高考专题名词性从句.docx
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高考专题名词性从句.docx
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高考专题名词性从句
—名词性从句讲解与练习
主语从句作主语,如:
Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.
宾语从句作宾语,如:
Iwillgotothatshopandseewhethertheyhaveatelephone.
名词性从句表语从句作表语,如:
Thedifficultywashowhecouldprovehisideastootherscientists.
同位语从句作同位语,如:
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
1.名词性从句的语序:
名词性从句一律使用陈述语序;
2.名词性从句的结构:
连接词:
that,if,whether
3.名词性从句的引导词连接代词:
what,who,whom,which,whose;whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever
连接副词:
when,where,why,how;whenever,wherever,however
4.名词性从句引导词的功能
(1)连接作用
连接词:
连接主从句,不充当句子成分;if,whether的含义为“是否”;
(2)句法功能连接代词:
连接主从句,且具有一定的含义,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;
连接副词:
连接主从句,且具有一定的含义,在从句中作状语。
例:
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.
5.名词性从句在句中的位置
(1)宾语从句
(2)主语从句
(3)表语从句(4)同位语从句
一、宾语从句
1.宾语从句的定义:
在复合句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句,如:
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.
2.宾语从句在句中的位置
连接词:
if,that,whether
3.宾语从句的引导词以及句法功能连接代词:
what,which,who,whom,whose;
whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
连接副词:
when,where,why,how
●分类解析
(1)由连接词that,if,whether引导的宾语从句
他认为战争是一件可怕的事情。
我想知道他明天是否会来。
(2)由连接代词what,who,whom,which,whose;whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever引导的宾语从句
你知道他们在等谁吗?
我不想知道你们在谈论谁。
(3)由连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句
他没有告诉我什么时候我们可以再次见面。
他问我我是什么时候回来的。
他不知道为什么他被拒绝了。
●典例过手
_________hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedallofus.
_________hesaidsoatthemeetingsurprisedallofus.
A.WhoB.ThatC.WhereD.What
Haveyoudetermined_________youshouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
A.whatB.whichC.howD.who
4.宾语从句使用注意事项
(1)宾语从句的时态
主句为一般现在时,从句:
可以使用任何时态;
主句为一般过去时,从句:
使用相应的过去时态(包括:
一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)
从句表示客观事实或规律时,从句:
使用一般现在时
Shedidn’tknowwhat______________________(happen).
Shewassorrythatshe_____________________(finish)theworkontime.
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravels(travel)fasterthansound.
5.含有宾语从句的反义疑问句
含有宾语从句的反义疑问句,反义部分的主语与谓语与主句保持一致,但当主句主语为第一人称且主句谓语动词为:
believe,think,suppose,imagine,expect时,反义部分的主语与谓语与宾语从句保持一致,如:
Wetoldthemwewouldgotherenextweek,____________________?
HesaidthathewouldcomebacknextMonday,_____________________?
TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,______________________?
二、表语从句
1.表语从句的定义:
2.表语从句在句中的位置:
位于系动词之后
连接词:
that,whether
3.表语从句的引导词以及句法功能连接代词:
what,which,who,whom,whose;
连接副词:
when,where,why,how
●分类解析
(1)由连接词that,whether引导的表语从句
麻烦是他丢了他的地址。
(2)由连接代词what,who,whom,which引导的表语从句
那正是他所担心的。
(3)由连接副词when,where,why,how引导的表语从句
那就是为什么他昨天得了感冒。
●典例过手
Thereason________Ihavetogois__________mymotherisillinbed.
A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because
三、主语从句
1.主语从句的定义:
2.主语从句在句中的位置:
连接词:
if,that,whether
3.主语从句的引导词以及句法功能连接代词:
what,which,who,whom,whose;
whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
连接副词:
when,where,why,how;whenever,wherever,however
●分类解析
(1)由连接词that,if,whether引导的主语从句
他获得了第一名,这使得他的父母很高兴。
(2)由连接代词what,who,whom,which,whose;whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever引导的主语从句
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害别人。
(3)由连接副词when,where,why,how;whenever,wherever,however引导的主语从句
这事怎样发生的还不清楚。
●典例过手
_________certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.
A.ThatisB.ThisisC.ItisD.Ithas
4.it形式主语
4.it形式主语
a.It+be+adj.+that+从句,如:
it’sclear/natural/obvious/strangethat+句子
b.It+be+名词词组+that+从句,如:
it’sapity/asurprise/nowonderthat+句子
c.It+be+过去分词+that+从句,如:
it’ssaid/reported/believed/expectedthat+句子;
d.It+不及物动词+that+从句,如:
it(so)happenedthat+句子
四、同位语从句
1.同位语从句的定义:
同位语从句常见先行词:
fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词。
2.同位语从句的句型结构:
连接词:
that,whether
3.同位语从句的引导词以及句法功能连接代词:
what,who,which,whom
连接副词:
when,where,why,how
●分类解析
(1)由连接词that,whether引导的同位语从句
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
(2)由连接代词what,who,whom,which引导的同位语从句
他不知道下一步该做什么。
(3)由连接副词when,where,why,how引导的同位语从句
我们还没有解决到哪儿去度假的问题。
●典例过手
Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear__________hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
ThenewsthatsomepeoplehavesuicideinFushikangCompanyshockedeveryone.
