高考英语二轮复习文体4 议论文.docx
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高考英语二轮复习文体4 议论文.docx
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高考英语二轮复习文体4议论文
文体4 议论文
A
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.
Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:
thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:
statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.
Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”
Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”
Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.
Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:
Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.
【语篇解读】 主题:
人与社会(人际沟通);话题:
青少年心理健康。
本文是一篇议论文。
文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历,论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。
1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?
A.Unkind.B.Lonely.
C.Generous.D.Cool.
答案 C [推理判断题。
根据第一段第一句“Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes...”的句意和sharing一词可推知,作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人,故选C项。
]
2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Theclassificationofthepopular.
B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.
C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.
D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.
答案 A [段落大意题。
根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒号),可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。
而第三句和第四句分别用Thelikables’...和Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence...引出后文内容,恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人:
讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。
同时我们发现本段第二句中的关键词sort...into...(把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼应,所以A项可以概括本段大意。
]
3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?
A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.
B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.
C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.
D.Theyperformedwellacademically.
答案 B [推理判断题。
根据第四段最后一句中的Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment可知,Dr.Prinstein的研究发现,最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。
B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。
]
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLast
B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetter
C.BetheBest—YouCanMakeIt
D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness
答案 A [标题归纳题。
本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关,因此A项作为标题最合适。
注意A项中的benice与likability,popularity,kindness等词相呼应。
BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLast.从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善,于己为善”。
这里的finish本义是“获得(名次);排名”。
]
B
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·C)Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.
Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.
Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”
Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.
Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.
Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.
Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文,介绍了CommonSenseMedia(常识媒体)的一个研究报告。
报告内容是有关儿童阅读习惯的。
该报告表明家长的示范引领对于儿童阅读习惯的培养作用非凡。
5.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?
A.Children’sreadinghabits.
B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.
C.Children’safter-classactivities.
D.Parent-childrelationships.
答案 A [主旨大意题。
全文贯穿的一个重要线索词是report,这个report就是CommonSenseMedia发布的,因此从文章的第一段便可得出答案,常识媒体的报告内容是有关儿童阅读习惯方面的。
]
6.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?
A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.
C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.
答案 B [推理判断题。
文章第一段提出“儿童更少地为了乐趣而阅读”,文章第三段利用了一些数据来支持这一论点。
由此可推知应该选B项。
]
7.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?
A.E-booksareofpoorquality.
B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.
C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.
D.E-readersareexpensive.
答案 C [推理判断题。
根据文章第五段最后一句中的“mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime”可以推出,家长限制孩子电子阅读的原因是担心孩子屏幕时间增加,使用电子产品的时间增加自然会对健康造成危害。
由此可知应该选C项。
]
8.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?
A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.
B.Askthemtowritebookreports.
C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.
D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.
答案 A [细节理解题。
根据第六段第一句“Themosthopefuldata...whenitcomestoreading”可知,家长应该起模范带头作用,鼓励孩子多阅读。
故选A项。
]
C
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·D)We’veallbeenthere:
inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.
What’stheproblem?
It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”
Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”
Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
研究表明,闲聊对于人际交往起着重要的作用。
9.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?
A.Addictiontosmartphones.
B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.
C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.
D.Impatiencewithslowservice.
答案 C [细节理解题。
文章第一段描述了在公共场所人们之间不互相交流的现象,本段中的“uncomfortablesilence”与选项C中的“Absenceofcommunication”相呼应。
]
10.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?
A.Showinggoodmanners.
B.Relatingtootherpeople.
C.Focusingonatopic.
D.Makingbusinessdeals.
答案 B [细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Thekeymunicatewiththem”可知,Carducci认为成功的闲聊的关键在于学会与其他人沟通。
]
11.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?
A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.
B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.
C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.
D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.
答案 D [细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段第三句“Theresultsshowedthat...coffeeshopexperience”可知,闲聊使得人们感觉良好。
故选D项。
]
12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.ConversationCounts
B.WaysofMakingSmallTalk
C.BenefitsofSmallTalk
D.UncomfortableSilence
答案 C [标题判断题。
通读全文可知,文章主要讨论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。
故C项作本文标题最佳。
]
Hospitalsemploymanytherapeutic(治疗的)methods,suchasmedication(药物治疗),massage(按摩)therapyandmusictherapy.Andmusictherapyisgrowinginpopularity.
SandraSiedlieckiisaSeniorScientistattheNursingInstituteofClevelandClinicinOhio.Shesaysmusicisalow-costtre
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