英国文学.docx
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英国文学.docx
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英国文学
EnglishLiterature
沈鹏,姚丞杰,董航,王飞,张迅
.OldandMedievalEnglishLiterature
ImportantLiteraryTerms
OldEnglish:
LanguagespokenbytheAnglo-SaxoniscalledtheOldEnglish,whichisthefoundationofEnglishlanguageandliterature.
Romance:
TheRomancewastheprevailingformofliteratureintheMiddleAges.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.
ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks
1.Beowulf
BeowulfistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguageandthemostimportantspecimenofAnglo-Saxonliterature.Themainstoriesarebasedonthefolklegendsoftheprimitivenortherntribes.
2.ReligiousPoets
Caedmon(610-680)
CaedmonisthefirstknownreligiouspoetofEngland.HeisknownasthefatherofEnglishsong.
Cynewulf:
Cynewulflivedinthe9thcentury.Heproducedfourpoems,ofwhichTheChrististhemostcharacteristic.
3.ProseWriters
VenerableBede(673-735)
AlfredtheGreat(848-901)
4.TheRomance
SirGawinandtheGreenKnight
Itisaverse-romanceof2,530linesderivedfromCelticlegend.
5.AgeofChaucer
The14thcenturyiscalled“AgeofChaucer”.ChaucerandLanglandwerethemostimportantwritersoftheage.
GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)
GeoffreyChaucerisacclaimednotonlyas“theFatherofEnglishpoetry”,butalsoas“theFatherofEnglishfiction”.
TheCanterburyTales
6.The15thCenturyBallads
TomasMalory(1395-1471)
Morted’Arthur
陈梦佳,竹娉娉,陆艳华,茅青云,余彦菁
TheRenaissance
PhilipSidney
--representstheRenaissanceidealof“thecompleteman”
Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》
AstrophelandStella《阿斯特罗菲尔与斯特拉》
DefenseofPoetry《为诗歌辩护》
EdmundSpenser
--“thepoets’poet”inEnglishliterature
--aperfectmelody;araresenseofbeauty;asplendidimagination,aloftymoralpurityandseriousness,andadedicatedidealism
--Spenserianstanza
Epithalamion《贺新婚曲》
TheFaerieQueene《仙后》
ThomasMore
--Englishhumanist
Utopia《乌托邦》
WilliamShakespeare
--dramatist
--37playsand154sonnets
HenryVI《亨利六世》
AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》
TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》
AsYouLikeit《皆大欢喜》
TwelfthNight《第十二夜》
Hamlet《哈姆雷特》
Othello《奥赛罗》
KingLear《李尔王》
Mecbeth《麦克白》
RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
TheTempest《暴风雨》
Sonnet18十四行诗第18首
FrancisBacon
--aphilosopher,ascientistandthefirstEnglishessayist
--foundationformodernscience
Essays《论说文集》
Ofstudies《论学习》
TheAdvancementofLearning《论学问的进步》
NovumOrganum《论新工具》
JohnDonne
--“metaphysicalschool”
--areligiouspoetobsessedwithdeath
--loveistheunionofsoulandbody
TheSunRising《升起的太阳》
TheHolySonnets《神圣体十四行诗》
TheSongsandSonnets《歌谣与十四行诗》
Death,BeNotProud《死亡,你别骄傲》
JohnMilton
--arealrevolutionary,amasterpoetandagreatprosewriter
Areopagitica《论出版自由》
ParadiseLost《失乐园》
ParadiseRegained《复乐园》
SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》
.ThePeriodofRevolutionandRevolutionandRestoration
1.Literatureofthe17thCenturyRevolutionPeriod(17世纪资产阶级革命时期的文学)
LiteratureoftheRevolutionPeriod(AgeofMilton)
Poetrywasthemainliteraryformofthisperiod.Amongthepoets,Miltonwasthegreatest.Besides,thereweretwoothergroupsofpoets,theMetaphysical(玄学派)andtheCavalierpoets(骑士派).
