六级匹配练习五篇.docx
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六级匹配练习五篇.docx
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六级匹配练习五篇
第一篇
DaylightSavingTime(DST)
HowandWhenDidDaylightSavingTimeStart?
[A]BenjaminFranklin—of“earlytobedandearlytorise”fame—wasapparentlythefirstpersontosuggesttheconceptofdaylightsavings.WhileservingasU.S.ambassadortoFranceinParis,Franklinwroteofbeingawakenedat6a.m.andrealizing,tohissurprise,thatthesunwouldrisefarearlierthanheusuallydid.Imaginetheresourcesthatmightbesavedifheandothersrosebeforenoonandburnedlessmidnightoil,Franklin,tonguehalfincheek,wrotetoanewspaper.
[B]Itwasn’tuntilWorldWarIthatdaylightsavingswererealizedonagrandscale.Germanywasthefirststatetoadoptthetimechanges,toreduceartificiallightingandtherebysavecoalforthewareffort.Friendsandfoessoonfollowedsuit.IntheU.S.afederallawstandardizedtheyearlystartandendofdaylightsavingtimein1918—forthestatesthatchosetoobserveit.
[C]DuringWorldWarIItheU.S.madedaylightsavingtimemandatory(强制的)forthewholecountry,asawaytosavewartimeresources.BetweenFebruary9,1942,andSeptember30,1945,thegovernmenttookitastepfurther.Duringthisperioddaylightsavingtimewasobservedyear-round,essentiallymakingitthenewstandardtime,ifonlyforafewyears.Manyyearslater,theEnergyPolicyActof2005wasenacted,mandatingacontroversialmonth-longextensionofdaylightsavingtime,startingin2007.
DaylightSavingTime:
EnergySaverorJustTimeSuck?
[D]Inrecentyearsseveralstudieshavesuggestedthatdaylightsavingtimedoesn’tactuallysaveenergy—andmightevenresultinanetloss.EnvironmentaleconomistHendrikWolff,oftheUniversityofWashington,co-authoredapaperthatstudiedAustralianpower-usedatawhenpartsofthecountryextendeddaylightsavingtimeforthe2000SydneyOlympicsandothersdidnot.Theresearchersfoundthatthepracticereducedlightingandelectricityconsumptionintheeveningbutincreasedenergyuseinthenowdarkmornings—wipingouttheeveninggains.That’sbecausetheextrahourthatdaylightsavingtimeaddsintheeveningisahotterhour.“Soifpeoplegethomeanhourearlierinawarmerhouse,theyturnontheirairconditioning,”theUniversityofWashington’sWolffsaid.
[E]Butotherstudiesdoshowenergygains.InanOctober2008daylightsavingtimereporttoCongress,mandatedbythesame2005energyactthatextendeddaylightsavingtime,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyassertedthatspringingforwarddoessaveenergy.Extendeddaylightsavingtimesaved1.3terawatt(太瓦)hoursofelectricity.ThatfiguresuggeststhatdaylightsavingtimereducesannualU.S.electricityconsumptionby0.03percentandoverallenergyconsumptionby0.02percent.Whilethosepercentagesseemsmall,theycouldrepresentsignificantsavingsbecauseofthenation’senormoustotalenergyuse.
[F]What’smore,savingsinsomeregionsareapparentlygreaterthaninothers.California,forinstance,appearstobenefitmostfromdaylightsavingtime—perhapsbecauseitsrelativelymildweatherencouragespeopletostayoutdoorslater.TheEnergyDepartmentreportfoundthatdaylightsavingtimeresultedinanenergysavingsofonepercentdailyinthestate.
[G]ButWolff,oneofmanyscholarswhocontributedtothefederalreport,suggestedthatthenumbersweresubjecttostatisticalvariability(变化)andshouldn’tbetakenashardfacts.Anddaylightsavings,energygainsintheU.S.largelydependonyourlocationinrelationtotheMason-DixonLine,Wolffsaid.“TheNorthmightbeaslightwinner,becausetheNorthdoesn’thaveasmuchairconditioning,”hesaid.“ButtheSouthisadefiniteloserintermsofenergyconsumption.TheSouthhasmoreenergyconsumptionunderdaylightsaving.”
DaylightSavingTime:
HealthyorHarmful?
[H]Fordecadesadvocatesofdaylightsavingshavearguedthat,energysavingsorno,daylightsavingtimeboostshealthbyencouragingactivelifestyles—aclaimWolffandcolleaguesarecurrentlyputtingtothetest.“InanationwideAmericantime-usestudy,we’reclearlyseeingthat,atthetimeofdaylightsavingtimeextensioninthespring,televisionwatchingissubstantiallyreducedandoutdoorbehaviorslikejogging,walking,orgoingtotheparkaresubstantiallyincreased,”Wolffsaid.“That’sremarkable,becauseofcoursethetotalamountofdaylightinagivendayisthesame.”
