现代大学英语精读6第二版教师用书unit.docx
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现代大学英语精读6第二版教师用书unit.docx
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现代大学英语精读6第二版教师用书unit
Unit3
WhatIsNews?
NeilPostmanandStevePowers
StructureoftheText
PartI(Para.1)
Inthisbeginningparagraph,theauthorsstatethepurposeoftheessay.
PartII(Para.2)
Somepeoplemightdefinethenewsaswhattelevisiondirectorsandjournalistssay
itis.Theauthors,however,thinkthatthisdefinitionistoosimplistic.
PartIII(Paras.3–5)
Intheseparagraphs,theauthorsexplainwhythenewscannotbesimplydefinedas
“whathappenedthatday”or“whathappenedthatdaythatwasimportantand
interesting”.
PartIV(Paras.6–11)
Intheseparagraphs,theauthorstellreadersthatthenewsismoreoftenmaderather
thangathered,anditismadeonthebasisofwhatthejournalistthinksimportant
orwhatthejournalistthinkstheaudiencethinksisimportant.Therefore,every
newsstoryisareflectionofthereporterwhotellsthestory.
PartV(Paras.12–15)
Intheseparagraphs,theauthorspointoutthattomakesenseofthenews,theviewer
hastoknowsomethingaboutthejournalist'spoliticalbeliefsaswellashis
prejudices,interests,andquirkswhichare,inturn,influencedbyhisfinancial
status,thecompanieshehasworkedfor,theschoolshewentto,thebookshehas
read,etc.
PartVI(Paras.16–17)
Intheseparagraphs,theauthorspointoutthatthejournalistcannotalwaysimpose
his/herviewsonthegeneralpublicbecausethetelevisionchannelornewspaper
cannotsurviveunlessthenewstheyprovidesatisfiestheneedsofthegeneralpublic.
Ontheotherhand,theviewer/readermustalsotakeintoaccounthisorher
relationshiptoalargeraudiencebecausetelevisionandnewspapersaremassmedia
andtheirnewsisnotintendedforanaudienceofone.
PartVII(Paras.18–20)
Intheseparagraphs,theauthorsdiscusssomeotherpossibledefinitionsofnews:
reveals
thatinstructivesomethingasnewspleasure;peoplegivetosomethingasnews
themores,values,andidealsofasociety;newsaslivinghistory;newsasasource
ofliterature;newsasareflectionofhumanpain,suffering,tragediesandconfusion;
newsassomethingtoinspirepeopleandmakethemoptimistic;newsassomethingto
frightenpeopleandmakethemawareoftheseamysideofthereality;lastbutnot
least,newsasafillerbetweencommercials.
PartVIII(Para.21)Inthisparagraph,theauthorsconcludetheessaybyreiteratingtheirpurposein
Itistoarouseourinterestandhelpusews?
”raisingtheissue“Whatisntheevenmotivations,andunderstandtheproblems,limitations,traditions,
delusionsofthetelevisionnewsindustry.
DetailedStudyoftheTextit,consideredtelevisionunlessaviewerhas1.Weturntothisquestionbecause
forheorsheisindangeroftooeasilyacceptingsomeoneelse'sdefinition—example,adefinitionsuppliedbythenewsdirectorofatelevisionstation;or
evenworse,adefinitionimposedbyimportantadvertisers.(Para.1)(电视台)新闻节目负责人newsdirector:
InmanycountriesintheWest,televisionstationslargelydependonadvertisers:
advertisersrevenue.Therefore,importantsellingairtimetoadvertisersfortheir
canoftenimposetheirviewsandinterestsonthenewssuppliedbytelevision
stations.Someonewhoiswatchingamovie,atelevisionprogram,oranexhibitionviewer:
Compare:
agroupofpeoplewhowatch,read,orlistentosomethingaudience:
apersonwhowatchesanevent,show,game,oractivityspectator:
AsimplisticdefinitionofnewscanbedrawnbyparaphrasingJusticeOliver.2onofthelaw.Thelaw,Holmessaid,iswhattheWendellHolmes'famousdefiniticourtssayitis…wemightsaythatthenewsiswhattelevisiondirectorsand
(Para.2)journalistssayitis.
agreebecausetheytheAmericansgenerallyacceptHolmes'famousdefinitionoflaw
thatlawsmustallowforthenewinterpretationsnecessarytomeetthechallenges
ofachangingnationandachangingworld.Buttoproposeadefinitionofthenews
phrasingHolmes'definitionofthelawprobablycommitsthelogicalerrorbyparapoliticssenseifweweretosaynotForoffalseanalogy.example,itwouldmakemuch
iswhatpoliticianssayitis,oreducationiswhatteacherssayitis.disapprovingtoosimple;notcompleteorsufficientlythoroughsimplistic:
Assimpleasthat;nomore,noless.Nothingmore.Nothingless.:
insimilarfashion:
inthesimilarway;likewise;bythesimilartoken
haven't
wethatsaywewouldbasiswhatonapproach,thattaketowereweifBut.3.
beentoldenough?
Orthatastorythatshouldhavebeencoveredwasn't?
Orthat
toomanystoriesofacertaintypewereincluded?
Orthatareportergaveaflagrantly
biasedaccount?
