英语高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
【英语】高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Sometimes,youjustcan'thelpit.Maybeyou'rewatchingasadmovie,orthinkingaboutthefriendwhomovedaway.Nextthingyouknow,youfeelpressureinyourthroat,youreyesarewatering,andyouhavetearsrunningdownyourcheeks.
AccordingtoAdVingerhoets,aprofessorofpsychologyatTilburgUniversity,intheNetherlands,whoisoneofthefewscientistsintheworldwhohavestudiedcrying,therearethreetypesoftears.Basaltearsarethefirsttype.TheyactasaprotectivebarrierbetweentheeyeandtherestoftheWorld.Nextarereflextears.Theywashyoureyescleanwhensomethinggetsinthem.Finally,thereareemotionaltears."Thesearereleasedinresponsetoemotionalstates,"explainsVingerhoets.
Scientistsbelievecryinghassomethingtodowithhowhumansdevelopedandlearnedtodependoneachother."Humansareverycomplexsocialcreatures,"saysLaurenBylsma,aprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh,inPennsylvania."Itseemsthattearsservetoarousehelpandsupportfromothers,"Shesays.
Vingerhoetsagrees,"Ithinkthatthereasonwhyhumansshedtears(流眼泪)hassomethingtodowithourchildhood,"hesays."that'sthetimewhenwearestilldependentonadultsforloveandprotectionandcare.Themajoradvantageofemotionaltearsisthatyoucantargetthemataspecificperson."Vingerhoetssaysthisabilitycouldhavecomeinhandyinprehistorictimes,whenhumanswerelivingamongdangerousanimals.Tearswereasaferwaytogetattention."Inthiscase,itisbettertouseasilentsignaltoaskforhelp,"hesays.
VingerhoetsandByhmadofrequentstudiestobetterunderstandwhyhumanscry.AccordingtoByhma,thereisstillmuchmoretodiscover."It'ssurprising,"shesays,"howmuchwestilldon'tknow."
(1)Inthescientists'opinion,cryingis________.
A.asignofhumanevolution
B.aresultofhumankindness
C.acauseofpersonalgrowth
D.ameansofrelyingoneachother
(2)Theunderlinedphrase"thisability"inthelastparagraphreferstotheabilityto________.
A.seekhelpwisely
B.aimtearsatsomeone
C.cryemotionally
D.appealtootherpeople
(3)Fromthetext,welearnthatAdVingerhoetsandLaurenBylsma________.
A.holddifferentopinionsaboutthecausesoftears
B.thinkpositivelyoftheeffectsoftears
C.areworkingtogethertostudytears
D.havelearnedenoughabouttears
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Thetypesoftears
B.Thecomponentsoftears
C.Thescienceoftears
D.Theopinionsabouttears
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,从科学的角度分析了哭的类型和哭的原因等内容。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Scientistsbelievecryinghassomethingtodowithhowhumansdevelopedandlearnedtodependoneachother”可知,科学家们认为哭与人类如何发展和学习彼此依靠有关系。
故可知哭是人们互相依靠的一种方法,选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“‘Themajoradvantageofemotionaltearsisthatyoucantargetthemataspecificperson.’Vingerhoetssaysthisabilitycouldhavecomeinhandyinprehistorictimes,whenhumanswerelivingamongdangerousanimals.Tearswereasaferwaytogetattention."Vingerhoets认为泪水的主要优势就是你可以将泪水指向一个特定的目标。
这种能力在史前发挥了作用,当时人们生活在危险的动物中。
泪水是获得注意的一种更安全的方式。
由此可知,thisability指将泪水指向一个特定的目标的能力,故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“LaurenBylsma,aprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh,inPennsylvania.‘Itseemsthattearsservetoarousehelpandsupportfromothers,’Shesays.Vingerhoetsagrees”可知,LaurenBylsma和Vingerhoets都认为泪水可以唤起别人的帮助和支持。
结合选项可知,他们都认可泪水的积极作用。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
TheWallStreetJournalrecentlypublishedanexcellentarticlepennedbyWendyBoundsonahottopichereatMNN:
theair-purifyingqualitiesofthecommonhouseplant.Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfern(芦笋蕨)isaneconomicalartisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.Soit'sbeenacknowledgedthatabunchofprettyputtedhouseplantscanhelpyoumaintainahealthierhome,butasmarterhome?
That'sthequestioninlightofarecentstudypublishedbytheJournalofEnvironmentalPsychologyshowingthatthepresenceofplantsinaroom,particularlyinanofficeenvironment,canshrinkattentionspan(范围).Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffort)canberefreshedthroughexposurehotonaturalisticenvironments.Basically,takingawalkthroughtheparkcanclearone'shead.Butcanaheadberefreshedsimplybybeingsurroundedbyhouseplants?
