1、which has certain learning ability and adaptive ability based on principle of human pattern recognition. Some achievement of pattern recognition in cognitive science was present , the frame of tradition machine pattern recognition was described. How to apply achievement of cognitive science to tradi
2、tional machine pattern recognition by combining with characteristic of machine pattern recognition was discussed. Recognition of printed digit character was performed according to frame of cognitive pattern recognition, and the frame is supported by the result of experiment. Key Words:cognitive syst
3、em; architecture; pattern recognition。1 INTRODUCTION Human being capture outer pattern by sensor organ and perform recognition of the outer world by a series of brain cognitive process. Pattern recognition is a basic brain function for human beings, its research includes: how the brain recognizes an
4、 object, and how human beings performpattern recognition for given assignment. The former belongs to cognitive science, and the latterbelongs to information science. Property of subject result in that cognitive science and informational science had to be interdisciplinary collaboration in research.
5、However, cognitive science and informational science were founded at about the same period, cognitive psychology was founded in the 1950s1, informational science was founded in the 1960s. Machine Pattern Recognition did not benefit much from cognitive psychology. After development of half century ,
6、cognitive science had made great progress in perceptive understanding, and method of perception, utilization of wholes and parts, theory of templates and prototypes, characteristic matching model, memory, and objective background2.Although there are some disputation in cognitive science, which did n
7、ot prevent us from Building the model of machine pattern recognition basing on cognitive science, or perform pattern recognition with breakthroughs of cognitive science3. Therefore, cognitive science will contribute to the development of machine pattern recognition. This paper is organized as follow
8、s. the major achievement of pattern recognition in cognitive psychology is discussed in Section 2, the model of traditional pattern recognition is described Section 3, the model of cognitive pattern recognition is presented Section 4, and the conclusions is at the end of paper.2 THE MAJOR ACHIEVEMEN
9、T OF RECOGNITION IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Pattern refer to combination of stimulation in space and time. Pattern recognition confirm certain pattern language3. The native syntax method has defect in recognition because of the difficult on linguistic analysis of context-irrespective language. Statisti
10、cal Pattern Recognition based on class probability density function of sample in feature space, combine Bayes decision-making system to practice pattern recognition. It is also called decision-making method4.As jar as technology concerned, the whole process of machine pattern recognition need to pas
11、s through pattern space, feature space and style space. From above procedure, which can be conclude that machine pattern recognition fall into three steps（as in Fig.1）: pattern collection, feature extraction , pattern classification.and distinguish others patterns. Cognitive psychology define recogn
12、ition of exterior object acting on human as pattern recognition, which match input-information with information of long term memory, then make decision about how to classify input-information into certain known pattern4. The whole process of pattern recognition include a series of step, sense, analy
13、sis, compare decision-making, output, and so on. As for some pattern which could not be found in long term memory, the result of decision-making will be unknown, but tutor may help process of pattern recognition learn new knowledge and add new pattern into long term memory. 2.1 Matching Cognitive ps
14、ychology has three major matching theory, template matching theory, prototype matching theory, feature matching theory. Template matching theory point out that mini copy of all kinds of patterns, that is template, was stored in human long term memory. All template corresponding to exterior simulatio
15、n one by one. When one simulation act on sensory organ, brain will translate stimulative information into coding and compared stimulative information with template in long term memory, then make decision about which template will be Optimum matching for stimulative information. Prototype theory thin
16、k that prototype but not template which corresponding to exterior pattern one by one was stored in long term memory, any complicated pattern was made up of prototype. When one stimulation act on sensory organ, brain will split stimulative information into prototype coding and match with prototype wh
17、ich was stored in long term memory. Feature theory believe that pattern was made up of some elements or component according to certain principle. All elements or components and their relationship was called feature. Exterior stimulation consist of some distinguishable and independent feature, so rec
18、ognition may be performed by matching exterior stimulation with feature stored in long term 2.2 Perception and its Processing Way Cognitive procedure include information-getting and information-processing. Cognitive psychology regard a great deal cognitive procedure as perceptional procedure. Percep
19、tional procedure receive sensory input and translate sensory input into abstract coding with two processing way, from top to bottom and from bottom to top1.From bottom to top emphasize that exterior stimulation is the source of process. From top to bottom emphasize that certain knowledge produce per
20、ceptional process. The former was called data driver process, the later was called conception driver process. The another important problem of perceptional procedure is the relation between the whole and the part. In 1977, Navon, based on his research, pointed out that perception of whole feature fa
21、ster than partial feature, at the same time, partial feature did not work on perceptional process when somebody paid attention to whole feature consciously. However, people had to perceive whole feature before he or she paid attention to partial feature. Therefore, he sequence of perceptional proces
22、s is whole feature first. 2.3 Memory Cognitive psychology describe memorial procedure as three phase,sense memory, short Term memory, long term memory. During memory procedure, a great deal of information will lose between any phase of transfer. Only a small quantity of sensory information can be pa
23、ssed into short term memory. Information is processed and coded in phase of short term memory and then is pass into long term memory. Certainly, only information passed into long term memory can be memorized by brain, and those coded information will be leaved soon. 2.4 Object Background and Dominan
24、ce Effect During coded procedure of memorial phase, people try to combine new information with known information in order to make new information enter into long term memory. Some psycho experiment show that long term memory will accept knowledge correspond to real experience faster than others know
25、ledge. During the procedure of pattern recognition, if some background information was stored in long term memory, dominance effect which act on decision-making strongly may come into being. For example, it is difficult to confirm numeric 0or letter o when computer perform recognition of single char
26、acter boy .However, it is easy to recognize character o when character o was presented with numerical string or word. 3 THE ARCHITECTURE OF MATCHING PATTERN RECOGNITION The traditional machine pattern recognition generally fall into two basic method: statistical pattern recognition and syntax patter
27、n recognition. Syntax pattern recognition based on characteristic of graphic structure, accomplish work according to tree information of sub schema. Some language3. The native syntax method has defect in recognition because of the difficult on linguistic analysis of context-irrespective language. St
28、atistical Pattern Recognition based on class probability density function of sample in feature space, combine Bayes decision-making system to practice pattern recognition. It is also called decision-making method4.As far as technology recognition fall Into three steps（as in Fig.1）: pattern collectio
29、n, feature extraction , pattern classification.e research indicated that the non directional chain code of beeline is not context-irrespective language3. The native syntax method has defect in recognition because of the difficult on practice pattern recognition. It is also called decision-making method4.As far as technology Classificat
