专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟418.docx
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专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟418.docx
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专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟418
专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟418
READINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachmultiple-choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PassageOne
(1)AfewmonthsagoIwasnominatedforGovernorofthegreatStateofNewYork,torunagainstMr.JohnT.SmithandMr.BlankJ.Blankonanindependentticket.IsomehowfeltthatIhadoneprominentadvantageoverthesegentlemen,andthatwas—goodcharacter.Itwaseasytoseebythenewspapersthatifevertheyhadknownwhatitwastobearagoodname,thattimehadgoneby.Itwasplainthatintheselatteryearstheyhadbecomefamiliarwithallmannerofshamefulcrimes.ButattheverymomentthatIwasexaltingmyadvantageandjoyinginitinsecret,therewasamuddyundercurrentofdiscomfort"riling"thedeepsofmyhappiness—andthatwasthehavingtohearmynamebandiedaboutinfamiliarconnectionwiththoseofsuchpeople.
(2)But,afterall,Icouldnotrecede.Iwasfullycommitted,andmustgoonwiththefight.AsIwaslookinglistlesslyoverthepapersatbreakfastIcameacrossthisparagraph,andImaytrulysayIneverwassoconfoundedbefore:
(3)PERJURY.—Perhaps,nowthatMr.MarkTwainisbeforethepeopleasacandidateforGovernor,hewillcondescendtoexplainhowhecametobeconvictedofperjurybythirty-fourwitnessesinWakawak,CochinChina,in1863,theintentofwhichperjurybeingtorobapoornativewidowandherhelplessfamilyofameagerplantain-patch,theironlystayandsupportintheirbereavementanddesolation.Mr.Twainowesittohimself,aswellastothegreatpeoplewhosesuffragesheasks,toclearthismatterup.Willhedoit?
(4)IthoughtIshouldburstwithamazement!
Suchacruel,heartlesscharge!
IneverhadseenCochinChina!
IneverhadheardofWakawak!
Ididn'tknowaplantain-patchfromakangaroo!
Ididnotknowwhattodo.Iwascrazedandhelpless.Iletthedayslipawaywithoutdoinganythingatall.
(5)[Mem.—Duringtherestofthecampaignthispaperneverreferredtomeinanyotherwaythanas"theinfamousperjurerTwain."]
(6)NextcametheGazette,withthis:
(7)WANTEDTOKNOW.—WillthenewcandidateforGovernordeigntoexplaintocertainofhisfellow-citizens(whoaresufferingtovoteforhim!
)thelittlecircumstanceofhiscabin-matesinMontanalosingsmallvaluablesfromtimetotime,untilatlast,thesethingshavingbeeninvariablyfoundonMr.Twain'spersonorinhis"trunk"(newspaperherolledhistrapsin),theyfeltcompelledtogivehimafriendlyadmonitionforhisowngood,andsotarredandfeatheredhim,androdehimonarail;andthenadvisedhimtoleaveapermanentvacuumintheplaceheusuallyoccupiedinthecamp.Willhedothis?
(8)Couldanythingbemoredeliberatelymaliciousthanthat?
ForIneverwasinMontanainmylife.
(9)IAfterthis,thisjournalcustomarilyspokeofmeas,"Twain,theMontanaThief."
(10)Igottopickinguppapersapprehensively—muchasonewouldliftadesiredblanketwhichhehadsomeideamighthavearattlesnakeunderit.
(11)Bythistimeanonymouslettersweregettingtobeanimportantpartofmymailmatter.Thisformwascommon:
(12)Howaboutthatoldwomanyoukikedofyourpremiseswhichwasbegging.POL.PRY.
(13)ShortlytheprincipalRepublicanjournal"convicted"meofwholesalebribery,andtheleadingDemocraticpaper"nailed"anaggravatedcaseofblackmailingtome.
(14)[InthiswayIacquiredtwoadditionalnames:
"TwaintheFilthyCorruptionist"and"TwaintheLoathsomeEmbracer."]
(15)Therewasnopossiblewayofgettingoutofit,andso,indeephumiliation,Isetaboutpreparingto"answer"amassofbaselesschargesandmeanandwickedfalsehoods.ButIneverfinishedthetask,fortheverynextmorningapapercameoutwithanewhorror,afreshmalignityandseriouslychargedmewithburningalunaticasylumwithallitsinmates,becauseitobstructedtheviewfrommyhouse.Thisthrewmeintoasortofpanic.Andatlast,asadueandfittingclimaxtotheshamelesspersecutionthatpartyrancorhadinflicteduponme,ninelittletoddlingchildren,ofallshadesofcoloranddegreesofraggedness,weretaughttorushontotheplatformatapublicmeeting,andclaspmearoundthelegsandcallmePA!
(16)Igaveup.Ihauleddownmycolorsandsurrendered.IwasnotequaltotherequirementsofaGubernatorialcampaignintheStateofNewYork,andsoIsentinmywithdrawalfromthecandidacy,andinbitternessofspiritsignedit,"Trulyyours,"onceadecentman,butnow"MARKTWAIN,I.P.,M.T.,B.S.,D.T.,F.C.,andL.E."
