模式识别Word下载.docx
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模式识别Word下载.docx
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whichhascertainlearningabilityandadaptiveabilitybasedonprincipleofhumanpattern
recognition.Someachievementofpatternrecognitionincognitivesciencewaspresent,theframe
oftraditionmachinepatternrecognitionwasdescribed.Howtoapplyachievementofcognitive
sciencetotraditionalmachinepatternrecognitionbycombiningwithcharacteristicofmachine
patternrecognitionwasdiscussed.Recognitionofprinteddigitcharacterwasperformedaccording
toframeofcognitivepatternrecognition,andtheframeissupportedbytheresultofexperiment.
KeyWords:
cognitivesystem;
architecture;
patternrecognition。
1INTRODUCTION
Humanbeingcaptureouterpatternbysensororganandperformrecognitionoftheouterworld
byaseriesofbraincognitiveprocess.Patternrecognitionisabasicbrainfunctionforhuman
beings,itsresearchincludes:
howthebrainrecognizesanobject,andhowhumanbeingsperform
patternrecognitionforgivenassignment.Theformerbelongstocognitivescience,andthelatter
belongstoinformationscience.Propertyofsubjectresultinthatcognitivescienceand
informationalsciencehadtobeinterdisciplinarycollaborationinresearch.However,cognitive
scienceandinformationalsciencewerefoundedataboutthesameperiod,cognitivepsychology
wasfoundedinthe1950s[1],informationalsciencewasfoundedinthe1960s.MachinePattern
Recognitiondidnotbenefitmuchfromcognitivepsychology.Afterdevelopmentofhalfcentury,
cognitivesciencehadmadegreatprogressinperceptiveunderstanding,andmethodofperception,
utilizationofwholesandparts,theoryoftemplatesandprototypes,characteristicmatchingmodel,
memory,andobjectivebackground[2].Althoughtherearesomedisputationincognitivescience,
whichdidnotpreventusfromBuildingthemodelofmachinepatternrecognitionbasingon
cognitivescience,orperformpatternrecognitionwithbreakthroughsofcognitivescience[3].
Therefore,cognitivesciencewillcontributetothedevelopmentofmachinepatternrecognition.
Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.themajorachievementofpatternrecognitionincognitive
psychologyisdiscussedinSection2,themodeloftraditionalpatternrecognitionisdescribed
Section3,themodelofcognitivepatternrecognitionispresentedSection4,andtheconclusionsis
attheendofpaper.
2THEMAJORACHIEVEMENTOFRECOGNITIONINCOGNITIVEPSYCHOLOGY
Patternrefertocombinationofstimulationinspaceandtime.Patternrecognitionconfirmcertain
patternlanguage[3].Thenativesyntaxmethodhasdefectinrecognitionbecauseofthedifficulton
linguisticanalysisofcontext-irrespectivelanguage.StatisticalPatternRecognitionbasedonclass
probabilitydensityfunctionofsampleinfeaturespace,combineBayesdecision-makingsystemto
practicepatternrecognition.Itisalsocalleddecision-makingmethod[4].Asjarastechnology
concerned,thewholeprocessofmachinepatternrecognitionneedtopassthroughpatternspace,
featurespaceandstylespace.Fromaboveprocedure,whichcanbeconcludethatmachinepattern
recognitionfallintothreesteps(asinFig.1):
patterncollection,featureextraction,pattern
classification.anddistinguishotherspatterns.Cognitivepsychologydefinerecognitionof
exteriorobjectactingonhumanaspatternrecognition,whichmatchinput-informationwith
informationoflongtermmemory,thenmakedecisionabouthowtoclassifyinput-information
intocertainknownpattern[4].Thewholeprocessofpatternrecognitionincludeaseriesof
step,sense,analysis,comparedecision-making,output,andsoon.Asforsomepatternwhich
couldnotbefoundinlongtermmemory,theresultofdecision-makingwillbeunknown,buttutor
mayhelpprocessofpatternrecognitionlearnnewknowledgeandaddnewpatternintolongterm
memory.
