四级资料Writing.docx
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四级资料Writing.docx
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四级资料Writing
课程安排(Schedule)
1.IntroductiontoCET-4Writing(四级写作总论)
2.UnderstandingtheScoringGuide(理解评分原则)
3.SampleStudy(实例)
4.CrackingEssayI(掌握第一种题型)
1.CaseStudy(EssayI)(第一种题型完全解析)
2.CrackingEssayII(掌握第二种题型)
1.CaseStudy---Translation(翻译例文)
2.PrepTipsforSentenceVarity(句式变化的要点)
3.CaseStudy-Polishing(如何润色文章)
4.CrackingEssayIIIandEssayV(掌握第三和第五种题型)
1.CrackingLetterWriting(EssayIV)(掌握第四种题型)
2.CrackingClozeTest(攻克完型填空)
写作的重要性:
6分最低限,只要结构不出错,得分应该为9分。
评判作文:
四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。
内容不跑题即可,注意:
1.不要妄图以情动人;2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。
结构上牢记总分总:
先写主题句(TopicSentence),再写分论点,最后写总结句(Conclusion)。
语言最重要,往往使评分产生重大差异,语言要模仿和包装。
基本表达
人们认为:
itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat
越来越:
beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof
万能理由(Omnipotence)
1.方便:
convenient/convenience
2.效率:
efficient/efficiently/efficiency
3.节省和浪费:
savetime/money/space;economical,thrift
wastetime/money/space;costly,lavish
4.人的心理健康:
independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,
creative,sociable,perseverance;selfish,isolated,conserative
5.人的身体健康:
health,disease,strong,strength,energetic
6.娱乐:
colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,entertainmentm,relax
tired,boring,lonely
7.环境:
environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty
8.安全和危险:
safe,danger,risk
9.经验:
experience,socialexperience,enterthesociety
10.人际:
humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,freedom,freely
写完之后修改注意:
(内容方面尽量不要修改)
1、字母大小写2、怪符号3、单词拼写4、主谓一致5、动词时态6、名词单复数
四级作文的要求、评分标准及评卷实例
一、四级考试对作文的要求:
《大学英语考试大纲》明确规定:
四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。
要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文;写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识,不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。
其命题方式有:
给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。
要求内容切题,文理通顺,表达正确,语义连贯,无重大语言错误。
二、评分原则:
四级考试作文采用总体评分(GLOBALSCORING)的方法,即把内容和语言作为一个统一体进行综合评判。
主要是看内容是否切题,表达是否充分,所用语言是否能清楚而明确地表达思想。
评卷人员根据思想内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分(REWARDSCORES),并不是按语言点错误的多少扣分。
三、评分标准:
作文题满分为15分。
阅卷标准共分为五等:
2分,5分,8分,11分及14分。
2分――条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。
5分――基本切题,表达思想不够清楚,连贯性差,有较多的严重错误。
8分――基本切题,表达思想比较清楚,文字尚连贯,但语言错误较多。
11分――切题,表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。
14分――切题,表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯较好,基本上无语言错误。
0分――白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。
阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照样卷评分,若认为与某一分数档次(如8分)相似,即定为(8分);若认为稍优或劣于该档次,则可加一分(9分)或减一分(7分),但不得加减半分。
字数不足应酌情扣分:
81――89词:
扣1分;71――80词:
扣2分;61――70词:
扣3分;51――60词:
扣4分;50以下词:
扣5分。
经原国家教委批准,四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制计算成绩,其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。
按规定,考生作文若为0分,无论其总分是否高于60分,均作不及格处理;若其作文分高于0分,低于6分,报导成绩时,需从总分中减去6分,再加上实得作文分。
也就是说,要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。
题目:
Bicycles――AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina
提纲:
(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及
(2)和汽车的比较
(3)自行车在中国的前途
Score:
8
BicycleisanimportantmeansoftransportinChina.TheimportantreasonofitistheeconomyofChinese.TheuseofbicycleinChinaiswidelybecausepeopleinChinahavenothighwage.Theycanonlyaffordabicycle,andtheyhavenomoneytobuyacarwhichistooexpensive.SoChineseusuallybuyabicycle,anduseittogotowork,orgototravelandsoon.TheotherreasonisthelargepopulationofChina.Allthesemadethebicyclebecometheimportantmeansoftransport.
