届江苏如皋中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析.docx
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届江苏如皋中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析.docx
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届江苏如皋中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析
2021届江苏如皋中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Ifyouhadtheopportunitytoliveforever,wouldyoutakeit?
Keepingyourbodyaliveindefinitelystillseemslikeanimpossibility,butsomescientiststhinkthatdigitaltechnologymayhavetheanswer:
creatingadigitalcopyofyour“self”andkeepingit“alive”onlinelongafteryourphysicalbodyhasceasedtofunction.
Ineffect,theproposalistocloneapersonelectronically.Unlikethefamiliarphysicalclones—childrenthathaveidenticalfeaturesastheirparents,butthatarecompletelyseparateorganismswithaseparatelife—yourelectronicclonewouldbelieveitselftobeyou.Howmightthisbepossible?
Thefirststepwouldbetomapthebrain.
How?
Oneplanreliesonthedevelopmentofnanotechnology(纳米技术).RayKurzweil—oneofthekingsofartificialintelligence—predictsthatwithintwoorthreedecadeswewillhavenanotransmittersthatcanbeputintothebloodstream.Inthecapillaries(毛细血管)ofthebrain,theywouldlineupalongsidetheneuronsanddetectthedetailsofthecerebral(大脑的)electronicactivity.Theywouldbeabletosendthatinformationtoareceiverinsideaspecialhelmet,sotherewouldbenoneedforanywiresstickingoutofthehead.
Asafurtherstep,RayKurzweilalsoimaginesthenanotransmittersbeingabletoconnectyoutoaworldofvirtualrealityontheInternet,similartowhatwasshowninthefilm“Matrix”.Withthenanotransmittersinplace,bythoughtalone,youcouldlogontotheInternetandinsteadofthepicturescominguponyourscreen,theywouldplayinsideyourmind.Ratherthansendyourfriendse-mailsyouwouldagreetomeetuponsomevirtualtropicalbeach.
Somepeoplebelievethattheycanenjoylifeafterdeath.Butwhywaitforthatwhenyoucouldhaveashotofnanobots(纳米机器人)anduploadyourbrainontotheInternetandliveforeverasavirtualsurfer?
Onesnag:
toexistonthenetyouwillhavetohaveyourneuralnetworkparkedonthecomputerofaweb-hostingcompany.Thesecompanieswantrealmoneyinrealbankaccountseveryyearortheywillwipeyourbitoftheharddiscandsellthespacetosomeoneelse.Withyourbodysixfeetundergroundhowwillyoupay?
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Nanotransmitterscanhelpmapthehumanbrain.
B.Electronicclonesrecreatetheoriginalhumanbody.
C.Electronicclonesmayputtheirphysicalselvesintomovies.
D.Nanotransmittersuseahelmettodetectthecerebralactivities.
2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardselectronicclones?
A.Optimisticandcareful.B.Interestedandunconvinced.
C.Excitedandconfused.D.Assuredandcritical.
3.Theauthorasks“howwillyoupay?
”attheendofthearticle,because________.
A.youcan’tpaytoexistontheInternetifyouarephysicallydead
B.youcan’tpayforharddiscspaceifyoudon’thaveabankaccount
C.youcan’tpayforaspecialserviceiftoomanypeoplewanttouseit
D.youcan’tpaytheweb-hostingcompanyifyoudon’thaveaneuralnetwork
B
Doyoueverlistentothesongsthatyourparentslike?
Chancesarethatyoudon’t.Youprobablythinkthemusicthattheylikeisoldandboringandthatthesongsonyourplaylistaremuchcooler.Butscientistsfoundthatpeople’smusictastechangesastimegoesby.Soitislikelythatyourownmusicalpreferenceswillfollowasimilarpathtoyourparents’,whetheryoulikeitornot.
Weusedtothinkthatcultureandpersonality(个性)aretheonlyreasonsfordifferentmusicchoices.ButresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgenoticedthataspeopleenterintodifferentagegroups,theirsocialenvironmentchanges,andsodoestheirmusictaste.Therearesomemusicalperiodsthatpeoplegothroughintheirlife.
Thefirstperiodcomesintheteenageyears,duringwhichpeoplelikestrongmusicsuchaspunkandrock,becauseteenagerstendtobeaggressiveorwanttobeindependent.
Butaspeoplemoveintoearlyadulthood,theirlifestyleschangetheywanttobuildcloserelationshipswithothers.Asaresult,theybecomefonderofcontemporarymusic,suchaspopandR&.B,whichisusuallyupliftinganddanceable.
Whenmiddleagecomes,mostpeoplehavesettleddown.Duringthisperiod,peopleprefermusic,suchasjazzandclassical,aswellasmusiclikecountry,folkandblues.
Asforoldpeople,theypreferoldsongsintheirchildhoods.Theygenerallylistentorelaxingmusic,suchascountrymusicandjazzmusic.Butyoumustbequestioning.“Aren’tthereoldpeoplewhoarestillinterestedinorevencrazyaboutrockmusic?
”Ofcoursethereare.Buttheirreasonsforlisteningtorockmusicmayhavechanged.Atthatagepeoplemaylistentoremindthemselvesoftheiryouth.
4.Whatdoyoungpeopleusuallythinkofthesongstheirparentsenjoy?
