牛津上海版8A语法时态综合讲解及练习有答案.docx
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牛津上海版8A语法时态综合讲解及练习有答案.docx
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牛津上海版8A语法时态综合讲解及练习有答案
语法:
时态语态综合
初中阶段考查8种时态,分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
今天我们涉及6个时态,分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,目前中考主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时这四种时态的被动语态以及含情态动词的被动语态。
只有及物动词才有被动语态。
它的基本结构为:
be动词+及物动词的过去分词。
所有的时态变化在be动词上。
动词时态:
时态
常用的提示语
一般现在时
(1)be(am/is/are)
(2)do(does)
always,usually,sometimes,often,every,onceaweek,inthemorning,inDecember,inspring,onMondays等。
一般过去时
(1)be(was/were)
(2)did
ago,justnow,before2010,yesterday,lastFriday,once,theotherday,thosedays,comeuponatime,longbefore等。
一般将来时
willdo
tomorrow,thecoming…,inthefuture,nextTuesday,intowhours,someday,soon,beforelong,thisevening等。
现在进行时
am/is/aredoing
now,atthemoment,look,listen,bequite,thesedays,still等。
过去进行时
was/weredoing
thistimeyesterday,atthattime,from9to11lastFriday,when,while等。
现在完成时
have/hasdone
since,for,already,yet,just,inthepastfewyears/months,inthelastfewweeks/months/days等。
过去完成时
haddone
过去将来时
woulddo
动词语态
一般现在时被动语态的构成和用法
am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时被动语态的构成和用法
was/were+及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时被动语态的构成和用法
willbe+及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成和用法
have/hasbeen+及物动词的过去分词
※含情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
※短语动词的被动语态
把短语看作整体,根据动词的形式用相应时态的被动语态
主动语态转换为被动语态
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;
(2)把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的be+done,时态看主动;
(3)把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by+宾语
注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况:
一.被动语态中不定式要还原
Let/make/see/hear/watchsb.dosth.-----sb.belet/made/seen/heard/watchedtodosth.
Mymothermademelookafterthelittlesisteryesterday.
----Iwasmadetolookafterthelittlesisterbymymotheryesterday.
二.有些动词没有被动语态。
(及物动词才有被动语态)
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand
breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.
2) 系动词无被动语态:
appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn
3)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto
4) 系动词无被动语态:
appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn
5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
Iwanttogonow.
三.主动表示被动的几种情况
1)有些不及物动词形式上为主动,但是表示被动含义。
这本书销路很好。
Thisbooksellswell.
这本小说读起来很有趣。
Thisnovelreadswell.
肉很容易切。
Meatcutseasily.
此类词还有lock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw
2)有些进行时,形式上主动,但含被动之意。
Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.
Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.
3)介词短语作表语,主动表示被动
Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.
Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.
Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.
Practice
I.Choosethebestanswer.(选择题)
()1.Weusually__________fourclassesinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.
A)hasB)haveC)ishavingD)had
()2.—Yourphonenumberagain?
I__________quitecatchit.
—It’s9566442.
A)mustn’tB)don’tC)didn’tD)needn’t
()3.Theteachersinourschool______onatwo-daytriptothemountainslastweekend.
A)goB)goesC)wentD)willgo
()4.“Sam,turnthemusicdown!
Yoursister______herhomeworkinthenextroomnow.”saidthemother.
A)doB)didC)wasdoingD)isdoing
()5.WhenIcameintotheroom,Arthur_____acomputergameexcitedly.
A)playedB)wouldplayC)wasplayingD)hasplayed
()6.Inthisrestaurant,Yangzhoufriedrice_____onlyforlunchanddinner.
A)servesB)servedC)isservingD)isserved
()7.Mymothertoldmethatthemoon______itslightfromthesun.
A)getsB)getC)gotD)hasgot
()8.Myaunt_____Englishinthisschoolsinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.
A)taughtB)hastaughtC)willteachD)teaches
()9.Goodservice______byChinaduringtheWorldExpoinShanghaiin2010.
A)providedB)hasprovidedC)wasprovidedD)hasbeenprovided
()10.Mary______hereforoverthreemonths.
A)hascomeB)hasgoneC)hasgotD)hasbeen
()11.EveryoneintheneighborhoodknowsmeforI______hereforover20years.
A)livedB)havelivedC)willliveD)amliving
()12.Computers______ourlifegreatlysincetheycameintousemanyyearsago.
A)changeB)havechangedC)willchangeD)wouldchange
()13.Thousandsofpeoplewereinjuredintheterribleearthquake.Andtheinjured______tothehospitalatonce.
A)havebeentakenB)hasbeentakenC)wastakenD)weretaken
()14.Theladyisalways______inwhiteattheparty.
A)wearingB)dressingC)wornD)dressed
()15.McDonaldmenuprices______inChinaby0.50yuanto1yuanperitemlastNovember.
A)roseB)raisedC)liftedD)grew
()16.Seeingnooneintheroom,Jackatoncerealizedhe______byTomandMary.