LiteratureoftheRestorationPeriod(AgeofDryden)
Restorationliteratureischaracterizedbyacliquish(小集团的)culturecenteringonthecourtanddeeplyinfluencedbyFrenchclassicaltaste.Thewritersoftheagedevelopedtwomarkedtendencies,tendencytoRealism(现实主义)andtendencytoFormalism(形式主义).
2.LiteraryTerm(文学术语)
Metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌)
Ittypicallyemploysunusualverseforms,complexfiguresofspeechappliedtoelaborateandsurprisingmetaphoricalconceits,andlearnedthemesdiscussedaccordingtoeccentricandunexpectedchainsofreasoning.Astheleadingfigureofthe“metaphysicalpoetry”,Donne’spoetryexhibitseachofthesecharacteristics.
3.PoetsinRevolutionaryPeriod(资产阶级革命时期的诗人)
1)JohnMilton
He’samasteroftheblankverse(无韵诗)andagreatstylist(文体学家).HetowersoverhisagejustasShakespearetowersovertheElizabethanAgeandChauceroverthemedievalAge.
ParadiseLost《失乐园》:
ItisMilton’smasterpiece.ItisaboutSatan’srebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsion(驱逐)ofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.Itisthegreatest,indeedtheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.
ParadiseRegained《复乐园》:
ItisthesequelofParadiseLost.IttellshowChristovercameSatan.
SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》:
ItisintheformofGreektragedies,fromthe“BookofJudges”(《士师记》),inthe“OldTestament”(《旧约全书》)andthemostpowerfuldramaticpoemontheGreekmodel.ItisthemostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.
2)JohnDonne
HeisthefounderoftheMetaphysicalSchool.
TheSunRising《日出》
ThesongsandSonnets《歌谣与十四行诗》
HolySonnets《神圣十四行诗》
AHymntoGodandFather《给圣父的赞美诗》
Death,Benotproud《死神莫骄妄》
AValediction:
Forbiddingmourning《分别:
莫忧伤》
Itishismasterpiece.
3)GeorgeHerbert
Heis“thesaintoftheMetaphysicalSchool”.HewasadevoutAnglicanclergymanwhobelievedthatapoetshouldsingthegloryofGod.
TheAltar《祭坛》:
InTheAltarheusestricksoftypographicallay-outtoexpresshisreligiouspiety.
EasterWings《复活节的翅膀》
4.ProseWritersinRevolutionaryPeriod(资产阶级时期的散文家)
1)JohnBunyan
JohnBunyanoccupiesthemostimportantplaceinthefieldofprosewritingofthePuritanAge.BunyanisknownforhissimpleandlivelyprosestylewhichismodeledaftertheBible.Hislanguageiseasytoread,colloquial,concreteandconcise.Theformofhiswritingisallegorical,realisticandtruetolife.
ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》:
Itisthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegory(寓言)intheEnglishlanguage.ItsthemeiseveryChristianhastotakeinhisinnerheartajourneyinordertobesaved.
GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinners《落在愤怒之神手中的罪人》
ThelifeandDeathofMr.Badman《贝德曼先生的一生》
TheHolyWar《神圣战争》
5.WritersinRestoration(王政复辟时期的作家)
1)JeremyCollier
Heisanon-conformistclergyman(非国教传教士).
AShortViewoftheImmoralityandProfanenessoftheEnglishStage《略论英国舞台上的不道德和亵渎》:
Thisessayattackedtheevilplaysandtheplaywrightsofthetime.
2)JohnDryden
AsthemostdistinguishedliteraryfigureoftheRestorationperiod,hewastheforerunneroftheEnglishclassicalschoolofliteratureinthe18thcentury.HeisthegreatestpoetbetweenMiltonandPope.Foralmost20years,hewasEngland’spoetlaureate.Heestablishedtheheroiccouplet(英雄双韵体)asthefashionforsatiric,didactic(说教的)anddescriptivepoetry.Hewascalled“thefatherofEnglishcriticism”.
