大学英语AB级重点语法结构.docx
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大学英语AB级重点语法结构.docx
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大学英语AB级重点语法结构
大学英语A/B级重点语法结构
一、时态与语态二、情态动词三、动词不定式
四、分词(分词作状语,分词的独立结构,分词短语作定语和补语,with结构,动名词)
五、定语从句六、状语从句七、虚拟语气
八、主谓一致九、倒装句十、强调句
十一、反义疑问句十二、代词十三、形容词和副词
一、时态与语态
考察重点:
▲过去完成时:
常和before,after,until,when等引导的时间状语从句连用,其谓语动作一般表示过去。
(bythetime/theendof)+表示过去时间的短语或句子。
hardly/scarcely+过去完成时+when+过去时;
nosooner+过去完成时+than+过去时
▲现在完成时和现在完成进行时
状语词组:
thisday(week,month,year),sofar,forsometime,uptonow,uptothepresent,allthisyear等。
▲将来完成时:
常和before,until,when,after等词连用,其谓语动作一般表示将来。
by(thetime/endof)+表示将来的时间或句子。
1)Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.
A.havefoundB.willbefindingC.willhavefoundD.arefinding
2)Itseemsoil____fromthispipeforsometime.We’llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputithigh.
A.haveleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking
3)theconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.
A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted
4)Untilthen,____hisfamilyfromhimforsixmonths.
A.didn’thearB.hasn’tbeenhearing
C.hasn’theardD.hadn’theard
二、情态动词
情态动词测试重点:
▲should(oughtto)+have+p.p.(应该发生而没有发生的事情)
▲might(could)+have+p.p.(过去可能发生而没有发生的事情)
▲must+have+p.p.(对过去事件的推论)只用于肯定句。
否定句用can’t,can.
1)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it__________cleaned.
A.can’thavebeenB.shouldn’thavebeen
B.mustn’thavebeenD.wouldn’thavebeen
2)Withallthisworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.
A.mustn’tgoB.wouldn’tgo
C.oughtn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone
三、动词不定式
考察重点:
不定式的完成式,进行式和被动式。
1)Mrs.Brownissupposed____forItalylastweek.
A.tohaveleftB.tobeleavingC.toleaveD.tohavebeenleft
2)I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.
A.togetworseB.gettingworse
C.tohavegotworseD.tobegettingworse
3)Thisbookissaid_____intodozensoflanguagesinthelastdecade.
A.tohavebeentranslatedB.totranslate
C.tobetranslatedD.tohavetranslated
四、分词(现在分词和过去分词)
(一)分词作状语
当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随。
现在分词和主句中的主语有主动关系,过去分词和主句中的主语有被动关系。
1)Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen______.
A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scolded
2)_____suchagoodchance,heplanedtolearnmore.
A.TobegivenB.HavingbeengivenC.HavinggivenD.Giving
3)Heated,waterchangesintosteam.(时间状语)
当受热时,水就变成了蒸汽。
4)Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,Iturnedtotheteacherforhelp.(原因)
由于不知道如何处理这个问题,我向老师求助。
5)Beingill,thegirlstillcametoclassyesterday.(让步)
虽然病了,这个女孩仍然来上课了。
6)Hisfatherdied,leavinghissonnothing.(结果)
他父亲死了,给他的儿子什么都没留下。
(二)分词的独立结构
当分词短语作作状语时,其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语不一致,分词短语前需带其本身的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。
1)Hisvoice_______,hesaidhewastooupsettosayanymore.
A)shake?
?
?
?
?
?
B)beshaking
C)wasshakingD)shaking
2)Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.?
冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
3)Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做得更好。
4)Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.?
她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。
(时间)
5)Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.(条件)
若条件有利,他或许能成功。
6)Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.(表示原因)
没有出租车,我们只好步行。
7)Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.(伴随情况)
?
几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体
(三)分词短语作定语和宾补
1)Themanagerpromisedtokeepme____ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.
A.tobeinformedB.oninformingC.informedD.informing
2)Thefirsttextbook_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.writtenB.tobewrittenC.writingD.beingwritten
3)Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.(前置定语---被动意义)
4)Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.(完成意义)
5)Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?
(后置定语)
6)Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise
(四)With+名词(代词)+V-ed/V-ing
1).?
Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_______,hegladlyacceptedit.
A.finished?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.finishing
C.havingfinished?
?
?
?
?
?
D.wasfinished
2).Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.
A.goingon?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.goeson
C.wenton?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.togoon
(五)动名词
考察重点
只跟动名词的动词:
risk,finish,miss,mind,avoid,dislike,enjoy,practice,admit,hate,escape,appreciate,consider,deny,fancy,favor,delay,suggest,imagine,mention,postpone,excuse,involve,confess,include,acknowledge,understand,
To作介词后面接ing分词常见几个词组:
beaccustomedto,beusedtodoing,devoteoneselftodoing
objectto,lookforwardto状语从句
1)Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.