(Para.2)peopleimpliesthatwithnewsreportingThefactthatpeopleareoftenunsatisfied
havedifferentideasaboutwhatnewsshouldbe.obviouslyandunquestionablybiasedflagrantlybiased:
Inmodifyingtheiranswer,mostwilladdthatthenewsis“importantand.4interestingthingsthathappenedthatday.”Thishelpsalittlebutleavesopen
(Para.isdecided.andinteresting”andhowthatisthequestionofwhat“important
3)thatthathappenedconsistsoftheimportantthingsallItisrighttosaythatnews
day.Butimportanttowhom?
Inwhatsense?
Forwhatreason?
butleavesopenthequestion:
butdoesnotgiveananswertothequestion
Ofcourse,somepeoplewillsaythatthequestionofwhatisimportantand5.
interestingisnotintheleastproblematic.WhatthePresidentsaysordoesis
elections,areimportant,rebellions,employmentfigures,important;wars
appointmentstotheSupremeCourt.(Para.4)
whatthatistrueThisisaninterestingexampleofhastygeneralization.It
conclusiontothedoisoftenimportant,butwecan'tjumpsayimportantpeopleor
thateverythingtheysayordoisalwaysimportant.Ontheotherhand,sometimes
evenwhathappenstosomeonecompletelyunknowncanescalatetoaseriouscrisis.
.Peoplecallthat“theButterflyEffect”problematic:
causingaproblem;questionable;uncertain
6.Now,thereisagreatdealtobesaidforSaranWrap.(Para.4)
Now,it'struethatSaranWrapisveryuseful.
SaranWrapisnotnews.ThecolorofLizTaylor'swrapis.Orsosomepeople7.
believe.(Para.4)differentwhichhaswordauthorsthearemakingawordplayonthe“wrap,”Notethat
meanings.
orneverlearnhowevereither,instructiveaboutthesepeopleWe8.shall
interestingtheirstoriesmayhavebeen.(Para.5)Wewillneverhearanythingaboutthesepeopleeither,nomatterhowinstructive
orinterestingtheirstoriesmayhavebeen.instructive:
providingknowledgeorinformation;educational
ancourse,thereareapresident,assassination—someeventstheofOf9.
newsconsequences.interestnearthatetc.earthquake,—haveuniversalandButmost
(Para.6)doesnotinhereintheevent.
formaltobeanaturalpartofsth.;tobeinherentinsth.toinhereinsth.:
made.Infact,thenewsismoreoften(Para.6)ratherthangathered.10Infact,oftenthenewsisnotsomethingoutthereforyoutopickup;youhaveto
decidewhatinformationisnewsworthyandmakeitintonews.
aboutonemoreimportantthanaboutakillinginNorthernIrelandstory11.Isa
akillinginMorocco?
(Para.6)ForAmericansofIrishbackground,theanswerwillmostlikelybeyes.Itissaid
distancetherelativeaneventisoftendeterminedbythattherelativeimportanceof
ofitsoccurrencetothepersoninvolved.
everynewsstoryisareflectionofthereporterwhotellsthestory.The12.…reporter'spreviousassumptionsaboutwhatis“outthere”editwhatheorshe
thinksisthere.(Para.6)stories,newsthemselves,thenallandIfnewsstorieswerejustfacts,factsspeakfor
actuallyarenewsstoriesthethoughwrittenbydifferentpeople,wouldbesame.But
alldifferentbecauseeverynewsstoryisareflectionofthereporterwhotells
thestory,andeveryreporterhaspreviousassumptions(beliefs,pointsofview,
andbiases)whichaffectwhathe/shethinksisthere.
todecidewhatwillbeincludedorleftout,aseditorsdoinpreparing,toedit:
printing,broadcasting,etc.
thethesequestions,aswellastootherquestionsabout13.Theanswerstoallof
thismightthinkofthejournalist.Youdependevent,entirelyonthepointofview
leastattheirassumptions,canexaggeration,isanthatreporters,irrespectiveof
getthefactsstraight.(Para.7)irrespectiveof:
regardlessof;withoutthinkingaboutorconsideringtheirgovernmentAllofficials,irrespectiveoftheirrank,mustdiscloseproperty.Wepursuethediplomaticpolicyofthefiveprinciplesofpeacefulcoexistencein
politicalwithallsizetheirorcountriesirrespectiveofourrelationship
system.
togetthefactsstraight:
tofindoutwhatthefactsarewithoutmakingmistakesnow-defunct:
now-dead;nownolongerexistingorfunctioningtogiveastoryaprominentplaceinanewspaperortelevisionfeatureastory:
to
newsshow
14(Para.8)…whothusearntheir35rublesamonthinlieuof“relief”….Insteadofreceivinggovernmentrelief,theyaregivenjobsbythegovernmentso
这是以工代赈的政策thattheycanearntheirmoney.()insteadofinlieuof:
)moneythatisgiventopoorpeoplebythegovernment((government)relief:
政府
救济
Journaltohighlightthecontrastbetweenthe
itwasthepolicyofthe….15.
.(Para.11)primitiveRussianeconomyandthesophisticatedAmericaneconomyJournalWallStreetJournalThementioned:
Thisreferstothenewspaperabove.the,
tohighlight:
tomakepeoplenoticeorbeawareofsomething高级的,sophisticat
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