07年职称英语考试综合类模拟试题及答案五.docx
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07年职称英语考试综合类模拟试题及答案五.docx
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07年职称英语考试综合类模拟试题及答案五
07年职称英语考试综合类模拟试题及答案(五)
一、单项选择题。
1.Techniquestoemploytheenergyofthesunarebeingdeveloped.
A)convert
B)store
C)utilize
D)receive
2.SincetheGreatDepression,theUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.
A)slight
B)surprising
C)sudden
D)harmful
3.Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.
A)conventionally
B)obviously
C)especially
D)inevitably
4.AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentoftheState.
A)aunity
B)adivision
C)anembassy
D)aninvitation
5.Wewereastonishedtohearthattheirfootballteamhadwonthechampion.
A)amazed
B)amounted
C)amused
D)approached
6.Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplaborinthiscountry.
A)asteady
B)aplentiful
C)anextra
D)astable
7.Alllivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainlogical,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.
A)asaresultof
B)considering
C)onpurpose
D)whatever
8.Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarceresources.
A)puzzling
B)difficult
C)terrifying
D)urgent
9.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbedeliberatelycontrolledandmodified.
A)sufficiently
B)noticeably
C)intentionally
D)absolutely
10.TheConstitutionsvaguenaturehasgivenittheflexibilitytobeadaptedwhencircumstanceschange.
A)imprecise
B)concise
C)unpolished
D)elementary
11.Theexpeditionreachedthesummitat10:
30thatmorning.
A)topofthemountain
B)bottomofthatmorning
C)startingpoint
D)site
12.Thelatestcensusisencouraging.
A)count
B)statement
C)agreement
D)estimate
13.Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversity'sofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnorduplicated.
A)borrowed
B)purchased
C)copied
D)rewritten
14.WhileservingintheSenateintheearly1970sBarbaraJordansupportedlegislationtobandiscriminationandtodealwithenvironmentproblems.
A)list
B)forbid
C)handle
D)investigate
15.GamblingislawfulinNevada.
A)legal
B)irresistible
C)enjoyable
D)profitable
二、综合题。
1.阅读判断
FermiProblem
OnaMondaymorninginJuly,theworld'sfirstatombombexplodedintheNewMexicodesert.Fortysecondslater,theshockwavesreachedthebasecampwheretheItalian-AmericanphysicistEnricoFermiandhisteamstood,afteramentalcalculation,Fermiannouncedtohisteamthatthebomb'senergyhadequated10,000tonsofTNT.Thebombteamwasimpressed,butnotsurprised.Fermi'sgeniuswasknownthroughoutthescientificworld.In1938hehadwonaNobelPrize.Fouryearslaterheproducedthefirstnuclearchainreaction(核链式反应),leadingusintothenuclearage.SinceFermi'sdeathin1954,nophysicisthasbeenatonceamasterexperimentalistandaleadingtheoretician.
Likeallvirtuosos(艺术品鉴赏家),Fermihadadistinctivestyle.Hepreferredthemostdirectroutetoananswer.Hewasverygoodatdividingdifficultproblemsintosmall,manageablebits—talentweallcanuseinourdailylives.
Todevelopthistalentinhisstudents,FermiwouldsuggestatypeofquestionnowknownasaFermiproblem.Uponfirsthearingoneofthese,youhaven'ttheremotestnotionoftheanswer,andyoufeelcertainthattoolittleinformationhadbeengiventosolveit.Yetwhentheproblemisbrokenintosub-problems,eachanswerablewithoutthehelpofexpertsorbooks,youcancomeclosetotheexactsolution.
SupposeyouwanttodetermineEarth'scircumference(圆周长)withoutlookingitup.EveryoneknowsthatNewYorkandLosAngelesareabout3000milesapartandthatthetimedifferencebetweenthemisthreehours.Threehoursifone-eighthofaday,andadayisthetimeittakestheplanettocompleteonerotation(公转),soitscircumferencemustbeeighttimes3000or24000miles.Thisanswerdiffersfromthetruevalue,24,902.45miles,bylessthanfourpercent.
UltimatelythevalueofdealingwitheverydayproblemsthewayFermididliesintherewardsofmakingindependentdiscoveriesandinventions.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherthediscoveryisasimportantasdeterminingthepowerofanatomorassmallasmeasuringthedistancebetweenNewYorkandLosAngeles.Lookinguptheanswer,orlettingsomeoneelsefindit,deprivesyouofthepleasureandpridethataccompanycreativity,anddeprivesyouofanexperiencethatbuildsupself-confidence.Thus,approachingpersonaldilemmas(困境)asFermiproblemscanbecomeahabitthatenrichesyoulife.
16.Fermi'steamwasimpressedbyFermi'sannouncementinthebasecampbecausehecouldevenworkoutthepoweroftheatombombinhismind.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
17.Fermi,anexperimentalistaswellasatheoretician,wonaNobelPrizeforproducingthefirstnuclearchainreactionintheworld.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
18.DividingabigproblemintosmallproblemsisatalentFermihadandatalentthathaspracticalvalueinlife.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
19.Fermiproblemistodevelopthetalentofbreakingaseeminglyunanswerableproblemintosub-problemsandfindingthesolutiontoit,whichisatypicalFermiproblem.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
20.ThenthefourthparagraphtellsushowFermisolvedtheproblemofearth'scircumferencewithoutlookingup.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
21.Thelastparagraphconcludesthewholewritingbystressingthevalueofimportantinventionsandsmalldiscoveries.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
22.Fermiwasfamousforinventingadevicetocalculatebomb'senergyaccurately.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
2.概括大意与完成句子
Blastsfromthepast
1Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory.Notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedout1ifewithgreaterease.
2PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.
3Wignallcalculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesbycomparingtheproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.
4ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime.Andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.
5Yet60millionyearsagointhelatePalaeocenetherewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears,"Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,"Wignallsays.HeignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaursattheendoftheCretaceous,65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.
6WignallthinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.Oceanchemistrymayalsohaveplayedarole.Asthesupercontinentsbrokeupandexposedmorecoastlinetheremayhavebeenmoreweatheringofsilicarocks.Thiswouldhaveencouragedthegrowthofphytoplanktonintheoceans,increasingmeamountofCO2absorbedfromtheatmosphere.
7VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthatWignallsideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.
8Courtillotalsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuch1avaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthat1avavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideorsulphurdioxideemissions.
23.Paragraph2_____________
24.Paragraph3_____________
25.Paragraph4_____________
26.Paragraph5_____________
AKillingPowerofAncientVolcanicEruptions
BAssociationofMassExtinctionswithVolcanicEruptions
CCalculationoftheKillingPowerofOlderEruptions
DAMassExtinction
EVolcanicEruptionsThatCausednoMassExtinction
FAccountingfortheKillingPowerofOlderEruptions
27.Oldereruptionsweremoredevastating_____________.
28.ThePermianextinctionisusedtoillustrate__________.
29.Thecauseoftheextinctionofdinosaurs____________.
30.Courtillotrejects_______________________________.
Athanmorerecentones
Bthekillingefficiencyforoldereruptions
Chasremainedcontroversial
DWignallscalculationsasacceptable
Ehasbeenknowntousall
Fhisideas
3.阅读理解
(一)
FortyMayBetheNew30asScientistsRedefineAge
Is40reallythenew30?
Inmanywayspeopletodayactyoungerthantheirparentsdidatthesameage.
Scientistshavedefinedanewageconceptandbelieveitcouldexplainwhypopulationsareaging,butatthesametimeseemtobegettingyoun
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