2.1Matching
Cognitivepsychologyhasthreemajormatchingtheory,templatematchingtheory,prototype
matchingtheory,featurematchingtheory.Templatematchingtheorypointoutthatminicopyof
allkindsofpatterns,thatistemplate,wasstoredinhumanlongtermmemory.Alltemplate
correspondingtoexteriorsimulationonebyone.Whenonesimulationactonsensoryorgan,brain
willtranslatestimulativeinformationintocodingandcomparedstimulativeinformationwith
templateinlongtermmemory,thenmakedecisionaboutwhichtemplatewillbeOptimum
matchingforstimulativeinformation.Prototypetheorythinkthatprototypebutnottemplate
whichcorrespondingtoexteriorpatternonebyonewasstoredinlongtermmemory,any
complicatedpatternwasmadeupofprototype.Whenonestimulationactonsensoryorgan,brain
willsplitstimulativeinformationintoprototypecodingandmatchwithprototypewhichwas
storedinlongtermmemory.Featuretheorybelievethatpatternwasmadeupofsomeelementsor
componentaccordingtocertainprinciple.Allelementsorcomponentsandtheirrelationshipwas
calledfeature.Exteriorstimulationconsistofsomedistinguishableandindependentfeature,
sorecognitionmaybeperformedbymatchingexteriorstimulationwithfeaturestoredinlongterm
2.2PerceptionanditsProcessingWay
Cognitiveprocedureincludeinformation-gettingandinformation-processing.Cognitive
psychologyregardagreatdealcognitiveprocedureasperceptionalprocedure.Perceptional
procedurereceivesensoryinputandtranslatesensoryinputintoabstractcodingwithtwo
processingway,fromtoptobottomandfrombottomtotop[1].Frombottomtotopemphasizethat
exteriorstimulationisthesourceofprocess.Fromtoptobottomemphasizethatcertain
knowledgeproduceperceptionalprocess.Theformerwascalleddatadriverprocess,thelaterwas
calledconceptiondriverprocess.Theanotherimportantproblemofperceptionalprocedureisthe
relationbetweenthewholeandthepart.In1977,Navon,basedonhisresearch,pointedoutthat
perceptionofwholefeaturefasterthanpartialfeature,atthesametime,partialfeaturedidnot
workonperceptionalprocesswhensomebodypaidattentiontowholefeatureconsciously.
However,peoplehadtoperceivewholefeaturebeforeheorshepaidattentiontopartialfeature.
Therefore,hesequenceofperceptionalprocessiswholefeaturefirst.
2.3Memory
Cognitivepsychologydescribememorialprocedureasthreephase,sensememory,short
Termmemory,longtermmemory.Duringmemoryprocedure,agreatdealofinformationwilllose
betweenanyphaseoftransfer.Onlyasmallquantityofsensoryinformationcanbepassedinto
shorttermmemory.Informationisprocessedandcodedinphaseofshorttermmemoryandthenis
passintolongtermmemory.Certainly,onlyinformationpassedintolongtermmemorycanbe
memorizedbybrain,andthosecodedinformationwillbeleavedsoon.
2.4ObjectBackgroundandDominanceEffect
Duringcodedprocedureofmemorialphase,peopletrytocombinenewinformationwithknown
informationinordertomakenewinformationenterintolongtermmemory.Somepsycho
experimentshowthatlongtermmemorywillacceptknowledgecorrespondtorealexperience
fasterthanothersknowledge.Duringtheprocedureofpatternrecognition,ifsomebackground
informationwasstoredinlongtermmemory,dominanceeffectwhichactondecision-making
stronglymaycomeintobeing.Forexample,itisdifficulttoconfirmnumericĀ0āorletter
Āoāwhencomputerperformrecognitionofsinglecharacterboy.However,itiseasyto
recognizecharacterĀoāwhencharacterĀoāwaspresentedwithnumericalstringorword.
3THEARCHITECTUREOFMATCHINGPATTERNRECOGNITION
Thetraditionalmachinepatternrecognitiongenerallyfallintotwobasicmethod:
statistical
patternrecognitionandsyntaxpatternrecognition.Syntaxpatternrecognitionbasedon
characteristicofgraphicstructure,accomplishworkaccordingtotreeinformationofsubschema.
Somelanguage[3].Thenativesyntaxmethodhasdefectinrecognitionbecauseofthedifficulton
linguisticanalysisofcontext-irrespectivelanguage.StatisticalPatternRecognitionbasedonclass
probabilitydensityfunctionofsampleinfeaturespace,combineBayesdecision-makingsystem
topracticepatternrecognition.Itisalsocalleddecision-makingmethod[4].Asfarastechnology
recognitionfallIntothreesteps(asinFig.1):
patterncollection,featureextraction,pattern
classification.eresearchindicatedthatthenondirectionalchaincodeofbeelineisnot
context-irrespectivelanguage[3].Thenativesyntaxmethodhasdefectinrecognitionbecauseofthedifficulton
practicepatternrecognition.Itisalsocalleddecision-makingmethod[4].Asfarastechnology
Classificat
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