TheHindandthePanther:
Itisadidacticpoem,supportingtheRomanChurch.
AllforLove《一切为了爱情》
AbsalomandAchitophel《押沙龙与阿托奈托菲尔》:
Itssubjectispoliticsanditiswritteninheroiccouplet.
AnEssayofDramaticPoesy《论戏剧诗歌》:
Thisishisbestwork.
倪云,沈丹妮,张晶,朱鲁萍
.The18thCentury(Enlightment)(1700s)
WilliamCongreve
TheWayoftheWorld(1700)
NicholasRowe
TheFairPenitent(1703)
RichardSteele
TheTenderHusband(1703)
JonathanSwift
ATaleofaTub;
TheBattleoftheBooks(1704)
JohnDennis
GroundsofCriticisminPoetry(1704)
AntoineGalland
OneThousandandOneNights(1704to1717),(thefirstEuropeantranslation)(alsoknownasTheArabianNightsinEnglish)
DanielDefoe
RobinsonCrusoe(1719);
CaptainSingleton(1720);
MollFlanders(1722).
JonathanSwift
Gulliver'sTravels(1726),(oneofthefirstnovelsinthegenreofsatire.)AModestProposal(1729)
ThomasGray
1751ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard
Voltaire
1752Micromégas(oneofthefirststoriesleaningtowardwhatlaterbecameSciencefiction)
1759Candide
LaurenceSterne
1760-1767TristramShandy
Rousseau
1761Julie,oulanouvelleHéloïse
1762Émile
HoraceWalpole
1764TheCastleofOtranto(initiallyunderapseudonymandclaimingittobeatranslationofanItalianworkfrom1529.)Thefirstgothicnovel.
OliverGoldsmith
1766TheVicarofWakefield
1773SheStoopstoConquer
Goethe
1774TheSorrowsofYoungWerther(marksthebeginningoftheRomanticismmovementintheartsandphilosophy).Atransitionthusbegan,fromthecritical,scienceinspired,enlightenmentwritingtotheromanticyearningforforcesbeyondthemundaneandforforeigntimesandplacestoinspirethesoulwithpassionandmystery.
RichardBrinsleySheridan
1777TheSchoolforScandal(acomedyofmanners)
Beaumarchais
1784TheMarriageofFigaro
MariaandHarrietFalconar
1784PoemsonSlavery
WilliamCowper
1785TheTask
RobertBurns
1786PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect
Beaumarchais
1786TheMarriageofFigaro(LeNozzediFigaro)wasadaptedintoacomicoperacomposedbyWolfgangAmadeusMozart,withlibrettobyLorenzodaPonte.
WilliamWordsworth
1793SalisburyPlain
DenisDiderot
1796Jacqueslefataliste
MatthewLewis
1796TheMonk(controversial,anti-catholicnovel)
CharlotteTurnerSmith
1796Marchmont
SamuelTaylorColeridge&WilliamWordsworth
1798LyricalBallads(acentraltextofRomanticpoetry)
孙超,史佳雯,张倩,梁莹
.RomanticPeriod
Name
Writings
CNWritings
WilliamWordsworth
LyricalBallads
TinternAbbey
Prelude
抒情歌谣集
丁登寺旁
序曲
SamuelTaylorColeridge
TheRimeofTheAncientMariner
KublaKhan
Christalbel
BiographiaLiteraria
老水手之行
忽必烈汉
克丽斯塔贝尔
文学传记
GeorgeGordonByron
ChildeHarold
DonJuan
洽尔德.哈罗德游记
唐璜
该隐
PercyByssheShelley
OdetotheWestWind
ToaSkylark
PrometheusUnbound
ADefenceofPoetry
西风颂
云雀颂
解放了的普罗米修斯
诗辩
JohnKeats
OdetoaNightingale
OdetoanGrecianUrn
Isabella
夜鹰颂
希腊古瓮颂
伊莎贝拉
JaneAusten
SenseandSensibility
NorthangerAbbey
MansfieldPark
PrideandPreju
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