A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouse
C.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse
2)it’snouse____menottoworry.
A.youtellB.yourtellingC.foryoutohavetoldD.havingtold
difficulty
trouble
haveagood/hardtime(in)+v-ing
nobusiness
please
(六)定语从句
考察重点:
▲that,as,when,where,which,whose引导的定语从句
▲名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级和最高级+of+which/whom
▲介词+which/whose/whom
1)Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which
2)Thetrain____shewastravelingwaslate.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat
3)Someoftheroadswereflooded,___madeourjourneymoredifficult.
A.whichB.itC.whatD.that
4)Hehastwosons,___workaschemists.
A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhom
C.bothofwhichD.allofwhom
5)____mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasveymixed.
A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What
(七)状语从句
考察重点:
1)时间状语从句的名词词组:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant
2)原因状语从句的连词:
as,seeingthat(),inthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat,nowthat,giventhat,because,since,as,for
3)目的状语从句:
lest,incase,inorderthat,forfearthat,forthepurposethat
4)条件状语从句:
as/solongas,unless,onlyif,providing/providedthat(假若),supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat,assumingthat,(假定),suppose/supposingthat(假使)
5)比较状语从句:
themore…themore,than(不同程度的比较),as(同级比较)
6)让步状语从句:
though,although,evenif,eventhough,as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,etc.
1).Wewon’tgiveup______________weshouldfailtentimes.
A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until
2)Wehadhardlygottothestation__________itbegannorain.
A.untilB.sinceC.whileD.when
3).Fatherwas________busyinworking__________heoftenforgotrestormeals.
A.very,thatB.so,thatC.such,asD.enough,as
4).HealwaysthinksI’mwrong,_____________Imaysay.
A.nomatterwhateverB.whateverC.whatD.that
5)NotuntilIbegantowork__________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealize
C.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealized
(八)虚拟语气
在下列表示具有请求、建议、愿望、命令等主观意向的动词、形容词、名词、过去分词等之后的从句中,需用虚拟语气。
形式是“should+动词原形”或者省去“should”,直接用动词原形。
1.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
常用动词有:
一个坚持(insist);
两个命令(order,command);
四项要求(demand,desire,require,request);
四条建议(advise,suggest,propose,recommend)。
1)Theguardatthegateinsistedthateveryone__________therules.
A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey
2)Heorderedthatthemedicine(should)besentbyaspecialplane.他命令用专机来运送药品。
2.用于主语从句
常用形容词:
necessary,important,essential,desirable,advisable,imperative(迫切的),urgent,preferable,vital,insistent,crucial(紧要关头),strange(不可思议的)
常用的分词:
suggested,proposed,demanded,required,requested,desired,ordered,recommended,insisted,asked,resolved等
1)、Itisvitalthatenoughmoney____tofundtheproject.
A)becollectedB)mustbecollected
C)iscollectedD)canbecollected
2)、Itisrecommendedthattheproject____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.
A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestarted
C)isnottobestartedD)notbestarted
3.虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句
常见的名词有:
suggestion,advise,proposal,order,decision,request,requirement,necessity,desire,demand,idea,motion,necessity,insistence,instruction,plan,preference,recommendation,resolution
1)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroup.
我的建议是我们派几个人去帮相别的小组。
2)Thiswashisorderthatwestaywherewewere.
4虚拟语气用于状语从句
1)_____beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.
A.HadtheyarrivedB.Weretheyarriving
C.WouldtheyarriveD.Weretheytoarrive
2)Thetreelookedasifit____foralongtime.
A.hasn’twateredB.didn’twater
C.hadn’tbeenwateredD.wasn’twatered
5虚拟语气的其它用法
1)Itis(high,about)time…句型,表示“早该干某事而已有些晚了”。
Ifonly引起的感叹句,表示“但愿,该。
。
。
就搞了”。
1)It’stime____aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
A.somethingwasdoneB.anythingwillbedone
C.everythingisdoneD.nothingtobedone
2)LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
ifonlyI____youradvice.
A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed
2)条件暗含在with,without,butfor,or,otherwise,exceptfor,underthecondition,inthepositionof等介词短语中,谓语一般要用should+动词原形或省略should,直接用动词原形。
1)____thestorm,theshipwouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime.
A.InspiteofB.IncaseofC.ButforD.Becauseof
2)Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe_____him.
A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephoned
C.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned
3)Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_______then.
A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtobehere
C.shouldbehereD.wouldbehere
3.lest,forfearthat,inorderthat,incase引导目的状语从句。
1)Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcell(软垫小室)lesthe___himself.(A)
A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure
4.wish,wouldrather/sooner/assoon后的宾语从句。
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I’dratheryou_____makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.
A.don’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.shouldn’t
九、主谓一致
重点:
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
▲如果主语为单数而后面
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