高中英语 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of.docx
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高中英语 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of.docx
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高中英语Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsof
Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaPeriod1IntroductionReadingandVocabulary
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Confucius(551BC-479BC)wasathinker,educator,andfounderoftheRuSchoolforChinesethought.
Hewasawell-knownleaderinphilosophyandhealsomademanywisephrasesandtheoriesaboutthelaw,life,andthegovernmentthathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworldandhumanbeings.
Confucius’ssocialphilosophylargelycentersaroundtheconceptof“ren”,whichis“lovingothers”and“honoringone’sparents”.Thosewhohavedeveloped“ren”are“simpleinmannerandslowofspeech”.ForConfucius,suchconcernforothersisprovedthroughthepracticeoftheGoldenRule:
“Whatyoudonotwishforyourself,donotdotoothers.”
Confuciusthinksagoodrulershipwastohave“de”or“virtue”whichallowsonetowinpeople’ssupportwithoutusinganyforceandkeepgoodorderinhisstatewithouttroublinghimself,andthatarulershouldrulehispeoplebyhisownexampleandtreatthemwithloveandconcern.
AcharacteristicofConfucius’thoughtishisemphasis(强调)oneducationandstudy,“Agoodteacherissomeonewhoknowswellthewaysofthepastandthepracticesoftheancients.”andhealsothinks“Hewholearnsbutdoesnotthinkislost.Hewhothinksbutdoesnotlearnisingreatdanger.”
Confuciusdidnotwritedowntheprinciplesofhisphilosophy;thesewerehandeddownonlythroughhisstudents.LunYu,abookcompiled(编纂)bysomeofhisstudents,isconsideredthemostdependablesourceofinformationabouthislifeandteachings.Oneofthehistoricalworksthatheissaidtohavecompiledandedited,TheSpringandAutumnAnnals,isdescribingChinesehistoryinthestateofLufrom722BCto481BC.
SinceConfucius’steachingsandphilosophywassoadvanced,itwastheeducationforChinafor2,000years.ItiscalledConfucianism.
【语篇概述】本文属于人物传记类文章,主要介绍了孔子的儒家思想对哲学、政治、教育的影响。
1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses .
A.Confuciusandhisgreatthought
B.thelifeofConfucius
C.Confucius’sinfluenceonstudents
D.Confucius’steachingmethods
【解析】选A。
主旨大意题。
文章的第三段主要讨论的是孔子的社会哲学;第四段谈论的是他的政治哲学;第五段是他的教育观点;所以A符合句意。
2.Confucius’sphilosophicthinkingcanhelppeopleknowaboutallthefollowingEXCEPT .
A.humans B.nature
C.theworldD.thesun
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第二段的后半部分“...helpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworldandhumanbeings.”可知没有提到D项。
3.WhichofthefollowingexpressesConfucius’seducationalidea?
A.Whatyoudonotwishforyourself,donotdotoothers.
B.Learningandthinkingshouldgohandinhand.
C.“Lovingothers”and“honoringone’sparents”.
D.Arulershouldloveandcareabouthispeople.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
A、C都反映了他的社会观,D反映了他的政治观,从第五段可以看出B反映了他的教育观。
4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatateachershouldbeapersonwho .
A.isoldandexperiencedenough
B.learnsbutdoesn’tthink
C.doesthingsaccordingtogoodoldways
D.thinksalotbutdoesn’tlearn
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
从倒数第三段中“Agoodteacherissomeonewhoknowswellthewaysofthepastandthepracticesoftheancients”可知孔子认为老师应该是一个熟悉过去并且身体力行的人,因此选C。
B
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?
JaneAddams(1860—1935)
AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.
RachelCarson(1907—1964)
Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.
SandraDayO’Connor(1930—present)
WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.
RosaParks(1913—2005)
OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇人物传记,介绍了四位在人类历史上做出突出贡献的女性。
5.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?
A.Hersocialwork.
B.Herteachingskills.
C.Hereffortstowinaprize.
D.Hercommunitybackground.
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据第一则人物介绍中的内容可知,JaneAddams以做社会工作而闻名。
6.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?
A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.
B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.
C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.
D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
根据第三则人物介绍中的内容可知,O’Connor找工作被拒绝是因为她是一名女性,这是当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的。
7.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?
A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson.
C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaParks.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第四则人物介绍可知,RosaParks由于在公交车上没有给一名白人乘客让座而入狱,这最终导致了美国的民权运动。
8.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?
A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.
