高级英语张汉熙笔记.docx
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高级英语张汉熙笔记.docx
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高级英语张汉熙笔记
UnitOneTheMiddleEasternBazaar
Lead-in
TextualStructureoftheText
DetailedStudyoftheText
RhetoricalDevices
TheMiddleEast
GenerallyreferringtotheareafromAfghanistantoEgypt,includingtheArabianPeninsula,Cyprus,andAsiaticTurkey.
TheMiddleEastisalooselydefinedgeographicregion;thecountrieslistedaregenerallyconsideredpartoftheMiddleEast.TheseMiddleEastcountriesarepartoftheAsiancontinent,withtheexceptionofEgypt,whichispartofAfrica,andthenorthwesternpartofTurkey,whichispartoftheEuropeanlandmass.
Richinoil,linkingpointofthreecontinents.Nearbyfiveseas:
BlackSea,MediterraneanSea,RedSea,ArabianSea,CaspianSea(里海)
Bazaar
Bazaar:
Amarketconsistingofastreetlinedwithshopsandstalls,especiallyoneintheMiddleEast.
---handicrafteconomy,contrasttothemodernsociety
ThreefamousbazaarsintheMiddleEast:
TheKhanKhaliliBazaarinCairo,Egypt
埃及开罗汗·哈利利集市
TheGrandBazaarinIstanbul,Turkey
土耳其伊斯坦布尔大市集
TheDamascusBazaarinSyria
叙利亚大马士革集市
China’smostbusiestmarkets:
XiushuiStreetandDaZhaLaninBeijing
北京大栅栏和秀水街
References
“ThehistoryofMiddleEast”
(MesopotamiaCivilization,CivilizationofAncientEgypt,MiddleEastWars)
“TheBible—OldTestament”
(thefirsthalfoftheChristianBible)
“Talmud”塔尔穆德(犹太法典)
(thebasisofreligiousauthorityinOrthodoxJudaism)犹太法典中的几句箴言
有四种人,一种人说:
“我的是我的,你的是你的。
”这是平凡人;一种人说:
“我的是你的,你的是我的。
”这是庸俗人;一种人说:
“你的我的全是我的。
”这是邪恶人;一种人说:
“我的你的全是你的。
”这是敬虔人。
上帝不以男人的头创造女人,因为女人不可支配男人;但也不以男人的脚创造女人,因为女人不可成为男人的奴隶;而以男人的肋骨创造女人,因为要她永远贴近他的心。
20岁不潇洒,30岁不成业,40岁不富有,50岁不幸福,那一辈子就完了。
SectionI(Para1)
3.Youpassfromtheheatandglareofabig,opensquareintoacool,darkcavernwhichextendsasfarastheeyecansee,losingitselfintheshadowydistance.
heatcool
Glaredark
opensquarecavern
asfarastheeyecansee
thewordseyeandearareusedinthesingularformnottomeantheconcreteorganofsightorhearingbutsomethingabstract;theyareoftenusedfiguratively.Heretheeyemeansman’spowerofseeingoreyesight.
Shehasaneyeforbeauty.(审美眼光)
Shehasanearformusic.(对音乐有鉴赏力)
Theboyhasasharpeye.(敏锐的眼光)
Thebigpostercaughtmyeye.(引起某人注意)
Keepaneyeonthatmischievousboy.(留意,照看)
Toturnablindeyetosth.(对…视而不见)
Toturnadeafeartosth.(对…充耳不闻)
Glare:
strong,fierce,unpleasantlight,notsoagreeableandwelcomea“brightsunlight”刺眼的光
太阳光很刺眼,我得戴上墨镜。
Ihavetowearsunglassesbecauseoftheglareofthesun.
Cavern:
acave,especiallyalargecave.Here,itisalong,narrow,darkstreetofworkshopsandshopswithsomesortofroofoverthem.
Inourtextitmeansthebazaarlookslikeacavernbecauseitisalong,narrow,anddarkstreetofworkshopsandshopswithsomesortofaroofoverit.Heretheauthoremployedametaphor(隐喻,暗喻)toachievevividness.