[I]Butotherswarnofilleffects.TillRoenneberg,auniversityprofessorinMunich(慕尼,黑),Germany,saidhisstudiesshowthatourcircadian(生理节奏的)bodyclocks—setbylightanddarkness—neveradjusttogainingan“extra”hourofsunlighttotheendofthedayduringdaylightsavingtime.
[J]Onereasonsomanypeopleinthedevelopedworldarechronically(长期地)overtired,hesaid,isthattheysufferfrom“socialjetlag.”Inotherwords,theiroptimalcircadiansleepperiodsdon’taccordwiththeiractualsleepschedules.Shiftingdaylightfrommorningtoeveningonlyincreasesthislag,hesaid.“Lightdoesn’tdothesamethingstothebodyinthemorningandtheevening.Morelightinthemorningwouldadvancethebodyclock,andthatwouldbegood.Butmorelightintheeveningwouldevenfurtherdelaythebodyclock.”
[K]Otherresearchhintsatevenmoreserioushealthrisks.A2008studyconcludedthat,atleastinSweden,heartattackrisksgoupinthedaysjustafterthespringtimechange.“Themostlikelyexplanationtoourfindingsisdisturbedsleepanddisruptionofbiologicalrhythms,”OneexperttoldNationalGeographicNewsviaemail.
DaylightSavings!
LoversandHaters
[L]Withverdicts(定论)onthebenefits,orcosts,ofdaylightsavingssosplit,itmaybenosurprisethattheyearlytimechangesinspirepolarizedreactions.IntheU.K.,forinstance,theLighterLatermovement—partof10:
10,agroupadvocatingcuttingcarbonemissions—arguesforasortofextremedaylightsavings.First,theysay,movestandardtimeforwardanhour,thenkeepobservingdaylightsavingtimeasusual—addingtwohoursofeveningdaylighttowhatwecurrentlyconsiderstandardtime.ThefolksbehindStandardtime.com,ontheotherhand,wanttoabolishdaylightsavingtimealtogether,callingenergy-efficiencyclaims“unproven.”
[M]NationaltelephonesurveysbyRasmussenReportsfromspring2010andfall2009deliverthesameanswer.Mostpeoplejust“don’tthinkthetimechangeisworththehassle(麻烦洽勺事).”Forty-sevenpercentagreedwiththatstatement,whileonly40percentdisagreed.ButSeizetheDaylightauthorDavidPrerausaidhisresearchondaylightsavingtimesuggestsmostpeoplearefondofit.“Ithinkifyouaskmostpeopleiftheyenjoyhavinganextrahourofdaylightintheeveningeightmonthsayear,theresponsewouldbeprettypositive.”
46.Daylightsavings,energygainsmightbevariousduetodifferentclimates.
47.Disturbedsleepanddisruptionofbiologicalrhythmsmaybethebestexplanationtohigherheartattackrisksinthedaysafterthespringtimechange.
48.AresearchindicatedthatDSTmightnotsaveenergybyincreasingenergyuseinthedarkmornings,thoughitreducedlightingandelectricityconsumptionintheevening.
49.Germanytooktheleadtosavewartimeresourcesbyadoptingthetimechangesandreducingartificiallighting.
50.Auniversityprofessorstudiedtheeffectofdaylightsavingtimeandsoundedthealarmofitsnegativeeffects.
51.Socialjetlagcanpartlyaccountforpeople’schronicfatiguesyndromeindevelopedcountries.
52.ThefigureofastudyintheU.S.suggestedthatDSTcouldsavealotofenergynationally.
53.Supportersofdaylightsavingshavelongconsidereddaylightsavingtimedoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
54.AgroupadvocatingcuttingcarbonemissionslaunchestheLighterLatermovementtobackakindofextremedaylightsavings.
55.Ascholarcontributingtoafederalreportsuggestedthattheamountofsavedenergyhadsomethingtodowithgeographicposition.
第二篇
BeautyandBodyImageintheMedia
[A]Imagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women—andtheirbodyparts—selleverythingfromfoodtocars.Popularfilmandtelevisionactressesarebecomingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknowntofaintonthesetfromlackoffood.Women’smagazinesarefullofarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethoselasttwentypounds,they’llhaveitall—theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,greatsex,andarewardingcareer.
[B]Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodels?
Theroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.Andit’snoaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey’reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen’sHealthinits2001report.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.
[C]Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion(U.S.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90%to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight).Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.
[D]TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethods
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