10钻井作业 环境保护.docx
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10钻井作业 环境保护.docx
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10钻井作业环境保护
10EnvironmentalProtection
10.1General
Everypersonnelatrigsitehavetheresponsibilitytoprotectenvironmentandpreventitfrompollution.Allemployeeshavetheresponsibilitytoworkinanenvironment-friendlymanner.Managersandsupervisorsshallensurethattherequiredsystemsandproceduresareinplaceandtobeusedwhiletherestoftheworkforceisobligatedtocomplywiththeseguidelinesfaithfullyandconsistently.
TheworkonenvironmentalprotectiongenerallyshouldbeinaccordancewiththeEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA).TheEIAreportapprovedbythelocalgovernmentshouldbeofferedbytheclient.AndexpenserelatedtoenvironmentalprotectioninEIAreportshouldbepaidbytheclient.
ThecontentofEIAreportisbrieflyintroducedinsection10.2,Thepracticeswhicharetakentoeliminatetheinfluenceanddamagetolocalenvironmentduringthedrillingoperationsareintroducedfromsection10.3tosection10.10,includingthehandlingofmud,cuttingsandchemicalsusedinwelldrilling,solidwastemanagement,wastewaterdisposalandwaterresourcesconservation,exhaustemissionandatmosphereconservation,ecologicalconservationandrigsiterestoration,etc.DrillingoperationshouldbeperformedinaccordancewiththeEIAreport.
Proceduresareputforwardhereinasareferenceandremindertodrillingpersonneltomakethembeawareoftheenvironmentprotectionatalltimes.
10.2EvironmentalImpactAssessement(EIA)
EIAshouldbeperformedbytheclientaccordingtothecontractoractualcondition.
EIAisgenerallyperformedatthefeasibilitystudystageoftheproject.
IfthereisanEIAguidelinefromlocalgovernment,theguidelineshallbefollowedduringtheEIAprocess.Ifthereisnosuchguidelineinlocalplace,relevantinternationalpracticesandstandardsshallbeapplied.
ThecontentofEIAreportshouldincludebutnotlimitedtothefollowingitems:
-Theprefaceshallgiveashortdescriptionwhytheimpactassessmenthasbeenpreparedandwhoisresponsibleforit.
-Thesummaryshallbewrittenclearlywithoutusingtechnicallanguagetocommunicatewiththegovernmentalauthority.ThemainobjectisthatthegovernmentalauthorityshallbeabletoproperlyunderstandthefindingsandrecommendationsoftheEIAteamsothattheycanbewell-informedandtakeacorrectdecisionpromptly.
-IntroductionshoulddealwiththepurposeofEIAandbrieflycommentonthelegislationrequirementsrelated.Projectbackground,adoptedmethods,administrativeprocedureandtimescheduleofEIAshouldbeputforward.
-Legalrequirementsshouldbrieflydescribethelocalenvironmentallaws,regulationsandotherrequirementsapplicableintheoperationalarea.Inadditionthereshallbealistofnecessarypermitsandlicensesrequiredfromtheauthoritiesinconnectionwiththeproject.
-Theimpactsthatmayhaveadverseeffectsontheenvironment,thetypesofpollutionthatmaybecausedbyallconceivableaccidentsduringnormaloperationsandthechanceofsuchaccidentsshouldbeidentifiedandscreenedintheareawheretheprojectwillbecarriedout.
-Environmentalbaselinestudyshouldgivetheoriginalstatusoftheenvironmentinthearea.Thedatashouldinclude:
-Physicalenvironment
-Biologicalenvironment
-Socialenvironment
-EIAshallgivethesignificancedescriptionofeachidentifiedenvironmentalelementaftertheevaluationaccordingtotheassessmentcriteriafromthelegalandotherrequirementsbasedontheresultsfrombaselinestudy:
-Theshort-termandlong-termeffectsofdrillingoperationonlocalenvironment,includinggeologicaltopography,watercircumstance,vegetation,wildlife,aquicolousanimalsandplants,atmosphere,soil,etc.,especiallyfortheenvironment-sensitiveareas,anditshouldexplainwhichcanberestoredandwhichcannot.
-Theinfluenceofdrillingoperationonsocialcircumstanceincludessociety,economy,culture,historicsite,etc.Theanalysesontheshort-termandlong-termeconomicbenefitsshouldbeemphasized.
-Inparticular,itshoulddefinehowpollutionwillaffectpeoplethroughpollutedenvironmentandwhowillsufferfromparticularharmfulnessfromthepollution.
-Makeaqualitativeoraquantitativeforecasttotheenvironmentalinfluenceproducedinthefuturebyadoptingsomeassessmentmode.
-Studytheconsequenceoftheriglocations,productionprocesses,purificationmeasuresandwaysofrecoveringwastewhichhavebeenchangedandreasonsforthesolutionschosen.
-Explainhowtheactivitywillbeintegratedintotheoverallandlocaldevelopmentplanofthearea,andifrelevant,howitwillrestrictfutureplanning.
-MitigationmeasuresshalldescribetherecommendedmitigationmeasuresaccordingtotheresultsofEIA.Puttingforwardsomefeasiblesubstitutive(possiblealternative)blueprintandprecautionaryandcurable,remedialmeasuresaswellasmeasuresofreusinganddisposingwastes.