Glare:
strong,fierce,unpleasantlight,notsoagreeableandwelcomea“brightsunlight”刺眼的光
太阳光很刺眼,我得戴上墨镜。
Ihavetowearsunglassesbecauseoftheglareofthesun.
Cavern:
acave,especiallyalargecave.Here,itisalong,narrow,darkstreetofworkshopsandshopswithsomesortofroofoverthem.
Inourtextitmeansthebazaarlookslikeacavernbecauseitisalong,narrow,anddarkstreetofworkshopsandshopswithsomesortofaroofoverit.Heretheauthoremployedametaphor(隐喻,暗喻)toachievevividness.
Losingitselfintheshadowydistance:
Theplaceisdark,sowhenthestreetislong,objectsinthedistancebecomeunclearandindistinct(faint,dim).
Thewordshadowysuggestsshiftingilluminationandindistinctvision.
Disappearinginthefaintdistance;beyondone’seyesight.
Whatkindofsounddothebellsmake?
harmoniouslytinklingbells:
thesoundsfromthebellsarerhythmicandpleasanttotheear
E.g.:
Hehasonlyafewcoinstinkling/jinglinginhispocket.
Howdothedonkeysmove?
threadone’sway:
tomovethroughaplacebycarefullygoingaroundthingsthatareblockingone’sway
E.g.:
Thecatthreadeditswayamongthedishesontheshelf.
Doyouthinkitisoktoreplace"throngs"with"crowds"inthissentence?
Why?
Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenthrongsofpeopleandcrowdsofpeople,andwhythewriteruses“thethrongsofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar”insteadof“crowdsofpeople”?
throngsofpeople:
astrongerimplicationofmovementandofpushingandaweakerimplicationofdensity
熙熙攘攘的人群(动态)
crowdsofpeople:
emphasizeitsdensity
拥挤的人群(静态)
5.Theroadwayisabouttwelvefeetwide,butitisnarrowedeveryfewyardsbylittlestallswheregoodsofeveryconceivablekindaresold.
Stall:
small,open-frontedshopusedbyatraderinamarket,onastreet货摊
E.g.:
abook-stall;aflower-stall
goodsofeveryconceivablekind:
goodsofeverykindyoucanthinkof
e.g.peopleofeveryconceivableage,nationality;buildingsofeveryconceivable6.Thedinofthestall-holderscryingtheirwares,ofdonkey-boysandportersclearingawayforthemselvesbyshoutingvigorously,andofwould-bepurchasersarguingandbargainingiscontinuousandmakesyoudizzy.
Whatsourcesdoesthedincomefrom?
Illustratethesentencepattern“thedinof…”
parallelism:
stall-holderscryingtheirwares
donkey-boysandportersclearingawayDin:
specificwordofnoise;loud,confusednoisethatcontinues喧嚣
E.g.:
ThechildrenweremakingsomuchdinthatIcouldnotmakemyselfheard.
Explainthedifferencesbetween“din”and“noise”.
din:
specific;noise:
general
Din:
confused(themixtureofcryingtheirwares,clearingaway,arguingandbargaining)
noise:
unpleasantsound.
would-bepurchasersarguingandbargaining
wares(always-pl.)articlesofferedforsale,usu.notinashop.Thewordgivestheimpressionoftraditionalcommodity,items,goods,morelikelytobesoldinfree-markets.
Ware(usuallyusedincombination)articlesofthesamekindormaterial;制品,器具,货物
E.g.:
silverware,bronzeware,kitchenware,software,hardware
would-be:
likely,intendedtobe
e.g.:
awould-bemusician/footballplayer
dizzy:
feelingasifeverythingwereturninground,mentallyconfused
e.g.:
Ifyousufferfromanemia,youoftenfeeldizzy.
Thetwo-dayjourneyonthebusmakesmedizzy.
Howdoyouparaphrasethissentence“Thedin...andmakesyoudizzy:
”?
