初中英语语法.docx
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初中英语语法.docx
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初中英语语法
一.一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生或反复发生的动作。
常用频度副词sometimes,often,always,usually,seldom及表示时间的短语everyday\night\week\month\year,inthemorning\afternoon\evening,atnight作状语。
如:
Shevisitshergrandmaeveryday.她每天都去看她的奶奶。
Heoftenstaysuplate.他经常熬夜。
(2)表示现在的情况或状态。
如:
PeterwritesgoodChinesebutdoesnotspeakwell.
彼得的汉字写得不错,讲得可就不行。
(3)表示客观存在及普遍的真理。
如:
Summerfollowsspring.春天之后是夏天。
Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东边升起。
谓语结构:
主语(I,We,You,They)
主语(He,She,It)
肯定句
动词原形
第三人称单数形式
否定句
Don’t+动词原形
Doesn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句
Do+主语+动词原形
Does+主语+动词原形
1.肯定句:
I\We\You\Theyliveinasmallhouse.
He\She\Itlivesinasmallhouse.
2.否定句:
I\We\You\Theyplaybasketballatschool.
He\Sheplaysbasketballatschool.
3.一般疑问句:
Doyou\We\I\Theyhavebreakfastat7:
00?
Doeshe\shehasbreakfastat7:
00?
动词第三人称单数的构成
1.直接加”s”
Look---looksplay---plays
2.以辅音字母加y结尾,去y改i加”es”
Fly---fliesstudy---studies
3.以sh,ch,s,x,o结尾加”es”
Guess---guesseswash----washes
谓语结构(谓语为be)
am,is,are,后不再有其它行为动词
肯定句
Iam……He\She\Itis……
We\You\Theyare……
否定句
Iamnot……He\She\Itisnot……
We\You\Theyarenot……
一般疑问句
Areyou\we\they……?
Ishe\she\it…….?
1.肯定句:
Iamastudent.
He\She\isastudent.
We\You\Theyareinclassonegradeseven.
2.否定句:
Iamnotastudent.
He\She\isnotastudent.
We\You\Theyarenotinclassonegradeseven.
3.一般疑问句:
AmIastudent?
Ishe\sheastudent?
Arewe\you\theyinclassonegradeseven?
一、单选
1.Jenny____inanoffice.Herparents____inahospital.
A.work,worksB.works,workC.work,areworkingD.isworking,work
2.Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat.
A.haveB.thereisC.thereareD.has
3.Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.
A.don'trainB.didn'trainC.doesn'trainD.isn'train
4.Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.
A.rose;setB.rises;setsC.rises,setD.rise;sets
5.WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.
A.like;listenB.likes;listensC.like;arelisteningD.liking;listen
6.Jenny____Englisheveryevening.
A.hasstudyB.studiesC.studyD.studied
二、填空
1.IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_____(come)tovisit.
2._____yoursister_____(know)English?
3.Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.
4.Where_____you____(have)luncheveryday?
5.Who_____(want)togoswimming?
6.______she_____(do)thehouseworkeveryday?
7.JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon.
二.现在进行时
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。
如:
Thekidsareplayingbadminton.孩子们正在打羽毛球。
Itissnowingheavily.雪下得很大。
(2)表示现在这个阶段正在发生的事情(但是说话的时候不一定正在进行)如:
Weareseeingthesightsofthecity.
我们在城里观光。
(说话时不一定在观光)
Heisteachinginamiddleschool.
他在一所中学教书。
(目前阶段在进行的动作)
句型:
1.肯定形式:
主语+be(am,is,are)+doing+其它成分
如:
Iamsinging.
They\We\Youarewriting.
He\Sheisdancing.
2.否定形式:
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+doing+其它成分
如:
Iamnotsinging.
They\We\Youarenotwriting.
He\Sheisnotdancing.
3.一般疑问句及回答:
be(am,is,are)+主语+doing+其它成分
如:
AmIsinging?
Yes,youare.\No,youarenot.
Aretheywriting?
Yes,theyare.\No,theyarenot.
Ishe\shedancing?
Yes,he\sheis.\No,he\sheisnot.
4.特殊疑问句及回答:
特殊疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+doing+其它成分
如:
Whatareyoudoing?
Weareplayingbasketball.
Whataretheydoing?
Theyareplayingchess.
现在分词的构成:
1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加—ing
如:
catch---catchingdrink---drinkingdo---doing
2.以---e结尾的动词,去掉---e,再加---ing
如:
come---cominghave---havingmake---making
3.如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加---ing
再加---inglet---lettingput---puttingrun---running
4.如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加---ing
如:
forget---forgettingupset---upsettingprefer---preferring
5.以---ic结尾的动词,应先把---ic变为---ick,再加---ing
如:
panic---panickingpicnic---picnicking
6.特殊变化要牢记
如:
lie---lyingdie---dyingtie---tying
一、选择
1.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.
A.jumpingB.runningC.ridingDtakeing
2.Thechildren_____football.
