土木工程项目管理的实现毕业设计外文资料翻译.docx
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土木工程项目管理的实现毕业设计外文资料翻译.docx
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土木工程项目管理的实现毕业设计外文资料翻译
毕业设计外文资料翻译
题目土木工程项目管理的实现
学院土木建筑学院
专业土木工程
班级土木1108
学生
学号***********
指导教师
二〇一五年三月六日
FACTAUNIVERSITATIS
Series:
ArchitectureandCivilEngineeringVol.4,No2,2006,pp.85-89
CIVILENGINEERINGPROJECTSREALIZATION
MANAGEMENT
SlobodanMirković
UniversityofNiš,
FacultyofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,
Serbia
Abstract:
Thepapertreatsthemanagementoftherealizationofcivilengineeringprojectsorcivilengineeringbuildingsconstructionmanagement,asacomplexdynamicprocess,whichentailsalargenumberofstrategicandoperativedecisionswhichareimportantforanefficient,costeffective,andeconomicconstruction.Themanagementprocessexecutionisnotpossiblewithoutthefunctionssuchasplanning,organizing,coordinationandcontrol.Planning,astheinitialfunction,importantfortheforecastofthefutureevents,tasksandgoals,isrenderedmuchsimplerbytheapplicationofcomputersandsoftwarepackages.Suchsoftwarepackagesfacilitatetheintegralmanagement,planning,realization,aswellascontrolofthecourseofrealizationofcivilengineeringprojects,thatistheentirecourseofcivilengineeringbuildingsconstruction.ThemostfrequentprogramsinthisapplicationaretheScheduler,PrimaVeraandProject.TheexperienceacquiredintheapplicationofthesesoftwarepackageshasshownthatthebestresultsincivilengineeringhavebeenattainedbythesoftwarepackagePROJECT2003.
Keywords:
Project,softwarepackages,managementprocess,organizationprojectandbuildingtechnology.
INTRODUCTION
Startingfromthefactthattherealizationofcivilengineeringprojectsorconstructionofcivilengineeringbuildingsisaverycomplexdynamicalprocess,affectedbyanextremelylargenumberoffactorswhichareconstantorstochasticincharacter,itcanbestatedthatthestructurerealization,thatisconstruction,ispossibleonlywithmakingtimelyandcorrectdecisions,andwithadoptionofmostefficientmethodsandwaysofmanagementandrealization.
Accordingtothepreviousstatement,themanagementoftherealizationofcivilengineeringprojectsthatismanagementofbuildingconstruction,isregardedasadynamicalprocessofdecisionmaking,abouttheactivitieswhichimprovethefunctioninganddevelopmentofcivilengineeringproduction,asamacrosystem,havinginmindtheavailablescopeofrelevantinformation.Themanagementisperformedthroughtherealizationoffourbasicfunctions,whichare:
planning,organization,coordinationandcontrol.
Planningisthebasicinitialfunctionwhichdeterminesthegoals,tasks,plansandprograms,butalsothestrategicdecisionsandwaysfortheirmostefficientrealization.Initsessence,thegoalofplanningistoforecastthefutureevents(thosethatcanbeactedupon;thosethatcanbepartiallyacteduponandthosewhichcanbeacteduponindistantfuture).
Organizationasafunctionhasagoalofcreatingandshapingoftheappropriaterealizationororganizationalsystemwiththeappropriatestructuralelements,whichiscapabletorealize,inanoptimalway,theplannedgoalsandtasks,formedbytheplanning.
Coordinationasafunctionhasagoaltodirectandconnecttheelementsoforganizationalsystem.Inessence,itcanberegardedastheoperationalmanagementwhenperformingorputtingintopracticetheplannedgoalsandtasks.
Controlasafunctionhasagoaltoperformcontroloftheresultsobtainedonthebasisoftheactionoftheorganizationalsystem,bytherealizationoftheadopteddecisions,goals,tasks.Itcontrolstheregularityofusageorconsumptionoftheengagedresources,labor,finances,soitisregardedatthesametimeasameansoffeedbackrecording,andofcollectinginformationimportantforthedecisionmakingprocess.
Managementofcivilengineeringprojectscanhavedifferentaspects,primarilyinformational,organizational,economic,production-technicalbutalsosocial.
Asuccessfulmanagementofcivilengineeringprojectsrealizationrequiresknowledgeofthecivilengineeringproduction,itscomplexityandspecificsinrespecttootherkindsofproduction.Thebasicspecificsofthecivilengineeringproductionreflectinuniquenessandcharacterofwork;inkindanddimensionsofcivilengineeringbuildingsregardedastheresultsofwork;inthefinalproductsbeinginseparatefromthelocation;intheuniversalityandmobilityofthecapacities;intheactionofvariableclimate-meteorological,topographic,geological-geomechanical,hydrologicalandotherconditions.