Theloud,confusednoiseof…continueswithoutinterruptionandmakesyoufeelmentallyconfused.
What’syourgeneralimpressionoftheentranceofMiddleEasternbazaar?
Fromwhatperspectivesdoesthewriterdescribe?
Generalimpression:
ancient(takeyoubackhundredsofyears,agedbrickandstone.)
Thewriterdescribestheentrancefromtheperspectivesofsight,feeling,andsound.
Sight:
glare,dark,asfarastheeyecansee,losingitselfintheshadowydistance.
Feeling:
heat,cool
Sound:
tinkling,din,cryingtheirwares,shoutingvigorously,arguingandbargaining
Summary
Thewriterdescribesthebazaarwithsoundfromtheanimalandhuman-beingattheverybeginning,soastopresentalivelyandbusyatmosphere.
Introduction:
Adescriptionoftheentrancetothebazaar
a.TheGothicgateway
b.Contrastbetweentheheatandglareintheopensquareandthecoolnessanddimnessintheinteriorofthebazaar
c.Anothercontrastbetweenthepleasingsoundofthetinklingofdonkeybellsandtheconfusingdin
d.Thelittlestallsencroachingonthestreet,makingtheroadwaynarrowerandnarrower.
Section2(Para2)
Questions
(1)Whatwasyourgeneralimpressionofthecloth-market?
Howdoesthewriterachievethis?
Generalimpression:
quiet
Thewriterdescribesthecloth-marketasaquietplace,mainlyfromtheperspectiveofsound.
e.g.thenoisefadesaway,muted,deadensthesound,hardlyanysoundstoecho,measuredtones.
Paragraph1and2showasharpcontrastofsound.
Theentranceiswithacontinuousmixtureofsounds,whilethecloth-marketiscomparativelymuchquiet.
Whyisthecloth—marketmuted?
Theearthenfloordeadensthesoundofthefootsteps;theshopkeepersspeakinlow,measuredtonesandthebuyersfollowsuit.
(3)Theearthenfloor...anysoundstoecho:
(translateintoChinese)
这里的泥土地面,被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的,人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了,而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
Then,asyou….
penetrate:
topierceorpassintoorthrough.Thewordpenetrateisusedheretoindicatethatyouhavetopassthroughabigcrowdinordertogodeeperintothemarket.
fadeaway:
goslowlyoutofhearing,graduallydisappearing
Hisangerfadesaway.
mute:
verb:
toreducethesoundof,tomakeasoundsofterthanusual使声音变弱
Hereinthetexttheword"muted"isusedtosuggestthecompellingcircumstances,forcingyoutoloweryoursound.
n.apersonwhocannotspeak哑巴
Shewasbornadeafmute.
thefirstsentence:
Thefartheryoupush/forceParaphraseyourwayintothebazaar,thelowerandsofterthenoisebecomesuntilfinallyitdisappears.Thenyouarriveatthecloth-marketwherethesoundishardlyaudible.
beaten:
(ofapath,track,etc.)thatisgivenshapebythefeetofthosewhopassalongit,suggestingancientness,timelessness(永恒).Thepathbecomesflatduetothetreadingofcountlesspeoplethroughthousandsofyears.
Wefollowedawell-beatenpaththroughtheforest.
deaden:
tocausetolosestrength,force,feeling,andbrightness
e.g.:
Twoofthesepillswilldeadentheache.
Vault:
1拱形圆顶:
archedroof
Thevaultofthecathedralis150feetabovethefloor.
2保险库
Vaultsareoftenmadeofsteel.
Thevaultofheaven苍穹
Measured:
steady,slowanddeliberate;suggestinglackofspeed,payingattentiontowhattosay(深思熟虑的)
E.g.:
Hisreplywasstatedinmeasuredphrases.
Measure:
仔细考虑
E.g.:
Sheworkshardanddoesn’tmeasurethecosttoherhealth.
overwhelm:
overcome,controlcompletelyandusu.suddenly
e.g.:
Sorrowoverwhelmedthefamily.
Shewasover
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