A.isplayingB.areplayingC.playtheD.playa
3.Listen!
She____intheclassroom.
A.issingingB.singC.tosingD.issing
4.______areyoueating?
I’meating______meat.
A.What,someB.Which,anyC.Where,notD.What,a
5.Isshe____something?
A.eatB.eatingC.eattingD.eats
二、用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1.______you__________(fly)akite?
2.______you___________(sit)intheboat?
3.______he_____________(talk)withme?
4.We_______________(play)footballnow.
5.What_________you__________(do)?
三.一般将来时
(1)表示将要发生的事,常与tomorrow,tomorrowmorning\afternoon…,nextyear,nextmonth…等时间状语连
如:
Wewillknowtheresulttomorrow.明天我们就知道结果了。
Ishall\willdoabetterjobnexttime.下次我要干得更好些。
句型:
begoingto+动词原形(主语通常是人,在被动结构中,主语也可指物)
如:
WhatareyougoingtodonextSaturday?
下星期天你打算干什么?
Thewallisgoingtobebrushedwhite.这面墙将刷成白色。
构成:
1.肯定句:
主语+be(am,is,are)goingto+动词原形+其它成分
MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐准备明年学英语。
2.否定句:
主语+be(am,is,are)notgoingto+动词原形+其它成分
Iamnotgotogotothecinematonight.我今晚不打算去看电影。
3.一般疑问句:
Be(am,is,are)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其它成分?
Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?
你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?
4.特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
Whereareyougoingtospendyoursummerholiday?
暑假你打算在哪里过?
Will\shall+动词原形(在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)
如:
Ishallwriteyoualetternextmonth.我下个月给你写信。
Mysisterwillgotomyhometownnextweek.我姐姐下周回老家。
1.肯定句:
I\Weshall\willgo.
You\He\She\Theywillgo.
2.否定句:
I\Weshall\willnotgo.
You\He\She\Theywillnotgo.
3.一般疑问句:
ShallI\Wego?
Willyou\he\she\theygo?
一.选择。
( )1.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.
A.willwatching B.watches C.iswatching D.isgoingtowatch
( )2.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.
A.shallbe B.willbe C.shallgoingtobe D.willgoingtobe
( )3.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.
A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhaving D.isgoingtohave
( )4.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?
A.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrow
C.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows
四.一般过去时
(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或所处的状态。
常与yesterday,lastweek,in1989,justnow,amomentago,theotherday等连用。
如:
Imetyourbrotherafewdaysago.前几天我碰到你哥哥了。
Ithappenedaminuteago.那是一分钟前发生的事情。
(2)在过去一段时间内发生的经常性或习惯性的动作。
句子中常带有everyday,often,usually,always,sometimes.如:
Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.
我们小时候经常一起玩。
Tobe
第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was,其余人称用were.
Todo(行为动作)
行为动词的过去式有两种形式,一类是规则动词,另一类是不规则动词。
Tohave
个人称单、复数一律用had.
1.肯定句:
be:
I\she\he\itwas……
We\you\theywere…….
Have:
I\she\he\it\We\you\theyhad……
行为动词:
I\she\he\it\We\you\theystudied…….
2.否定句:
be:
I\she\he\itwasnot……
We\you\theywerenot…….
Have:
I\she\he\it\We\you\theyhadnot……
行为动词:
I\she\he\it\We\you\theydidnotstudy…….
3.一般疑问句:
be:
WasI\she\he\it……?
Werewe\you\they…….
Have:
HadI\she\he\it\We\you\they……?
行为动词:
DidI\she\he\it\We\you\theystudy…….?
1.规则动词过去式构成有四条规则:
(1)一般在动词原形末尾直接加—ed如:
look---looked
(2)以不发音字母—e结尾的动词,去—e再加—ed如:
live—lived
(3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加—ed
如:
stop—stopped
(4)末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变—y为---i,然后再加—ed
如:
study---studied
2.不规则动词的过去式需特特殊记忆
如:
am(is)---was,are---were,go---went
一般过去式的几种句型
1.肯定句句型:
主语+动词过去式+其它成分
Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。
2.否定句句型:
主语+didnot+动词原形+其它成分
Hedidnotgotothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天没有去玩具店了。
3.一般过去式疑问句句型:
Did+主语+动词过去式+其它成分?
Didhegotothetoystoreyesterday?
他昨天有去玩具店吗?
4.一般过去式特殊疑问句:
疑问词+did+主语+动词过去式+其它成分?
Whatdidyoudolastnight?
你昨晚在干什么?
一、选择
( )1. My father______ill yesterday.
A. isn't B. aren't C. wasn't D. weren't
( )2. ______your parents at home last wee
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
( )3. The twins______in Dalian last year. They______here now.
A. are; were B. were; are C. was; are D. were; was
( )4. ______your father at work the day_____yesterday(前天)
A. Was; before B. Is; before C. Was; after D. Is; after
( )5. —Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—______.
A. I am B. I was C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't
二、请用正确动词形式填空。
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday?
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
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