BUILDINGCONSTRUCTIONANDTECHNOLOGYPROJECT–BASISOF
CIVILENGINEERINGPROJECTSREALIZATIONMANAGEMENT
Civilengineeringprojectsrealizationmanagementorbuildingconstructionmanagementrequiresmakingtimelyandcorrectdecisionswhichbringabouthighefficiency,costeffectiveness,economyandproductivityofcivilengineeringproductionintheconditionsofsignificantinstabilityorstochasticcharacterofexecution.Inthiswaytheactionofdestabilizingfactorsisforestalledandthebuildingproductionisincreased;thehigherstabilityandaccumulationcapacityareincreased;thequalityofconstructionisimproved;theconstructiontimeisdecreased;theworkingconditionsareimproved;theconstructionworksareincreasinglyautomatizedandmechanizedandtheprofessionalskillsandqualificationlevelsoftheconstructionworkersareenhanced.Attainmentofthesegoalsisonlypossibleifthebuildingconstructionisorganizedonthebasisofthescientificconstructionorganization,onthebasisofthecontemporarymethodsandtechnologies,contemporaryplanningmethods,inoneword,onthebasisofqualitypreparationsofconstructionworks.Allthementionedbasicsoughttobetakenintoconsiderationandincorporatedinthecontemporarybuildingconstructionandtechnologyprojects,whichshouldincludeanintegralresearchoftheconstructionsituationorconditions;andintegralstudyofthetechnologicalprocesses;planning;optimizationandadequatedimension-ingoftheproductionandstoragefacilities,temporarycommunicationlines(roads),infrastructurenetwork,etc.Thestaticanddynamicplanninghasacentralplaceintheconstructionorganizationandtechnologyprojects.ItiseffectedthroughtheapplicationofcontemporarymethodsofstaticanddynamicplanningwiththewideapplicationofcomputersandmodernprogrampackagessuchasProject;PrimaVera,Scheduler,etc.
Alltheseprogramsmaketheintegralprojectmanagementpossible,thatis,theyoffergreatoptionsindirectingandcoordinationoftheactivities,resourcesandconstructiontimeinthecourseofbuildingconstruction.
Thefundamentalissueofalltheprogramsisthattheyfacilitatethetimeplanningofaproject;control,adjustmentofresourcesandcontrolofexpenses.
Intheframeworkoftimeplanningandprojectduration,theyarrangetheactivities;improveandupdatethenetwork;controlthenetworkserviceability;networknumbering;calculationoftimeparametersandappropriatereservesregardingthedurationofactivitiesandtheadoptedtimetable.Thetimeplanningreportsaregivenintheformoftabularandgraphicrepresentationsofnetworkplans,bargraphsofnetworkplans,engagedlabor,machineryandfinanceshistograms.Duringcontrolandadjustmentofresources,theydistributeandmonitoralargenumberofresourcesaccordingtotheactivitiesandprovidetheiroptimalusage.Outofthereportsreferringtothecontrolandadjustmentofresources,theyprovidetheappropriatehistogramsofreallyusedandadjustedresourcesintheformofthedynamicusageplansoftheresearchedresources.
Inthefieldofcalculationandcontrolofcosts,theyautomaticallycalculatethefinancesbytheactivities,andcumulative.Fromthereportsrelatedtothecosts,theyproducetheappropriatehistogramsofcostsandtabularreportsaboutexpensesbydays,weeks,monthsandyears(uponrequest).TheexperienceinapplicationofsomeprogrampackagessuchasScheduler,PrimaVeraandProject,haveshownthatthecontemporaryrequirementsofcivilengineeringproductionfindstheprogrampackageProject2003themostsuitablefromvariousreasons,themostimportantbeing:
quickaccesstoalltheprogramelements(activities;resources;course,reports);simpleentryoftherequireddata;quickandautomaticcalculationofallthechangesenteredduringtheprocessing;simpleadjustmentofresources;quantityofworkortimedurationofanactivity;simplemanagementwithknownconnection(SF:
SS:
FF)withtheknowntypesofactivitieswithestimatedduration;withfixedunits;orwithfixedwork;easyusageofthemostofactivitycombinationswitthefixedquantityofwork(intensity);forinstancetheactivitieswiththefixedunitsinthefixedquantityofwork-intensity;activitieswithfixedunits;activitieswithfixedworkinfixedquantityofwork–intensity;activitieswithfixedduration;activitieswithfixeddurationinfixedquantityofwork–intensity.Forinstance,theprogrampackagePrimaVerautilizesonlyfourcombinations,andthoseare:
activitieswithfixedunitsinfixedquantityofwork–intensity;activitieswithfixedunits/time;activitieswithfixedunits;activitieswithfixeddurationandunits;activitieswithfixedunitsandunits/time.
Apartfromotherthings,oneshouldpointoutthatthereportsarewellconceivedandorganized.
CONCLUSIONS
Fastandefficientconstructionofcivilengineeringstructuresisnowadayshardlyfeasiblewithouttheorganizationandbuildingtechnologyprojects,whichincludealltherelevantelementsofworkwhichareimportantfortheeconomicalandcost-effectivebuilding.Oneofthemost
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