10.3HandlingofDrillingCuttingsandMud
Drillingcuttingsandmudarethemainwasteatrigsite,alsoincludingwashingwaterandproducedwater.
Mudshouldbehandledwithcautionaccordingtothecontract.Somespecialconsiderationandarrangementshouldbegiventothemudcontainingpoisonousmaterialsorotherpossiblepollutions.
-Apropermudpitshouldbebuiltbeforetheoperationandthepitshouldbebuiltonthesteadyplacewithenoughstoragecapacitytopreventspill.
-Mudshouldberecycledforreuseaftertreatment.
-Ifthenatureofthemudisunfitforuse,itshouldbetransportedtothedesignatedsitefordisposal.
-Thesuperfluousblendedwaterormudandanyspillsshouldbecollectedinthewastewaterpitbychannelsorotherways.
-Wastewaterdisposalsystemshouldbebuiltwhichincludesdrillingcuttingspits,sewagechannelsandmuddisposalequipment,etc.
-Neverdirectlydischargethewashingwaterafterwashingrigtables,rigtoolsandequipments,asithasbeenpollutedbyoil.Itshouldbedirectedintoastockpitandreusedtowashrigtablesorpreparemudafterthecleaningtreatment.
-Thecoolingwaterofdrivingequipmentsandwaterbrakesshouldbecycledtosavewater.Waterwhichcannotberecycledshouldbedischargeddirectlywithoutbeingpollutedbyoilandmud.
-Thewaterusedfortestingshouldbecollectedintanks,itcanbedischargedintosoilaftertheoilhasbeensievedandthetestresulthasmetthedischargestandard.
-Themudinthewastepitshouldberegularlypumpedtotheappointedsitefordisposalaccordingtolocalcondition.
-Theequipmentforhandingmudshouldbecheckedregularlytoavoidleakage.
-Allthewaterfromwelltestoperationsmustbeproperlydisposed.
Afterdrillingoperation,themudshouldbetreatedproperlyaccordingtothelocalcondition.
-Reinjectionofproducedwaterisoneofdisposalmethodsatrigsiteontheconditionthatthepermissionfromthelocalauthoritiesisrequiredandgoodexperienceandequipmentareavailabletoavoidpollutiontothegroundwater.
-Mudshouldbetransportedtotheauthorizedplacefordisposalasperthecontract.
-Ifpossible,themudcouldbepumpedintoannulusesbetweentwocasingstringstogetdischargedorintoamudpittogetdriedunderthesun-shine,andthenburiedintothesoil.
-Cleaneddrillcuttingscanbeusedasroadbedmaterialorlandfillcover.
10.4HandlingofChemicals
Correctuseofallchemicalsatrigsitewillposenothreattoenvironment,whilemisuse,improperstorageand/ordisposalmaycauseseriousandlong-termadverseeffectsontheair,waterandsoil.Manyareasaroundtheworldhavedefiniteregulationsforchemicalmanagement,whichshouldbeusedasreferencebeforeusinganychemicals.Intheareaswheretherearenospecificregulationsofusingchemicals,thefollowingguidelinesshouldbefollowed.
-AcentralizedstorageareashouldbedesignedforstoringallchemicalsandallhazardoussubstanceshallbestoredinaccordancewiththerequirementspecifiedinMSDS.Thedrillingandtransportcrewmustatalltimesbeawareofthetypesandquantityofchemicalshandledandtheplacewherethechemicalsarelocated.
-Ensureallchemicalcontainers,includingsacks,cans,drums,tanks,etc.,bekeptintactandnoleakage.Containersshouldbeinspectedatleastonceeverymonth.
-Bothavailableandunavailablechemicalsshallbelabeledatalltimesandthelabelsshallbeclearanddefinite.
-Thefloorofthechemicalstorageareashallbeimpermeabletomaterials.Protectivebarrieragainstsunlight,rainwaterandextremetemperaturesshouldbesetuptoprotectchemicals’naturefromchange.Thestorageareashouldbe10%greaterthanthelargestallowablevolume.
-Warningsignsshallbepostedclearlyonvisibleplacesandshowthepropermeasureintheeventofaccidentsorcasualties.
-Ensureallthecontainersareingoodcondition,sealedandwithoutspillingduringtransportation.
-Ensureallchemicalspillsbecleanedupimmediately,andcontaminatedsoilproperlyhandled.
-Ensureallthewastecontainersarenottobediscardedhereandtherefortheremnantmayvolatilizeandpollutetheairorbedissolvedbyrainwatertopollutethesoilandwater.
-Thepurchaseofchemicalsshouldbelimitedtoasfewappointedpersonsaspossible.Thepersonnelwhooftencontactwithchemicalsshouldknowaboutthehandingprocedureincaseofchemicalspill.
-AllchemicalsusedatrigsiteshallhaveaMSDSavailabletoallrelevantpersonnelwhomaybeexposedtohazardouschemicalsduringtheirwork.AnynewpurchasedchemicalsshallhaveMSDSattachedtothechemical.IfnoMSDSisavailable,theproductshallnotbeuseduntiltheMSDSinformationisprovided.
-Efficientplanningcouldensure
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