost重置成本
Buildingandconstructiondiscipline建筑与施工业
Progresspayment进度付款
Variationandchange变更
Costplanning成本计划
Costanalysis成本分析
Scopeofwork工程范围
Exercises
1.TheQuantitySurveyorisalsoknownasa().
A.ProjectManagerB.ConstructionManager
C.ConstructionEconomistD.Engineer
2.BillofQuantitiesismeasuredfrom().
A.specificationB.designdrawing
C.constructionmethodD.contact
3.Fromthefeasibilitystageofaprojectthroughtothecompletionoftheconstructionperiod,QuantitySurveyorsdon’t().
A.estimatereplacementcost
B.estimateconstructioncost
C.monitorthechangesofdesign
D.establishabudget
4.Oncompletionofdesignanddrawings,theQuantitySurveyormay().
A.advisetheowneronthemosteconomicalwayofachievinghisrequirement
B.establishaprojectbudget
C.valueprogresspaymentatregularintervals
D.prepareBillofQuantities
5.TheserviceofQuantitySurveyorsareinthefieldofadviseon().
A.financingB.construction
C.technicalD.contract
6.Oralpractice:
discusswithyourpartnersonthefollowingtopic.
WhatshouldbepreparedforbeingaqualifiedQuantitySurveyor?
Unit2
TypesofBidsandContracts
Contractorsusuallysubmitbidsforalump-sumcontractoraunit-price-typecontract,whenbasedoncompleteplansandspecifications.
Whenplansandspecificationshavenotyetadvancedtoastagewhereadetailedestimatecanbemade,thetypeofcontractusuallyresortedtoisacost-plus-feetype.Thebidmaybebasedonapercentagemarkupthecontractorwillreceiveoverandabovecosts.Sometimesanincentivefeeisalsoincorporated,allowingownerandcontractorshare,inanagreed-onratio,thecostsavingachievedbythecontractor,ortorewardtothecontractorforcompletingtheprojectaheadofschedule.
Evaluationofbidsbyanownermaytakeintoconsiderationtheexperienceandtheexperienceandreputationofthecontractor,asaresultofwhichawardsmaynotbemadeonastrictlylow-bidbasis.
BudgetEstimate.Often,theownerinpreparingplansandspecificationswanttodeterminetheexpectedconstructioncostwhiletheplansarestillinapreliminarystage.Theowner,inthatcase,willaskcontractorsforacostestimateforbudgetpurpose.Iftheestimatefromaspecificcontractorappearstobesatisfactorytotheowner,andiftheownerisdesirousofestablishingacontractua
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