土木工程高层建筑中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
- 文档编号:16421490
- 上传时间:2023-07-13
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:24.07KB
土木工程高层建筑中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
《土木工程高层建筑中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《土木工程高层建筑中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
土木工程高层建筑中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料翻译
1外文资料
TheTallOfficeBuildingArtisticallyConsidered
Thearchitectsofthislandandgenerationarenowbroughtfacetofacewithsomethingnewunderthesunnamely,thatevolutionandintegrationofsocialconditions,thatspecialgroupingofthem,thatresultsinademandfortheerectionoftallofficebuildings.
Itisnotmypurposetodiscussthesocialconditions;Iacceptthemasthefact,andsayatoncethatthedesignofthetallofficebuildingmustberecognizedandconfrontedattheoutsetasaproblemtobesolvedavitalproblem,pressingforatruesolution.
Letusstatetheconditionsintheplainestmanner.Briefly,theyarethese:
officesarenecessaryforthetransactionofbusiness;theinventionandperfectionofthehighspeedelevatorsmakeverticaltravel,thatwasoncetediousandpainful,noweasyandcomfortable;developmentofsteelmanufacturehasshownthewaytosafe,rigid,economicalconstructionsrisingtoagreatheight;continuedgrowthofpopulationinthegreatcities,consequentcongestionofcentersandriseinvalueofground,stimulateanincreaseinnumberofstories;thesesuccessfullypiledoneuponanother,reactongroundvaluesandsoon,byactionandreaction,interactionandinterreaction.Thushascomeaboutthatformofloftyconstructioncalledthe"modernofficebuilding".Ithascomeinanswertoacall,forinitanewgroupingofsocialconditionshasfoundahabitationandaname.
Uptothispointallinevidenceismaterialistic,anexhibitionofforce,ofresolution,ofbrainsinthekeensenseoftheword.Itisthejointproductofthespeculator,theengineer,thebuilder.
Problem:
Howshallweimparttothissterilepile,thiscrude,harsh,brutalagglomeration,thisstark,staringexclamationofeternalstrife,thegraciousnessofthesehigherformsofsensibilityandculturethatrestonthelowerandfiercerpassions?
Howshallweproclaimfromthedizzyheightofthisstrange,weird,modernhousetopthepeacefulevangelofsentiment,ofbeauty,thecultofahigherlife?
Thisistheproblem;andwemustseekthesolutionofitinaprocessanalogoustoitsownevolutionindeed,acontinuationofitnamely,byproceedingstepbystepfromgeneraltospecialaspects,fromcoarsertofinerconsiderations.
Itismybeliefthatitisoftheveryessenceofeveryproblemthatiscontainsandsuggestsitsownsolution.ThisIbelievetobenaturallaw.Letusexamine,then,carefullytheelements,letussearchoutthiscontainedsuggestion,thisessenceoftheproblem.
Thepracticalconditionsare,broadlyspeaking,these:
Wanted1st,astorybelowground,containingboiler,enginesofvarioussorts,etc.inshort,theplantforpower,heating,lighting,etc.2nd,agroundfloor,socalled,devotedtostores,banks,orotherestablishmentsrequiringlargearea,amplespacing,amplelight,andgreatfreedomofaccess,3rd,asecondstoryreadilyaccessiblebystairwaysthisspaceusuallyinlargesubdivisions,withcorrespondingliberalityinstructuralspacingandexpanseofglassandbreadthofexternalopenings,4th,abovethisanindefinitenumberofstoriesofofficespiledtierupontier,onetierjustlikeanothertier,oneofficejustlikealltheotherofficesanofficebeingsimilartoacellinhoneycomb,merelyacompartment,nothingmore,5th,andlast,atthetopofthispileisplacedaspaceorstorythat,asrelatedtothelifeandusefulnessofthestructure,ispurelyphysiologicalinitsnaturenamely,theattic.Inthisthecirculatorysystemcompletesitselfandmakesitgrandturn,ascendinganddescending.Thespaceisfilledwithtanks,pipes,valves,sheaves,andmechanicaletceterathatsupplementandcomplementtheforceoriginatingplanthiddenbelowgroundinthecellar.Finally,oratthebeginningrather,theremustbeonthegroundflooramainapertureorentrancecommontoalltheoccupantsorpatronsofthebuilding.
Thistabulationis,inthemain,characteristicofeverytallofficebuildinginthecountry.Astothenecessaryarrangementsforlightcourts,thesearenotgermanetotheproblem,andaswillbecomesoonevident,Itrustneednotbeconsideredhere.Thesethings,andsuchothersasthearrangementofelevators,forexample,havetodostrictlywiththeeconomicsofthebuilding,andIassumethemtohavebeenfullyconsideredanddisposedoftothesatisfactionofpurelyutilitarianandpecuniarydemands.Onlyinrareinstancesdoestheplanorfloorarrangementofthetallofficebuildingtakeonanaestheticvalue,andthususuallywhenthelightingcourtisexternalorbecomesaninternalfeatureofgreatimportance.