Thenewshetoldmeyesterdayistrue.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
定语从句是对先行词的修饰、限定
定义不同
同位语从句是对先行词具体内容的解释与说明
在定语从句中,that为关系代词,代替先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语
that功能不同
在同位语从句中,that不作句子成分,且通常不能被省略
一、名词性从句与定语从句的区别
定语从句常易与主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句相混淆。
判断的方法是:
1.由连接词、连接代词或连接副词引导的句子直接充当句中某一成分,即为名词性从句;
2.如果从句修饰前面的一个名词或代词(即先行词),或指代整个句子的内容,即为定语从句;
3.准确识记定语从句的关系词以及名词性从句的引导词,判定主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句在句中位置
关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,whose,as
定语从句关系词
关系副词:
when,where,why
连接词:
that,if,whether
名词性从句引导词连接代词:
what,which,who,whom,whose;whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
连接副词:
when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however
Shenzhenisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
Shenzhenisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.
二、引导词that不可省略
1.动词后有多个并列的宾语从句时,从第二处从句起that不可省略,如:
Theteachertoldthestudents(that)theyshouldhandintheirhomeworkthenextdayandthatthehomeworkmustbesignednamesbytheirparents.
2.为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不可省略。
Thattheywouldtaketheriskwasveryclear.
3.that引导表语从句、同位语从句时一般不能省略
Thepolicereportthatthedrugshadbeenfoundappearedinthepressyesterday.
三、只用whether不用if的情况
1.引导主语从句,且于句首时;
2.引导表语从句、同位语从句,用whether不能用if;
3.介词之后、不定式之前,用whether不能用if,如:
我对他们是否会来不感兴趣。
四、should型虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
表示“坚持”:
insist,“命令”:
order,command,“建议”:
advise,suggest,propose,“要求”:
demand,desire,require,request的动词,以及名词order,command,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desire,requirement,request在名词性从句中,从句谓语动词应使用should+do或should+notdo的形式,如:
Isuggestthatweshouldholdameetingnextweek.
Hisadviceisthatweshouldgetmorepeopletoattendtheconference.
Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouare(be)ill.
1.________hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.
A.WhateverB.IC.ThatD.Nomatterwhat
2.Thisis_________theShenzhouⅤSpaceshiplanded.
A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.then
3.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear_________hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
4._______isnopossibility________Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether
5._________hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If
6._________alltheinventionshaveincommonis_________theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.What;thatD.That;what
7.________causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
8.__________haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
A.WhoeverB.NomatterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who
9.Ithasnotbeendecided________theywillleaveforNewYork.
A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what
10.Itissaid_______________wasall_______hesaid.
A.that;that;thatB.what;what;whatC.that;which;whatD.that;that;which
11._________movedusmostwas________helookedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;thatB.What;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
12._________youdiditisnotknowntoall.
A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which
13._________isstillaquestion_________willwin.
A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that
14.Insomecountries,________arecalled“publicschools”arenotownedbythestate.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
15.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust______worriesthepublic.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what
16._______DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.That’swhyshehasmadehermindtoleavewithhim_______happens.
A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whatever
C.Nomatterwhat;nomatterwhatD.Whatever;however
17._______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
18.Marywroteanarticleon_______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
19.DOyouhaveanyidea__________isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?
A.thatB.whatC.asD.which
20.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_______itisroughorsmooth.
A./B.whetherC.howD.what
21.Imagineyouareinthissituation,anddiscuss_________youshoulddosomethingatonce.
A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether
22.I’vejustreadamovingstorywhichhappenedinYushuEarthquake._________myfaceisbathedintears.
A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show
23.Whatsurprisedmealotwasthathedidn’tknow_______thedifferencebetween“tell”and“ask”lay.
A.whatB.thatC.whereD.which
24.It’sbynomeansclear_________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.
A.howB.whichC.thatD.what
25.________maketherivermorebeautifularethelotusplantsgrowinginthewater.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ItD.Where
Ⅰ.名词性从句巩固提升训练
1.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow_________.
A.didthequarrelcomeaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.wasthequarrelcomeabout
2.Energyis_______makesthingwork.
A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that
3._______themeetingsshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where
4.Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggray.
A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
5._________youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How
6.Itiswidely________thatsmokin
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