八年级英语上册阅读理解知识点总结1.docx
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八年级英语上册阅读理解知识点总结1.docx
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八年级英语上册阅读理解知识点总结1
2020-2021年八年级英语上册阅读理解知识点总结1
一、八年级英语上册阅读理解专项练习(含答案解析)
1.阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
SinceMay1st,2015,Beijinghasstartedtoallowblindpeopletotakeguidedogsontothesubway.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutguidedogs?
Howdoguidedogshelpblindpeople?
Sometimes,theyplaywithyoulikecommonpetdogs.Butassoonastheyweartheirspecialcoats,it'stimetostartwork.Theyareguidedogsandtheyhelptoguideblindpeople.Thosedogsthataresmartandhaveagoodtempercanbeguidedogs.
Tohelpblindpeople,dogsneedtolearnmanyskillsandpasstests.Attheageofabout1yearold,dogsaretrainedatschools.There,theylearnskillssuchasfindingandfollowingaclearroad,movingaroundobstacles(障碍物).Theyalsoneedtolearnanimportantlessonknownas"intelligentdisobedience(智能抗命).Forexample,blindpeopleaskthedogtogoforwardwhencrossingaroad.Butifadogknowsthatacariscoming,itwillnotmoveuntilitissafe.
Atabout10to20yearsold,guidedogsretire(退休).Someofthemstayattheirowners'homesandbecometheirpets,andothersmaygobacktotrainingschoolsandlivethere.
(1)Thosewhoare________cantakeguidedogsontothesubway.
A. old B. blind C. young D. lazy
(2)Whatarethecharacteristics(特点)oftheguidedogaccordingtothepassage?
a.clever
b.havingagoodtemper
c.strong
d.havingagoodsenseofsmell
A. a,b,c,d
B. a,b,c
C. a,c,d
D. a,b
(3)TheguidedoghastogetsometrainingEXCEPT(除了)________beforeitstartstowork.
A. findingaclearroad
B. movingaroundobstacles
C. intelligentdisobedience D. treatingtheowner
(4)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A. Theguidedogusuallywearsaspecialcoatwhenitworks.
B. Theguidedogneedstopasstestsbeforeitcanwork.
C. Someguidedogscanbecomepetsafter9to11years'work
D. Theguidedogwilldowhatevertheownerasksittodo.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了导盲犬的情况。
(1)细节题。
根据Beijinghasstartedtoallowblindpeopletotakeguidedogsontothesubway可知北京已经开始允许盲人带导盲犬上地铁,故选B。
(2)细节题。
根据Thosedogsthataresmartandhaveagoodtempercanbeguidedogs.那些聪明且脾气好的狗可以成为导盲犬,可知,导盲犬要聪明,好脾气,故选D。
(3)细节题。
根据There,theylearnskillssuchasfindingandfollowingaclearroad,movingaroundobstacles(障碍物).Theyalsoneedtolearnanimportantlessonknownas"intelligentdisobedience 例如找到并沿着一条清晰的道路,绕过障碍物。
他们还需要学习一门被称为“智能抗命”的重要课程,可知,在它开始工作之前导盲犬除了 treatingtheowner必须接受一些训练,故选D。
(4)推理题。
根据常识,导盲犬主要的作用是领路,可知导盲犬会做主人要求它做的任何事情是错的,故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息。
2.阅读理解
Doyoulikeeatingice-cream?
Doyouknowhowice-creamspreadintheworld?
TheearliesticewaseateninChinamanyyearsago.Peopleputfruitjuiceintoice.Later,thisideaspreadtoItaly.Nero,theemperorofRomebetween54ADand68AD,likedtoeaticebetweenviolinlessons.Heorderedrunnerstoruntothemountains,getsnowandquicklyrunbacktothepalace.Thesnowwasmixedwithfruitjuiceandhoney.
Around1660,coffeeshopsservingice-creamwereverypopularinParis.MostofthecoffeeshopswereownedbyItalians.ThefirstsuccessfulonewasopenedbyamanfromItalynamedFrancescoProcopio.
Ice-creamwasbroughttoAmericaintheearly1700s,anditquicklybecamethefavoriteofAmericanpresidents.GeorgeWashingtonhadice-creammachinesinhiskitchen.DollyMadison,thewifeofPresidentMadison,wasthefirstonetoserveherguestsice-creamintheWhiteHouse.
Beforeice-creamwassoldinstores,itwasmadeandfrozen(冷冻)athome.Ittooklotsofworktomixcream,eggs,fruit,iceandsalt,andthentofreezeit.NancyJohnson,anAmericanwomanmadethehand-turnedice-creamfreezerin1846.Fiveyearslater,JacobFlusellopenedthefirstice-creambusinessinBaltimore,Maryland.Hisbusinessquicklyspreadtootherstates.
(1)PeopleinChinaandItalyateicewith________manyyearsago.
A. cream
B. coffee
C. fruitjuice
D. eggsandsalt
(2)WecanlearnfromthepassagethatDollyMadison________.
A. broughtice-creamtoAmerica
B. wasoncethepresidentofAmerica
C. openedthefirstice-creambusinessinBaltimore
D. wasthefirstonetoservetheguestsice-creamintheWhiteHouse
(3)Howdidice-creamspreadintheworld?
A. China→Italy→France→America.
B. China→France→America→Italy.
C. Italy→China→France→America.
D. America→France→Italy→China.
(4)Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.