Totesttheirtheory,thestudy'sauthorsroundedupabunchofparticipants,putsomeoftheminamomwithnoplantsandputothersinaroomwithourplantsplacedaroundadesk,andputthemalltothesameseriesoftests.FirstwasaRearingSpanTeatwhichinvolvesreadingaseriesofsentencesaloudandrememberingtheLastwordineachsentence.Thistaskrequiresthatyoufluentlyswitchbetweenattentiondemandingtasks:
fromrendingandmemorizingatonemomenttowritingandrecallingatthenext.NextcameaproofreadingtaskfallowedbyanotherReadingSpanTest.
Theresults?
ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.
(1)Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Stayingindoorscanhelpavoidthepoorerairoutdoors.
B.HouseplantscanFunctionasbeautifulcheapairpurifiers.
C.Plantingpolledflowersasdecorationsisveryinteresting.
D.Airpurifiersarethemosteffectivetocreateahealthyhome.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2probablyreferto?
A.Focusone'sattention.
B.Disturbone'sattention.
C.weakenone'sattention.
D.Turnone'sattentionaway.
(3)Whatdoesthetestprove?
A.Workinginnaturehelpsincreaseproductivity.
B.Houseplantswillbeingreatdemandinourlife.
C.Greenerycreateshealthiernaturalisticatmosphereindoors.
D.Workingamonghouseplantsimprovesmentalfunctioning.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Flowers:
GrandFeasttoEyes
B.Greenery:
EffectiveAir-purifier
C.Houseplants:
VisualBrainFood
D.PottedPlants:
Great!
House-beautifier
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过实验说明室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfem(芦笋蕨)isaeconomical,artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.”可知,鉴于室内空气污染比室外空气污染严重2到5倍,用百合花、芦笋蕨这些植物来取代空气净化器净化室内空气即经济实惠又美观。
故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffortcanberefreshedthroughexposuretonaturalisticenvironments.”可知,挣扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通过置身于自然环境中来恢复。
据此可推知,缩小注意力范围即指注意力得到恢复,变得更专注。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.”可知,在有植物的房间里工作的参与者从第一次阅读广度测试到第二次阅读广度测试的成绩都有所提高,而在没有绿色植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有。
因此,在植物间工作的好处是显而易见的。
由此可知,这个测试的证实了在室内植物间工作可以改善精神功能。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据全文内容可知本文介绍室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力,对大脑的工作效果起到积极作用。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
“YearsagowhenIwasattheGrandCanyon,Irememberedsomeonecominguptothecanyon'sedge,takingashotwithacameraandthenwalkingaway,like'gotit–done',barelyevenglancingatthemagnificentsceneinfrontofhim,”LindaHenkel,ascientistatFairfieldUniversity,UStoldLiveScience.
Henkelwassurprisedbyhowobsessed(痴迷的)peoplearewithtakingpicturesthesedays-beforedinner,duringfriends'birthdayparties,onmuseumtoursandsoon.
Theykeeptakingpicturesbecausetheythinkthatithelpsrecordthemoment,butasHenkel'slateststudyhasjustfoundout,thisobsessionmaypreventtheirbrainsrememberingwhatactuallyhappened,reportedTheGuardian.
Inherstudy,Henkelledagroupofcollegestudentsaroundamuseumandaskedthemtosimplyobserve15objectsandphotograph15others.Thenextdaythestudents'memoryofthetourwastested,andtheresultsshowedthattheywerelessaccurateinrecognizingtheobjectsandtheyrememberedfewerdetailsaboutthemiftheyphotographedthem.
''Whenpeoplerelyontechnologytorememberthem—countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoattendtoitfullythemselves,itcanhaveanegativeimpactonhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences,”Henkelexplained.
Butthereisalsoanexception:
ifstudentszoomedintophotographpartofanobject,theirmemoryactuallyimproved,andthosewhofocusedthelens(镜头)onaspecificareacouldevenrecallpartsthatweren'tintheframe.
Sobasically,thisstudyissayingthatconstantlytakingpicturescanharmyourmemory.Butshouldn'treviewingpictureswehavetakenhelpwakeupourmemories?
Thisistrue,butonlyifwespendenoughtimedoingit.
“Inordertoremember,wehavetoaccessandinteractwiththephotos,ratherthanjustcollectthem,”HenkeltoldTheTelegraph.However,previousresearchhasshownthatmostpeoplenevertakethetimetolookovertheirdigitalpicturessimplybecausetherearetoomanyofthemandtheyaren'tusuallyveryorganizedontheircomputers.
(1)WhydidtheauthormentionHenkel'striptotheGrandCanyonatthebeginning?
A. Tocomplainaboutsometourists'badhabits.
B. Togivesuggestionsonhowtoenjoyone'stour.
C. Topointoutpeopl
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