高考英语全国一卷.docx
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高考英语全国一卷.docx
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高考英语全国一卷
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
A
Washington,D.C.BicycleTours
CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
DurationTour
Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserve(n.储备;保护区v.预约;储备)yourspot(n.地点;场所;斑点
v.玷污,发现adj.现场的)beforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(4miles)
JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(7miles)
JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.
B.WashingtoncapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.
22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.
C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.MealsD.Safetylights
B
GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrilling(拷问,盘问)guests(n.客人;特邀嘉宾)onthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.
InSaveMoney:
GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresenter(n.节目主持人)saysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.
"WeloveMexicanchurros(油炸饼),soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26p(penny便士)aportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."
Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:
GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:
GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspiration(n.灵感)onabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?
A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.
B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.
C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.
D.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.
25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?
A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.
B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.
C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.
D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?
(intendv.intentionn.extendv.tendv.趋向于;照顾)
A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.
B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.
C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.
D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart
B.BalancingOurDailyDiet
C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef
D.CookingWellforLess
C
Languageshavebeen(comingandgoing来来往往)forthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulated(居住于,生活于)byhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsory(强制的)education.Especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.(evenadj.公平的;平均的)Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot.,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:
theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.
B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.
D.Theywerecloselyconnected
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?
A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6,800B.About3,400
C.About2,400D.About1,200
31.Whatistheminideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
BPeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
D
Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworn(用旧的,穿旧的)technologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsaremined(开采)towhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadout(读数)forhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration—Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescene(出现)in1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplanted(布置,安)inthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatserve(提供;服务)morethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demand(点播)entertainmentviewingontablets(insteadofTVsanddesktopcomputers)couldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.
B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
(notbetterthan不比...好nobetterthan几乎等于
notmorethan不超过nomorethan只不过)
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.
D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?
A.Toreducethecostofminerals.
B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.
D.Thedesktopcomputer.(台式电脑)
35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeople
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