A.Theyareactuallylesscool.B.Theyareworthlisteningto.
C.Theyareespeciallyserious.D.Theyarehardtounderstand.
5.Howmanymusicalperiodsaretherethatpeoplegothroughintheirlife?
A.Two.B.Three.
C.Four.D.Five.
6.Peoplewhowanttomakefriendsmostlyprefer________.
A.jazzmusicB.countrymusic
C.rockmusicD.popmusic
7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.PeopleHaveDifferentOpinionsonMusic
B.PeopleListentoMusicfortheSameReason
C.People’sTasteinMusicChangeswithTime
D.People’sLifestyleCanBeChangedbyMusic
C
InJapanmanyworkersforlargecorporationshaveaguaranteeoflifetimeemployment.Theywillnotbelaidoffduringrecessionsorwhenthetaskstheyperformaretakenoverbyrobots.Tosomeobservers,thisiscapitalismatitsbest,becauseworkersaretreatedaspeoplenotthings.OthersseeitasnecessarilyinefficientandbelieveitcannotcontinueifJapanistoremaincompetitivewithforeigncorporationsmoreconcernedaboutprofitsandlessconcernedaboutpeople.
Defendersofthesystemarguethatthosewhocallitinefficientdonotunderstandhowitreallyworks.InthefirstplacenoteveryJapaneseworkerhastheguaranteeofalifetimejob.Thelifetimeemploymentsystemincludesonly“regularemployees.”Manyemployeesdonotfallintothiscategory,includingallwomen.Allbusinesseshavemanyparttimeandtemporaryemployees.TheseworkersarehiredandlaidoffduringthecourseofthebusinesscyclejustasemployeesintheUnitedStatesare.These“irregularworkers”makeupabout10percentofthenonagriculturalworkforce.Additionally,Japanesefirmsmaintainsomeflexibilitythroughtheextensiveuseofsubcontractors.ThispracticeismuchmorecommoninJapanthanintheUnitedStates.
TheuseofbothsubcontractorsandtemporaryworkershasincreasedmarkedlyinJapansincethe1974-1975recession.AllthisleadssomepeopletoarguethattheJapanesesystemreallyisnotallthatdifferentfromtheAmericansystem.DuringrecessionsJapanesecorporationslayofftemporaryworkersandgivelessbusinesstosubcontractors.IntheUnitedStates,corporationslayoffthoseworkerswiththeleastworkingexperience.Thedifferencethenisprobablylessthantheterm“lifetimeemployment”suggests,buttherestillisadifference.AndthisdifferencecannotbeunderstoodwithoutlookingatthevaluesofJapanesesociety.Therelationshipbetweenemployerandemployeecannotbeexplainedinpurelycontractualterms.Firmsholdontotheemployeesandthatemployeesstaywithonefirm.Therearealsopracticalreasonsfornotjumpingfromjobtojob.Mostretirementbenefitscomefromtheemployer.Changingjobsmeanslosingthesebenefits.Also,teamworkisanessentialpartofJapaneseproduction.Movingtoanewfirmmeansadaptingtoadifferentteamandatleasttemporarily,lowerproductivityandlowerpay.
8.Accordingtothepassage,awomaninJapan_________.
A.cannotgetalifetimejobB.isimpossibletogetaparttimejob
C.willbeemployedforlifeD.isamongtheregularworkers
9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhyJapaneseworkersstaywithonefirm?
A.Theydon’twanttolosetheirretirementbenefits.B.Theyarenotadaptablepeople.
C.Anychangeofjobswillmakethemlesspaid.D.Theygetusedtotheteamwork.
10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
A.thosewhowanttochangejobsfrequentlyinJapanshouldthinktwice
B.thosewhoarefirstlaidoffbyAmericancorporationsaretemporaryworkers
C.theuseofsubcontractorsmakesJapanesefirmslessflexible
D.theJapanesesystemistotallydifferentfromtheAmericansystem
11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
A.Theextremelyhardsituationduringrecessions.
B.TheextensiveuseofsubcontractorsinJapan.
C.ThecharacteristicsofcorporationsintheUnitedStates.
D.ThefeaturesoflifetimeemploymentinJapan.
D
SixNeanderthalswholivedinwhatisnowFrancewereeatenbytheirfellowNeanderthalssome100,000yearsago,accordingtofearfulevidenceofthecannibalistic(食人的)eventdiscoveredbyscientistsinacaveinthe1990s.Now,researchersmayhavefiguredoutwhytheNeanderthals,includingtwochildren,becamevictimsofcannibalism:
Globalwarming.
WhilepreviousstudieshaveexaminedNeanderthalremainstofindproofofcannibalisticbehavior,thisisthefirststudytooffercluesastowhatmayhaveledNeanderthalstobecomecannibals.ScientistsfoundthatrapidchangesinlocalecosystemsastheplanetwarmedmayhavewipedouttheanimalspeciesthatNeanderthalsate,forcingthemtolookelsewheretofilltheirstomachs.
Theresearchersexaminedalayerofsediment(沉积物)inacaveknownasBaumeMoula-Guercy,insoutheasternFrance.Inthatlayer,charcoal(碳)andanimalbonesweresowell-preservedthatscientistscouldreconstructanenvironmentalpi
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