(本文改编自RunningForGovernor)
PassageTwo
(1)MostadultsintheU.S.whoscreenpositivefordepressionarenotbeingtreatedfordepression,accordingtoresultsfromMedicalExpenditurePanelSurveys(MEPS).
(2)"Withtherecentincreaseinprescribingofantidepressantmedications,manyphysiciansmightassumethatundertreatmentofdepressionisnolongerawidespreadproblem,"Dr.MarkOlfsonfromCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons,ColumbiaUniversityandtheNewYorkStatePsychiatricInstituteinNewYorkCitytoldReutersHealthbye-mail."Thisstudymakesclear,however,thatmostAmericanadultswhoscreenpositivefordepressionreceivenotreatmentfortheirsymptoms."
(3)Surveysfromtheearly2000sshowthatabouthalfofU.S.adultswithalifetimemedicalhistoryofmajordepressivedisorderhadneverreceivedtreatmentfordepression.Still,littleisknownabouttheextenttowhichadultswithdepressionintheU.S.receivedepressioncareandtheextenttowhichsuchpatientsarematchedbasedontheirillnessseveritytoappropriatetreatmentsandhealthcareprofessionals.
(4)Dr.Olfsonandcolleaguesuseddatafromthe2012and2013MEPStoexaminetheprevalenceandtreatmentofadultswithscreen-positivedepression.Theyalsoassessedwhetherseriouspsychologicaldistresswasassociatedwithmoreintensivetreatment.
(5)About1in12adults(8.4%)screenedpositivefordepression,buttheprevalencevariedwidelyfrom18%amongadultsinthelowestincomegroupto3.7%inthehighestincomegroup.Only28.7%ofthosewhoscreenedpositivefordepressionreceivedanydepressiontreatmentduringthesurveyyear,although78.5%ofthosewithscreen-positivedepressionwhoreceivednodepressiontreatmentmadeatleastonemedicalvisitduringthattime,accordingtotheAugust29thJAMAInternalMedicineonlinereport.
(6)"Somegroups,suchasmenandadultswithlesseducation,aswellasethnicandracialminorities,wereespeciallyunlikelytoreceiveanytreatmentfortheirdepressivesymptoms,"Dr.Olfsonsaid.
(7)Overall,8.1%ofadultsreceivedtreatmentfordepression,butonlyaminorityofthosehadscreenpositivedepression(29.9%)orseriouspsychologicaldistress(21.8%).Themostcommontreatmentsfordepressionwereantidepressants(87.0%),followedbypsychotherapy(23.2%),anxiolytics(13.5%),antipsychotics(7.0%),andmoodstabilizers(5.1%).
(8)Patientswithmoreseriousdistresswerelesslikelythanlessdistressedpatientstobetreatedwithantidepressantsbutmorelikelytobetreatedwithantipsychotics,anxiolytics,moodstabilizers,psychotherapy,orthecombinationofantidepressantsandpsychotherapy.
(9)Nearlythree-quartersofpatientswhoweretreatedfordepressionweretreatedexclusivelybygeneralmedicalprofessionals,andthosepatientswerelesslikelythanpatientstreatedbypsychiatristsorothermentalhealthprofessionalstohavescreenedpositivefordepressionorseriouspsychologicaldistress.Abouthalfofcollegegraduateswithseriousdistressweretreatedbypsychiatrists,comparedwithlessthanathirdoftheircounterpartswithlesseducation.
(10)"Theresultshighlightongoingchallengesinaligningdepressioncarewithpatientneeds,"Dr.Olfsonsaid."Expandingtheuseofsimpledepressionscreeningtoolsinprimarycareisagoodfirststeptoincreaseidentificationofdepressionandtoguidematchingpatientstoappropriatedepressiontreatment.Beyondscreening,integratingmentalhealthservicesintoprimarycare,thoughfarmorecomplicated,hasbeenshowntoimprovekeypatientoutcomesofoutpatientswithdepression."
(11)"Althoughmostphysiciansarefarmorecomfortabletreatinguncomplicateddepressionthantheywereyearsago,manydepressedpatientscontinuetoreceivenotreatmentfortheirsymptoms,"heconcluded."Becauseuntreateddepressionishighlydistressing,impairssocialfunction,reducesworkproductivity,andincreasestheriskofsuicide,ischemicheartdisease,andnon-adherencetomedicaltreatments,itiscriticallyimportantforphysicianstoremaineverwatchfulforundetecteddepression."
(12)Dr.DaraH.SorkinfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,whohaspublishedextensivelyondepressionanditstreatment,toldReutersHealthbye-mail,"Certainly,screeningpatientsastheypresentforgeneralmedicalcarewillincreasethedetectionofdepression,butdetectionisnotenough.Thehealthcaresystemneedstobebetterpreparedtoofferpatientsappropriatementalhealthservicesthatareaffordable,concordantwiththeirpersonalandculturalvaluesandlinguisticpreferences,andinlinewithwhathasbeenshowntobemosteffectivegivenanindividual'smentalhealthneed."
(13)"Criticalgapsinmentalhealthcarecontinuetopersist,particularlyforindividualsfromdiverseracial/ethnicbackgrounds,lowincomeindividuals,lesseducatedadults,andthosewholackinsurance,"shesaid.
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