AsIamhereseekingnotforanindividualorspecialsolution,butforatruenormaltype,theattentionmustbeconfinedtothoseconditionsthat,inthemain,areconstantinalltallofficebuildings,andeverymereincidentalandaccidentalvariationeliminatedfromtheconsideration,asharmfultotheclearnessofthemaininquiry.
Thepracticalhorizontalandverticaldivisionorofficeunitisnaturallybasedonaroomofcomfortableareaandheight,andthesizeofthisstandardofficeroomasnaturallypredeterminesthestandardstructuralunit,and,approximately,thesizeofwindowopenings.Inturn,thesepurelyarbitraryunitsofstructureforminanequallynaturalwaythetruebasisoftheartisticdevelopmentoftheexterior.Ofcoursethestructuralspacingsandopeningsinthefirstormercantilestoryarerequiredtobethelargestofall;thoseinthesecondorquasimercantilestoryareofasomewhatsimilarnature.Thespacingsandopeningsintheatticareofnoimportancewhatsoeverthewindowshavenoactualvalue,forlightmaybetakenfromthetop,andnorecognitionofacellulardivisionisnecessaryinthestructuralspacing.
Henceitfollowinevitably,andinthesimplestpossibleway,thatifwefollowournaturalinstinctswithoutthoughtofbooks,rules,precedents,oranysucheducationalimpedimentstoaspontaneousand"sensible"result,wewillinthefollowingmannerdesigntheexteriorofourtallofficebuildingtowit:
Beginningwiththefirststory,wegivethisaminentrancethatattractstheeyetoitlocation,andtheremainderofthestorywetreatinamoreorlessliberal,expansive,sumptuouswayawaybasedexactlyonthepracticalnecessities,butexpressedwithasentimentoflargenessandfreedom.Thesecondstorywetreatinasimilarway,butusuallywithmilderpretension.Abovethis,throughouttheindefinitenumberoftypicalofficetiers,wetakeourcuefromtheindividualcell,whichrequiresawindowwithitsseparatingpier,itsstillandlintel,andwe,withoutmoreado,makethemlookallalikebecausetheyareallalike.Thisbringsustotheattic,whichhavingnodivisionintoofficecells,andnospecialrequirementforlighting,givesusthepowertoshowbymeansofitsbroadexpanseofwall,anditsdominatingweightandcharacter,thatwhichisthefactnamely,thattheseriesofofficetiershascomedefinitelytoanend.
Thismayperhapsseemabaldresultandaheartless,pessimisticwayofstatingit,butevensowecertainlyhaveadvancedamostcharacteristicstagebeyondtheimaginedsinisterbuildingofthespeculatorengineerbuildercombination.Forthehandofthearchitectisnowdefinitelyfeltinthedecisivepositionatoncetaken,andthesuggestionofathoroughlysound,logical,coherentexpressionoftheconditionsisbecomingapparent.
WhenIsaythehandofthearchitect,Idonotmeannecessarilytheaccomplishedandtrainedarchitect.Imeanonlyamanwithastrong,naturallikingforbuildings,andadispositiontoshapetheminwhatseemstohisunaffectednatureadirectandsimpleway.Hewillprobablytreadaninnocentpathfromhisproblemtoitssolution,andthereinhewillshowanenviablegiftoflogic.Ifwehavesomegiftforformindetail,somefeelingforformpurelyandsimplyasform,someloveforthat,hisresultinadditiontoitsimplestraightforwardnaturalnessandcompletenessingeneralstatement,willhavesomethingoftemperamentandinterest.
However,thusfartheresultsareonlypartialandtentativeatbestrelativelytrue,theyarebutsuperficial.Wearedoubtlessrightinourinstinctbutwemustseekafullerjustification,afinersanction,forit.
Iassumenowthatinthestudyofourproblemwehavepassedthroughthevariousstagesofinquiry,asfollows:
1st,thesocialbasisofthedemandfortallbuildings;2nd,itsliteralmaterialsatisfaction;3rd,theelevationofthequestionfromconsiderationsofliteralplanning,construction,andequipment,totheplaneofelementaryarchitectureasadirectoutgrowthofsound,sensiblebuilding;4th,thequestionagainelevatedfromanelementaryarchitecturetothebeginningsoftruearchitecturalexpression,throughtheadditionofacertainqualityandquantityofsentiment.
ButourbuildingmayhavealltheseinaconsiderabledegreeandyetbefarfromthatadequatesolutionoftheproblemIamattemptingtodefine.Wemustnowheedqualityandquantityofsentiment.
Itdemandsofus,whatisthechiefcharacteristicofthetallofficebuilding?
Andatonceweanswer,itislofty.Thisloftinessistotheartistnatureitsthrillingaspect.Itistheveryopenorgantoneinitsappeal.Itmustbeinturnthedominantchardinhisexpressionofit,thetrueexcitantofhisimagination.Itmustbetall,everyinchofittall.Theforceandpowerofaltitudemustbeinit,thegloryandprideofexaltationmustbeinit.Itmustbeeveryinchaproudandsoaringthing,risinginsheerexultationthatfrombottomtotopitisaunitwithoutasingledissentinglinethatitisthenew,theunexpected,theeloquentperorationofmostbald,
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 土木工程 高层建筑 中英文 对照 外文 翻译 文献