单片机技术.docx
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单片机技术.docx
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单片机技术
信息学院毕业设计科技文献翻译
Monolithicintegratedcircuittechnology
单片机技术
姓名
专业
学号
班级
指导教师
2010年3月
Monolithicintegratedcircuittechnology
一Monolithicintegratedcircuitoutline
1.Definition:
Themonolithicintegratedcircuitisalsocalledthemicrocontroller,isbecauseitisusedmostearlyintheindustrialcontroldomain.ThemonolithicintegratedcircuitonlyhastheCPUspecial-purposeprocessordevelopmentbythechip.TheearliestdesignideaisthemassiveauxiliaryequipmentandtheCPUintegrationinachip,causesthecomputersystemtobesmaller,easiertointegratecomplex,buttovolumerequeststrictcontroldevice.
2.Historicaldevelopment:
Theearlymonolithicintegratedcircuitis8or4.AndwhatismostsuccessfulisINTEL8031,becauseofsimplereliable,buttheperformancehasobtainedtheverybighighpraisewell.HereafterdevelopedtheMCS51seriesmonolithicintegratedcircuitsystemon8031.Untilnowalsowidelyisusingbasedonthissystem'smonolithicintegratedcircuitsystem.Alongwiththeindustrialcontroldomainrequest'senhancement,startedtopresent16monolithicintegratedcircuits,butbecausetheperformance-to-pricerationotidealhasnotobtainedtheverywidespreadapplication.Afterthe90s,alongwiththeexpenseelectronicproductsbigdevelopment,themonolithicintegratedcircuittechnologyhadthehugeenhancement.AlongwithINTELthei960serieswastheafterwardARMserieswidespreadapplicationspecially,32monolithicintegratedcircuitssubstitutedfor16monolithicintegratedcircuit'shigh-endstatusesrapidly,andenteredthemainstreammarket.Butthetraditional8monolithicintegratedcircuit'sperformancealsohadtherapidenhancement,handlingabilitycomparedenhancedseveralhundredtimesinthe80s.Atpresent,thehigh-end32monolithicintegratedcircuitbasicfrequencyalreadysurpassed300MHz,theperformancepursuesthemid-90s'sspecial-purposeprocessorstraight,buttheordinarymodelproducerpricedepreciationto1USdollar,themosthigh-end'smodelalsohas10USdollars.Thecontemporarymonolithicintegratedcircuitsystemalreadynolongeronlyunderthebaremobilephoneenvironmentthedevelopmentandtheuse,themassivespecial-purposeembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyappliedontheentireseriesmonolithicintegratedcircuit.Butintakesonthepalmthecomputerandthehandsetcoreprocessinghigh-endmonolithicintegratedcircuitevenmayusespecial-purposeWindowsandtheLinuxoperatingsystemdirectly.
Themonolithicintegratedcircuitismoresuitablethanthespecial-purposeprocessortoapplyintheembeddedsystem,thereforeitobtainedmostapplications.Infactthemonolithicintegratedcircuitisintheworldquantitymostcomputers.Themodernhumanitylivesnearlyineachelectronwhichandtheengineeringproductsusescanintegratehasthemonolithicintegratedcircuit.Onthehandset,thetelephone,thecalculator,thedomesticelectricappliances,theelectronictoy,thepalmcomputerfittingsandsooncomputeraswellasmousehave1-2monolithicintegratedcircuits.Butinthepersonalcomputingwillalsohaveasubstantialnumberofmonolithicintegratedcircuitinthework.Onautomobilecommonequipmentmorethan40monolithicintegratedcircuits,onthecomplexindustrialcontrolsystemevenpossiblyhasseveralhundredmonolithicintegratedcircuitsalsotowork!
Monolithicintegratedcircuit'squantitynotonlyfarsurpassesPCmachineandothercomputationsumtotal,evenmustbemorethanhumanity'squantity.
二Monolithicintegratedcircuit'sbasicprinciple
Themonolithicintegratedcircuitisnotcompletessomelogicalfunctionthechip,butintegratesacomputersystemtoachipon.Isequalinaminiaturecomputer,compareswiththecomputer,themonolithicintegratedcircuithasonlylackedtheI/Oequipment.Summaryspeaking:
Achiphasbecomeacomputer.Itsvolumeissmall,thequalityislight,thepricecheap,forthestudy,theapplicationandthedevelopmenthasprovidedtheconvenientcondition.Atthesametime,thestudyusemonolithicintegratedcircuitisunderstandsthecomputerprincipleandthestructurebestchoice.
Themonolithicintegratedcircuitinterioralsouseswiththecomputerfunctionsimilarmodule,forinstanceCPU,memory,parallelmainline,butalsohaswiththeharddiskbehaveidenticallythememorycomponent,whatisdifferentisitsthesepartperformanceisoppositeourhome-usecomputerweakmany,butthepriceisalsolow.Madesomecontrolelectricapplianceonekindwithitisnottheverycomplexworkfoot.Weusenowthecompletelyautomaticdrumwasher,theplatoonpetti-coatpipe,VCDandsooninsidetheelectricalappliancesmayseeitsform!
Itismainlytakesthecontrolsectionthecorepart.Itisonekindofonline-likereal-timecontrolcomputer,online-likeisthescenecontrol,needstohavethestrongantijammingability,thelowcost,thisisalsoandtheoff-linetypecomputermaindifference.