A)foolB)fooledC)wasfooledD)fools
【答案】1.B;2.C;3.C;4.D;5.C;6.D7.A;8.B;9.C;10.D;11.B12.B;13.D;14.D;15.A;16.C
II.Rewritethefollowingsentencesasrequired.(根据所给要求,改写下列句子,每空格限填一词)
1.Thegovernmenthelpedthevictimsofthe11.15Fire.(改为被动语态)
Thevictimsofthe11.15Fire__________helpedbythegovernment.
2.Wemustcatchthekidnappersinashorttime.(改为被动语态)
Thekidnappersmust______________________inashorttime.
3.Thereporterwillinterviewthewinnerof"China’sgotTalent"thisevening.(改为被动语态)
Thewinnerof"China’sgotTalent"will____________________bythereporterthisevening.
4.MyfriendJoneswrotesomearticlesaboutmemorylastmonth.(改为被动语态)
Somearticlesaboutmemory____________________bymyfriendJoneslastmonth.
5.Youwritealltheanswersontheanswersheet.(改为被动语态)
Alltheanswers____________________ontheanswersheet.
6.Abigfiredamagedahigh-risebuildinginShanghaitwomonthsago.(改为被动语态)
Ahigh-risebuilding____________________byabigfireinShanghaitwomonthsago.
7.TheterribleearthquakedestroyedmanyhousesinWenchuanin2008.(改为被动语态)
ManyhousesinWenchuan____________________bytheterribleearthquakein2008.
【答案】
1.were;2.becaught;3.bereviewed;4.werewritten;5.arewritten;6.wasdamaged;7.weredestroyed
Homework
I.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案)
1.Iwillgivehimthenewsassoonashe______backfromBeijingtomorrow.
A)comeB)willcomeC)comesD)came
2.TheBrowns______apartyinthegardenifitisfinethisweekend.
A)haveB)willhaveC)werehavingD)had
3.Thestudents______thefarmerscutthericethistimeyesterday.
A)helpedB)willhelpC)arehelpingD)werehelping
4.Theforeignteacher______basketballwithhisstudentsat4:
30yesterdayafternoon.
A)playedB)wasplayingC)hasplayedD)hadplayed
5.Comeon!
We______presentsforTom'stomorrow'sfifteenthbirthdaynow.
A)chooseB)choseC)arechoosingD)willchoose
6.Weshouldprotectwater,foronly3percentoftheworld'swater______freshwater.
A)isB)areC)willbeD)havebeen
7.Myaunt______Americaonbusinessforfouryears.
A)hasbeentoB)hasbeeninC)hasgonetoD)hadgoneto
8.242,000people______inthe1976TangshanearthquakeinChina.
A)killedB)havekilledC)werekilledD)havebeenkilled
9.Acompetitiononfishing______nearourtownlastDecember.
A)washeldB)tooktheplaceC)happenedD)held
10.Sherry______Francemanytimes,sosheisveryfamiliarwithitscapitalcity,Paris.
A)visitedB)willvisitC)hasvisitedD)isvisiting
11.Thisbook______everybody.
A)isknownbyB)isknownforC)isknowntoD)isknownas
12.Stop______aboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimproveit.
A)complainB)tocomplainC)complainingD)complained
13.Bytheendoflastweek,Mr.andMrs.SimonmanycitiesandtownsinChina.
A)havevisitedB)visitedC)hadvisitedD)willvisit
14.Bytheendof2010,China______anumberofgreatinternationaleventssuchastheOlympic
Games,theWorldExpoandtheAsianGames.
A)haveheldB)heldC)hadheldD)willhold
15.They______theirclassroomtowelcomethecomingChristmastomorrowafternoon.
A)decorateB)willdecorateC)aredecoratingD)decorated
16.TheHungarianstudent______inBeijingsincehe______toChina.
A)stayed,cameB)stays,cameC)hasstayed,cameD)hadstayed,came
17.I______thekeytothedoor,soIcan’tentertheroomnow.
A)lostB)hadlostC)havelostD)waslost
18.Hesaidlight______muchfasterthansound.
A)travelledB)travelsC)istravellingD)wastravelling
19.InChinachildren______.
A)istakengoodcareofB)aretakengoodcareof
C)aretakenwellcareofD)aretakengoodcare
20Howlongago______playingsoldiers?
A)haveyoustoppedB)hadyoustopped
C)didyoustopD)doyoustop
21.—Haveyoumovedintothehouse?
—Notyet.Therooms______.
A)arepaintingB)arepainted
C)arebeenpaintedD)arebeingpainted
22.Since1978,greatchanges______inChina.
A)tookplaceB)havebeentakenplace
C)havetakenplaceD)aretakenplace
23.Sinceyoudon’twanttogo,I______alone.
A)willgoB)goC)wentD)havebeen
24.It’sthethirdtimeyou______latethisweek.
A)hadarrivedB)arrivedC)havearrivedD)arrive
25.Hisparentsdidnotknowwhy______hishomework.
A)didhenotdoB)didhenottodo
C)hehadnotdoneD)hehaddonenot
26.Bytheendoflastterm,we______Englishfortwoyears.
A)havestudiedB)havebeenstudied
C)wouldstudyD)h
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