C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
通读全文可知,JaneAddams是第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性;如果没有RachelCarson就没有环保运动;O’Connor在1981年成为第一位进入美国高级法院的女性;而RosaParks的行为直接导致了美国的民权运动。
她们都在各自从事的领域做出了开拓性的工作。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Astheoldsayinggoes,laughteristhebestmedicine.1.________.However,doctorshavebeguntolookintolaughterandtheeffectsonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundthatlaughtercanreallyimprovepeople’shealth.
2.________.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirheart,bloodpressure,breathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectstophysicalexercise.Itincreasesbloodpressure,makestheheartbeatquickerandmakespeoplebreathedeeper;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesintheface,thestomach,andeventhefeet.3.________.
Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobeabletoreducetheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.4.________.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceakindofchemicalinthebrainwhichdiminishesbothstressandpain.
5.________.Theytrytoimprovetheirpatients’conditionbyencouragingthemtolaugh.Theyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughing,makingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter.
A.Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.
B.Untilrecently,fewpeopletookthesayingseriously.
C.Therefore,peoplearetaughttolaugh.
D.Thegroupthattolerated(忍耐)thepainforthelongesttimewasthegroupwhichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.
E.Asaresult,somedoctorsintheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinics.
F.Laughteriscloselyrelatedtogoodhealth.
G.Iflaughterexercisesthebody,itmustbebeneficial.
【语篇概述】本文讲述了笑能改善人们的健康。
1.【解析】选B。
根据上下文可知,笑是良药。
直到现在,很少有人认真地对待这句话。
然而医生已经开始研究笑及其对身体的影响。
医生发现笑真的能改善人们的健康。
2.【解析】选A。
根据下文可知,医生通过研究病人在笑时的心跳、血压、呼吸等研究笑的作用。
所以该段的主旨大意是,医生做测试以研究笑对人身体的影响。
3.【解析】选G。
根据上文可知,笑也对脸上、肚子上以及脚上的肌肉有用,所以如果笑能锻炼身体,那一定是有益的。
4.【解析】选D。
根据上文可知,实验的过程是医生在不同的组身上施加同种程度的痛苦,这些组听不同的节目。
接下来应介绍实验的结果:
忍受痛苦最久的一组是听一个搞笑节目的一组。
5.【解析】选E。
根据下文可知,他们试着鼓励病人笑来提高病人的健康情况。
故选E项,即结果,美国的一些医生开了大笑诊所。
如何抓取段落主题句
(1)要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意,可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉,进行综合归纳,概括文章的主题,如beingaparent,cellphone,asnormalanupbringingaspossible,Thatwouldn’tbegoodeitherformykidsorsociety等。
(2)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫主题词。
(3)把握主题句(topicsentence)。
主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处,因此,在阅读时,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。
阅读理解
A
JermaineWashington,26,didsomethingthatamazesmanypeople.Hegaveanimportantorgantoawomanwhohedescribes(描述)as“justafriend”.
JermainemetMichelleStevens,23,whentheybeganworkingtogetherinWashingtonDC.Theyusedtohavelunchwithoneanotherandchatduringbreaks.“HewassomebodyIcouldtalkto.”saysMichelle.“Oneday,Icriedonhisshoulder.Ihadbeenonthekidney(肾)donor(捐赠者)waitinglistfor11months,andIhadlostallhope.”
ShetoldJermainehowsaditwastospendthreedaysaweek,threehoursaday,onakidneydialysis(透析)machine.“Isawmyfrienddyingbeforemyeyes,”Jermainesays.“WhatshouldIdo?
Sitbackandwatchherdie?
”
Michelle’smother,whowassufferingfromanillnesswasunabletodonateakidney.Hertwoelderbrotherswerereluctant(不愿意的).“Iunderstood,”saysMichelle,“Theysaidtheylovedmeverymuch,buttheywerejusttooafraid.”
TheoperationatWashingtonHospitalCenterhadalotofpainfulprocedures(步骤),butJermaineneverchangedhisdecisionandneverregrettedwhathehaddoneforMichelle.
Today,bothMichelleandJermainearefine.Threetimesamonth,theygettogetherforwhattheycalla“thank-youlunch”.Thoughtheirfriendshopetheywillgetmarried,aromanticrelationshipisnotwhattheywant.“Wearethankfulforthebeautifulfriendshipthatwehave,”Michellesays.“Wedon’twanttomessupagoodthing.”
【语篇概述】本文讲述了26岁的JermaineWashington向一名女同事捐赠肾脏的感人故事。
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,inmanypeople’sopinion,Jerm
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