1、牛津上海版8A语法时态综合讲解及练习有答案语法：时态语态综合初中阶段考查8种时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。今天我们涉及6个时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，目前中考主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时这四种时态的被动语态以及含情态动词的被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。它的基本结构为：be动词+及物动词的过去分词。所有的时态变化在be动词 上。动词时态
2、：时态常用的提示语一般现在时(1)be(am/is/are)(2)do(does)always, usually, sometimes, often, every, once a week, in the morning, in December, in spring, on Mondays 等。一般过去时(1)be(was/were)(2)didago, just now, before 2010, yesterday, last Friday, once, the other day, those days, come upon a time, long before 等。一般将来时wil
3、l dotomorrow, the coming , in the future, next Tuesday, in tow hours, some day, soon, before long, this evening 等。现在进行时am/is/are doingnow, at the moment, look, listen, be quite, these days, still 等。过去进行时was/were doingthis time yesterday, at that time, from 9 to 11 last Friday, when, while 等。现在完成时hav
4、e/has donesince, for, already, yet, just, in the past few years/months, in the last few weeks/months/days 等。过去完成时had done过去将来时would do动词语态一般现在时被动语态的构成和用法am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时被动语态的构成和用法was/were+及物动词的过去分词一般将来时被动语态的构成和用法will be+及物动词的过去分词现在完成时被动语态的构成和用法have/has been+及物动词的过去分词含情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+及物动词的过去
5、分词短语动词的被动语态把短语看作整体，根据动词的形式用相应时态的被动语态主动语态转换为被动语态(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；(2) 把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的be+ done,时态看主动；(3) 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by+宾语注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：一被动语态中不定式要还原Let/make/see/hear/watch sb. do sth.- sb. be let/made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.My mother made me look after the little sister yesterday.-I was
6、 made to look after the little sister by my mother yesterday.二有些动词没有被动语态。(及物动词才有被动语态) 1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die，disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 2)系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become, fal
7、l, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 3) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 4)系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become
8、, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 I want to go now.三主动表示被动的几种情况1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。这本书销路很好。 This book sells well.这本小说读起来很有趣。This novel reads well.肉很容易切。Meat cuts easily.此类词还有lock, shut, open, move, write, sell, wash, clean,
9、catch, draw2）有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意。The book is printing. = The book is being printed.The house is building. = The house is being built.3）介词短语作表语，主动表示被动The question is now under discussion.The fire was finally under control.All these old buildings are under repairs.PracticeI. Choose the best answer. (选择
10、题)( ) 1. We usually_ four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. A) has B) have C) is having D) had( ) 2.Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.Its 9566442.A) mustnt B) dont C) didnt D) neednt( ) 3. The teachers in our school _ on a two-day trip to the mountains last weekend. A) go B)
11、 goes C) went D) will go( ) 4.“Sam, turn the music down! Your sister _ her homework in the next room now.” said the mother. A) do B) did C) was doing D) is doing( ) 5. When I came into the room, Arthur _ a computer game excitedly. A) played B) would play C) was playing D) has played( ) 6. In this re
12、staurant, Yangzhou fried rice _ only for lunch and dinner. A) serves B) served C) is serving D) is served( ) 7. My mother told me that the moon _ its light from the sun. A) gets B) get C) got D) has got( ) 8. My aunt _ English in this school since she graduated from the university. A) taught B) has
13、taught C) will teach D) teaches ( ) 9. Good service _ by China during the World Expo in Shanghai in 2010. A) provided B) has provided C) was provided D)has been provided( ) 10. Mary _ here for over three months. A) has come B) has gone C) has got D) has been( ) 11. Everyone in the neighborhood knows
14、 me for I _ here for over 20 years. A) lived B) have lived C) will live D) am living( ) 12. Computers_ our life greatly since they came into use many years ago. A) change B) have changed C) will change D) would change( ) 13. Thousands of people were injured in the terrible earthquake. And the injure
15、d _ to the hospital at once.A) have been taken B) has been taken C) was taken D) were taken( ) 14. The lady is always _ in white at the party.A) wearing B) dressing C)worn D) dressed( ) 15. McDonald menu prices _ in China by 0.50 yuan to 1 yuan per item last November. A) rose B) raised C) lifted D)g