Thebicycle,comparedtothecar,isnottooexpensiveanditiseasytolearnandtouseanditcansavethesurfaceofputtingit.Itdoesn’tasktobuildthegaragelikecar.ThispointisveryimportanttoChina,becauseofthelackofland.Itisn’ttooexpensive,soChinesecanaffordit.Itdoesn’tneedanyoil,anditcan’tcausethepolusion.Allofthesearethegoodneedscomparedtothecar.
Inthefuture,bicyclewillbewidelyused.Anditwillbeingooddemand.Peoplewillproducemuchmoremodernbicycles.
Score:
14
BicyclesareverypopularinChina.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople--manandwoman,oldandyoung--ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.ThatiswhyChinaiscalled“thekingdomofbicycles”.
注:
1.第一句总写,第二句和第三句分写,最后总写。
2.Duringtherushhour分词结构开头。
3.破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。
Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.Thoughcarsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoftencausetrafficjamsandaccidents.
注:
1.Comparedwithcars分词结构开头。
2.besuperiorto/beinferiorto优于/低于
3.thirst,second,third英语语言有层次感,信号词
4.cheap便宜,最好用inexpensive
5.begoodforhealth对健康有好处(万能理由)
6.Moreover表示递进
Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.SinceChinaisadevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation,Ithink,ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions.Itwillbeanimportantmeansoftransportationforquitealongtime.
注:
promising有前途的apromisingyoungman
Score:
11
Theremillionsofbicyclesintoday’sChina.Bicyclesareveryimportantmeansoftransportinpeople’sdailylives.Becausetorideabicycleisverysimple,tobuyabicyclewillnotcostsomuchmoney,toparkabicycleneedsjustasmallroomandtorideabicycledoesnotneedoilbuttherider’sstrength,bicyclesarepopularallovertheworld,especiallyinChina.注:
第一句应该用therebe结构
Comparedwithacar,abicycleismuchcheaper.ItismoresuitableforChinaasadevelopingcountry.Andabicyclehasalmostcausednopollutionbutacarhas.Onthecontrary,abicycleistooslow,itcostsmoretimesthanacar.
IthinkthepopulationofChina’sbicyclewillbekeptforthelongrun.Becauseitwillbereplacedbyacar,abusandsooninsomedevelopedareasinChina,anditwillbemadeawideuseinthedevelopingareasinChina,thenumberofbicyclesinChinawillbethesameastodaybutIbelievethatit’squalitywillbeimproved.
I、对比观点选择题:
1.有人认为……;2.另外一些人认为……;3.谈谈你的观点和看法。
(最好写成4段)
实例二99年6月真题
ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?
Outline:
1.有人认为读书要有选择
2.有人认为应当博览群书
3.我的想法
11分Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthatreadingextensivelyisbetter.
Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks.
But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreadingextensivelyisbetter.
Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.
14分Howshouldweread?
Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?
Everyonehashisownview.
Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.
Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.
Who’sright?
Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.
onanotherhand.Someone’sinterestingwaswide.Eachbookcouldbringyouspecificcontainwecouldn’treadingatonlyonelevel.
Iconfirmedalloftheseideasweregoodbutweren’twise.
Asareader,themaintaskistodiscovermoreandmorebooksthesecondtaskistoheldsomewhichwonderfulandhelpfulforus.Don’ttreatthesebookswithrecklessabandon.
Thebesttechnologyofreadingisconnect.
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:
(启)ParagraphI:
(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;
(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
Score:
14分
Howshouldweread?
Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?
Everyonehashisownview.(启)注:
第一句提出问题,第二句提出两种见解
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:
(承)ParagraphII:
(1)提出一种观点或优点;
(2)本段的支持性分论点;
(3)本段总结(可以省略)。
Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.(承)
注:
1.本段总分总结构
2.theyarguethat=theythinkthat
3.withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展
4.what'smore递进关系,moreover
5.bad=pornographic色情的&violent暴力的
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:
(转)ParagraphIII:
(1)承上启下的过渡句;
(2)提出另一种观点或缺点;
(3)本段的支持性分论点
(4)本段总(可以省略)。
Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.(转)
注:
1.But转折词(信号词)
2.theyemphasizethat=theythinkthat
3.today'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas现代社会今昔非比
4.许多知识awiderangeofknowledge/alargescopeofknowledge/muchknowledge;获取知识acquire/getknowledge
5.knowsnothing→little;hemaybeuseles
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