Themonolithicintegratedcircuitisdependingontheprogramrun,andmayrevise.Realizesthedifferentfunctionthroughthedifferentprocedure,particularlyspecialuniquesomefunctions,thisisothercomponentneedstotaketheverybigefforttobeabletoachieve,somearethefloweredbigstrengthisalsoverydifficulttoachieve.Oneisnottheverycomplexfunction,ifdevelopsinthe50swiththeUS74series,orthe60s'sCD4000seriesthesepurehardware,theelectriccircuitcertainlyisabigPCBboard!
Butif,ifsucceededinthe70swiththeUSputsinthemarkettheseriesmonolithicintegratedcircuit,theresultwillhavethehugedifference!
Becauseonlythemonolithicintegratedcircuitcompilesthroughyoutheproceduremayrealizethehighintelligence,highefficiency,aswellasredundantreliability!
Becausethemonolithicintegratedcircuittothecostissensitive,thereforepresentoccupiesthedominantstatusthesoftwareisthemostpreliminaryassemblylanguage,itwasexceptthebinarymachinecodeabovethemostpreliminarylanguage,sincewhyweresuchpreliminarymustuse?
Whyhigh-leveldidthelanguagealreadyachievethevisualizationprogramminglevelnottouse?
Thereasonisverysimple,isthemonolithicintegratedcircuitdoesnothavehomecomputersuchCPU,alsohasnotlookedliketheharddisksuchmassmemoryequipment.Insideevenifavisualizationhigherorderlanguagecompilationscriptonlythenabutton,alsowillachieveseveraldozensKthesizes!
DoesnotspeakanythingregardingthehomeusePCharddisk,butsaysregardingthemonolithicintegratedcircuitcannotaccept.Themonolithicintegratedcircuitinthehardwaresourceaspect'susefactormustveryGaoCaixing,thereforeassembly,althoughprimitiveactuallymassivelyisusing.
三AT89C51monolithicintegratedcircuitintroduction
1.AT89C51monolithicintegratedcircuit:
ItisthelowvoltagewhichAmericanATMELCorporationproduces,thehighperformanceCMOS8positionmonolithicintegratedcircuit.Internalmayscratchtheread-onlyprogrammemorywhichrepeatedlyincluding4kbyteswrites(PEROM)and128bytesrandomaccessdata-carrierstorages(RAM).ThecomponentusestheATMELCorporation'shighdensity,thenon-volatilitystoragetechnologyproduction,thecompatiblestandardMCS-51commandsystem,piecebuilt-ingeneral8centralprocessorsandtheFlashmemorycell,thefunctionformidableAT89C51monolithicintegratedcircuitmayprovidemanyhighperformance-to-priceratiostheapplicationsituations,butappliesnimblyineachkindofcontroldomain.
AT89C51monolithicintegratedcircuitasshowninFigure1:
Figure1
2.AT89C51monolithicintegratedcircuitmainperformanceparameter
(1)theMCS-51productcommandsystemiscompletelycompatible.
(2)the4kbytemayscratchagainwritesFlashtododgethefastmemory.
(3)1000timesscratchesthewritecycleentirestaticstateoperation.
(4)0Hz-24MHzthird-levelencryptionprogrammemory.
(5)128×8byteinteriorRAM32programmableI/Omouthline.
(6)216fixedtime/counters.
(7)6interruptsources.
(8)programmableserialUARTchannel.
(9)lowpowerlossfreetimeandpowerfailurepattern.
3.Pin
Pinbasepindefinition:
Vss:
Groundterminal
Vcc:
Thepowersource,providesthepowerfailure,thefreetime,thenormalworkvoltage.P0.0-0.7:
P0I/Othemouth-P0mouthisopensleaksthebidirectionalmouth,maywriteis1causesitsconditionforaerosoltoserveasthehigh-resistanceinput.P0mayalsowhenvisitstheexteriorprogrammemorymaketheaddressthelowbyte,whenvisitstheexteriordata-carrierstoragemakesthedatabus,thistimeonstrongpullsthroughtheinterioroutputs1.
P1.0-1.7:
P1I/Othemouth-P1mouthisthebidirectionalI/Omouthwhichinthebeltinteriorpulls,readsin1:
00totheP1mouth,theP1mouthispulledbytheinteriorinforthehighlevel,mayserveastheinputport.Treatsasforwheninputsthefoot,bytheoutsideispulledthelowP1mouthbecauseintheinteriorwillpulltheoutputcurrent.TheP1mouth2ndfunction:
theT2(P1.0)fixedtime/counter2exteriorcountinginput/clockoutputs.T2EX(P1.1)fixedtime/counter2heavyloading/capture/directionalcontrol.
P2.0-2.7:
P2I/Othemouth-P2mouthisthebidirectionalI/Omouthwhichinthebeltinteriorpulls,readsin1:
00totheP2mouth,theP2mouthispulledbytheinteriorinforthehighlevel,mayserveastheinputport.Treatsasforwheninputsthefoot,bytheoutsideispulledthelowP2mouthbecauseintheinteriorwillpulltheoutputcurrent.Whenvisitstheexteriorprogrammemoryandtheexteriordataseparatelyastheaddressupperbyteand16bitaddresses(MOVX@DPTR),thistimeonstrongpullsthroughtheinteriortransmits1.Whenuses8bi
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