A. howtomakeice-cream
B. thehistoryofice-cream
C. whypeoplelikeeatingice-cream
D. ice-creamshopsaroundtheworld
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文讲述冰淇淋的发展史。
(1)细节题,根据Peopleputfruitjuiceintoice.Later,thisideaspreadtoItaly.可知许多年前中国和意大利人吃放了果汁的冰,故选C。
(2)细节题,根据DollyMadison,thewifeofPresidentMadison,wasthefirstonetoserveherguestsice-creamintheWhiteHouse.可知DollyMadison是第一个在白宫用冰淇淋招待客人的人,故选D。
(3)推理题,根据TheearliesticewaseateninChinamanyyearsago.和Later,thisideaspreadtoItaly.Nero,和Around1660,coffeeshopsservingice-creamwereverypopularinParis.和Ice-creamwasbroughttoAmericaintheearly1700s.可知冰淇淋最早是中国然后是意大利其次是美国最后传到美国,故选A。
(4)主旨题,本文主要讲冰淇淋的发展史,故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力,推理题是阅读理解题中常见题型,推理题需要联系上下文,推出需要的信息。
3.阅读理解
ItisOct.24.Youpickupabottleofmilk.Yousee"BestBeforeOct.23"onit.Whatdoyoudowithit?
Mostpeoplejustthrowitaway.It'sabigwaste.
TheUnitedNationssaysthatoveronethirdoffoodgoestothetrash.But795millionpeopleonEarthdon'thaveenoughtoeat.Tochangethis,peoplehavecomeupwithgreatideas.Afterall,thebestplaceforfoodisourstomachs,notthetrash.
Sharingfood
Peoplesay,"There'snosuchthingasafree,lunch."Buttheyarewrong.Recently,"sharefridges"havecometocitieslikeShanghaiandQuanzhou,Quickmeals,milk,cookiesandcakesarestayinginthefridges.Itisjustlikeyourfridgeathome.Thefoodcomesfromfamiliesandshopsnearby.Anditisfreeforeverypasserbytoenjoy!
Thisgreatideacomesfromthepopular"foodbank"practice.
Wekeepourextramoneyinabank.In1967,somepeopleintheUSwantedtodothesamewithfood.Theythensetuptheworld'sfreefoodbank.
Inmanypeople'seyes,expired(过期的)foodbecomesjunk.ButacompanyfromtheUKthinksdifferently.Thereisa"BestBeforeDate"onthefoodbag.Beforethatdate,thequality(质量)isthebest.Butafterthatdate,thefoodcanbestillOKtoeat.
So,theRealJunkFoodProject,aBritishcompany,getssuchfoodfromsupermarketsandputsitincafesagain.Theydon'tgivethefoodaprice.Youcangivewhatevermoneyyoulike.Ifyoudon'twanttospendmoney,youcanhelpworkthere.
(1)hewriterthinksit'swrongtosay"There'snosuchthingasafreelunch,because .
A. thesayingisnottrueatall
B. thefoodin"sharefridges"isfree
C. mostfoodgoestothetrash
D. thefoodforlunchisfreeeverywhere
(2)Wheredidthefirstfreefoodbankappear?
A. China. B. TheUN. C. TheUS. D. TheUK.
(3)AcompanyfromtheUKthinksthefoodafter"BestBeforeDate"is toeat.
A. bad
B. OK
C. thebest
D. better
(4)Youcan'tseethe ofthefoodincafes.
A. name
B. date
C. address
D. price
(5)What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Waystostopfoodwaste B. Food'sbestbeforedate
C. Toenjoythefreefood
D. Wheretofind"sharefridges"?
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)B
(4)D
(5)A
【解析】【分析】本文呼吁要减少食物浪费,并介绍了几个防止食物浪费的办法。
(1)细节题。
根据itisfreeforeverypasserbytoenjoy可知,作家认为说“没有免费午餐是错误的,因为“共享冰箱”里的食物是免费的,故选B。
(2)细节题。
根据somepeopleintheUSwantedtodothesamewithfood.Theythensetuptheworld'sfreefoodbank一些美国人也想对食物做同样的事情。
然后他们建立了世界免费食品银行可知,第一家免费食品银行出现在美国,故选C。
(3)细节题。
根据Thereisa"BestBeforeDate"onthefoodbag.Beforethatdate,thequality(质量)isthebest.Butafterthatdate,thefoodcanbestillOKtoeat可知,来自英国的一家公司认为“最佳日期前”的食物可以,故选B。
(4)细节题。
根据Theydon'tgivethefoodaprice他们不给食物定价可知,你看不到咖啡馆里的食物价格,故选D。
(5)主旨题。
根据本文呼吁要减少食物浪费,并介绍了几个防止食物浪费的办法可知,最好的标题是Waystostopfoodwaste停止食物浪费的方法,故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题和主旨题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案,主旨题需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出中心思想。
4.阅读理解
Everyoneofus,richorpoor,shouldhaveatleastoneortwogoodfriends.Yourfriendswilllistentoyouwhenyouspeak,willhelpyouwhenyouhaveproblems,andwillbetogetherwithyouinyourlife.
Everyoneneedsfriends.Friendshipcanmakeushappier,Howcanwefindagoodfriendandgetonwellwith(与.....相处得好)eachother?
Herearesometips.
Makefriendswithapersonwhoiseasytogetonwith.
Youshouldmakefriendswithapersonwhohassomethingincommonwithyou.
Giveyourfriendahandwhenheorshehasproblems.Friendsshouldalwaysbereadytohelpeachother.
Believein(信任)eachother.Thisisthemostimportantthinginafriendship.
Eventhebestfriendsmayhaveaquarrel(争吵)sometimes.Ifthishappens,don'tletyourquarrellasttoolong.Trytosaysorrytoyourfriendsoon.
(1)Whoneed(s)atleastoneo
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