16、rew( ) 16. Seeing no one in the room, Jack at once realized he _ by Tom and Mary. A) fool B) fooled C) was fooled D) fools【答案】1. B; 2.C; 3. C; 4. D; 5. C; 6. D 7. A; 8. B; 9. C; 10. D; 11. B 12. B; 13. D; 14. D; 15. A; 16.CII. Rewrite the following sentences as required. (根据所给要求，改写下列句子，每空格限填一词)1. Th
17、e government helped the victims of the 11.15 Fire. (改为被动语态 ) The victims of the 11.15 Fire _ helped by the government.2. We must catch the kidnappers in a short time. (改为被动语态 ) The kidnappers must _ _ in a short time.3. The reporter will interview the winner of Chinas got Talent this evening. (改为被动语
18、态）The winner of Chinas got Talent will _ _ by the reporter this evening.4. My friend Jones wrote some articles about memory last month. (改为被动语态) Some articles about memory _ _ by my friend Jones last month.5. You write all the answers on the answer sheet. (改为被动语态) All the answers _ _ on the answer s
19、heet.6. A big fire damaged a high-rise building in Shanghai two months ago . (改为被动语态) A high-rise building _ _ by a big fire in Shanghai two months ago.7. The terrible earthquake destroyed many houses in Wenchuan in 2008.（改为被动语态）Many houses in Wenchuan _ _ by the terrible earthquake in 2008.【答案】1. w
20、ere; 2. be caught; 3. be reviewed; 4. were written; 5. are written; 6. was damaged; 7. were destroyedHomeworkI. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)1. I will give him the news as soon as he_ back from Beijing tomorrow.A) come B) will come C) comes D) came2. The Browns _ a party in the garden if it is
21、fine this weekend. A) have B) will have C) were having D)had3. The students _ the farmers cut the rice this time yesterday. A) helped B) will help C) are helping D) were helping4. The foreign teacher _ basketball with his students at 4:30 yesterday afternoon.A) played B) was playing C) has played D)
22、 had played5. Come on! We _ presents for Toms tomorrows fifteenth birthday now.A) choose B) chose C)are choosing D) will choose6. We should protect water, for only 3 percent of the worlds water _ fresh water.A) is B)are C) will be D) have been7. My aunt _ America on business for four years. A) has b
23、een to B) has been in C) has gone to D) had gone to8. 242,000 people _ in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.A) killed B) have killed C) were killed D) have been killed9. A competition on fishing _ near our town last December. A) was held B) took the place C)happened D)held10. Sherry _ France man
24、y times, so she is very familiar with its capital city, Paris.A) visited B) will visit C) has visited D) is visiting11. This book _ everybody.A) is known by B) is known for C) is known to D) is known as12. Stop _ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it.A) complain B) to comp
25、lain C) complaining D) complained 13. By the end of last week, Mr. and Mrs. Simon many cities and towns in China.A) have visited B) visited C) had visited D) will visit14. By the end of 2010, China _ a number of great international events such as the Olympic Games, the World Expo and the Asian Games
26、. A) have held B)held C) had held D) will hold15. They _ their classroom to welcome the coming Christmas tomorrow afternoon. A) decorate B) will decorate C) are decorating D) decorated16.The Hungarian student _ in Beijing since he _ to China.A) stayed, came B) stays, came C) has stayed, came D) had
27、stayed, came17.I _ the key to the door, so I cant enter the room now.A) lost B) had lost C) have lost D) was lost18. He said light _ much faster than sound.A) travelled B) travels C) is travelling D) was travelling19. In China children _ .A) is taken good care of B) are taken good care of C) are tak
28、en well care of D) are taken good care20 How long ago _ playing soldiers?A) have you stopped B) had you stopped C) did you stop D) do you stop21.Have you moved into the house?Not yet. The rooms _.A) are painting B) are painted C) are been painted D) are being painted22. Since 1978, great changes _ i
29、n China.A) took place B) have been taken place C) have taken place D) are taken place23. Since you dont want to go, I _ alone.A) will go B) go C) went D) have been24.Its the third time you _ late this week.A) had arrived B) arrived C) have arrived D) arrive25. His parents did not know why _ his homework.A) did he not do B) did he not to doC) he had not done D) he had done not26. By the end of last term, we _ English for two years.A) have studied B) have been studied C) would study D) h
