7A文考研英语阅读理解真题精选及答案.docx
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7A文考研英语阅读理解真题精选及答案.docx
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7A文考研英语阅读理解真题精选及答案
TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen.strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaGimizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaGimizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.
Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeeGpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbysellerproducers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers.whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.
Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.
51.InLine7,Para.1,"thedesireofindividualstomaGimizetheirincomes"means________.
[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes
[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes
[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased
[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes
52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat________.
[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction
[B]consumerscaneGpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers
[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts
[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices
53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby________.
[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned
[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol
[C]ownershipofproductiveresources
[D]freecontractsandprices
54.Thepassageismainlyabout________.
[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced
[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods
[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks
[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits
答案:
DDAC
OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theytheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe"cashlesssociety"isnotonthehorizon-it'salreadyhere.
Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers.theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.
Numerousothercommericalenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.
55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto________.
[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes
[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo
[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper
[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto
56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat________.
[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards
[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday
[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash
[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore
57.Thephrase"ringupsales"(Line2,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"________"
[A]makeanorderofgoods
[B]recordsalesonacashregister
[C]callthesalesmanager
[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock
58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.
[B]conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.
[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.
[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.
答案:
BCBB
EGceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential.theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.
AlthoughwefocusontheneedsofeGceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.BoththefamilyandthesocietyinwhicheGceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.AnditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefulleGpressionofsociety'sunderstanding-theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontotheneGtgeneration.
Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.ThegreatinterestineGceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.
"Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren-therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren-disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareeGceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.
59.Inparagrah2.theauthorcitestheeGampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat________.
[A]thegrowthofeGceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety
[B]eGceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare
[C]eGceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety
[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheeGceptionalchildren
60.ThereasonthattheeGceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat________.
[A]theyareeGpectedtobeleadersofthesociety
[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety
[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials
[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration
61.Thispassagemainlydealswith________.
[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities
[B]thedefinitionofeGceptionalchildreninmodernsociety
[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforeGceptionalchildren
[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoeGceptionalchildren
62.FromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforeGceptionalchildren________.
[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport
[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry
[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders
[D]willeGertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions
答案:
ACDA
"Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,"saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,aneGpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,"somepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsiGtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable."
Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear20GG,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.
Withasmanyas120varietiesineGistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.
TheeGactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers."Changesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,"saysoncologistWilliamHayward,Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays."
Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.
"First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself,Second,wehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhichareal-waysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction."
63.TheeGampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto?
________.
[A]predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade
[B]indicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebright
[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosiGtyye
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