中考英语语法定语从句练习.docx
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中考英语语法定语从句练习.docx
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中考英语语法定语从句练习
中考英语语法定语从句练习
定语从句一:
先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的词
二:
关系代词:
用来连接定语从句,并在从句中代表先行词的代词。
先行词是物:
whichthat
先行词是人:
whothat
在从句中的作用:
主语、宾语、表语
e.g.Theyhadaradio./Itcouldsendoutmessages.
Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.(主语)
Thegirlismybestfriend./Shespokejustnow.
Thegirlwho/thatspokejustnowismybestfriend.(主语)
Healwaysbuyssomebooks./Heneverreadthem.
Healwaysbuyssomebooks(which/that)heneverread.(宾语)
注意点:
1.)定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面:
e.g.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.
Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.(×)
Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.
Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.(×)
2.)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略:
e.g.Theyoungman(who)yousawwasourmanager.
Thereissomething(that)wemustkeepinmind.
3.)关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词常可以提前,但介词提前时,关系代词只能用which或whom
e.g.Themanisafamousrunner./Youtalkedtohimjustnow.
Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.
Thechairismadeofwood./Heissittingonitnow.
Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.
Heisalibraryassistant./Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim.
HeisalibraryassistantfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.
Itisafamousschool./Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago.
Itisafamousschoolfromwhichhegraduated3yearsago.
Theserviceshouldbeimproved./Thestudentscomplainalotaboutit.
Theserviceaboutwhichthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,一般还是放在动语之后,不提前:
e.g.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.
Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.
Thenumberofthechildrenis30./Shetakescareofthechildren.
Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.
三:
whose的用法:
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格,即“11的”时,它既既可以修饰指人的先行词,也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e.g.Thegirlismydaughter./Herworkgotthefirstprize.
Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.
Doyouknowanyone?
/HisfamilyisinXi’an.
Thebookisnotmine./Thecoverofitisred.
Iliveintheroom./Thewindowsofitfacesouth.
Thechairhasbeenrepaired./Thelegofitwasbroken.
四:
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:
限制性定语从句:
主句和从句不隔开,从句不能省略,否则就会失掉意义不能成立。
Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.
Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass.
非限制性定语从句:
主句和从句用逗号隔开,从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用,拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。
e.g.ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,whoisonly19yearsold.
Bob’sfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgypt.
Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworld’stradecenter.
注意点:
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.
e.g.SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.
which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.
e.g.Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.
Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
介词+which:
Thepicture______hepaid$100wasonceownedbyaking.
Canyouthinkofasituation________thiswordcanbeused?
I’mgratefultohimforthatadvice,______Iowedallmysuccess.
关系副词:
whenwherewhy
当先行词是表示时间的名词,用when,在定语从句中充当时间状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:
e.g.Iwillneverforgettheday./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.
Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.
Hestillrememberthemorningwhen/onwhichtheearthquakehappened.
当先行词是表示地点的名词,用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:
e.g.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.
Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
Iknowofaplace./Wecanswiminthatplace.
Iknowofaplacewhere/inwhichwecanswim.
Isthereanyshoparound?
/Icanbuyapenintheshop
>Isthereanyshoparoundwhere/inwhichIcanbuyapen.
先行词是表示原因的名词,即reason,用why,在定语从句中充当原因状语,这时一般可以用for+which来代替:
e.g.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.
Thereasonwasnotclear./Hewasfiredforit.
Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfiredwasnotclear.
注意点:
当表示时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语,而是在从句中作主语或宾语时,还是应用which/that
e.g.Thisisthedate_______we’reproudof.
Thisisthedate_______hewasborn.
Iwillneverforgetthetime______wespenttogether.
Thisisthefactory_______mymotherworks.
Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastweek.
Isthisfactoryyouvisitlastweek?
A.theoneB.whereC.whichD.that
Thisfactoryistheone(that/which)youvisitlastweek.
Idon’tbelievethereason_____hegaveforhisdecision.
Anotherreason_______hemadethisdecisionisthathehadtoconsiderthefeelingsofothers.
关系词的选择
A.只用that
a.当先行词是不定代词,如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
Ididn’tmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.
b.先行词(指物的)前面有only,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时
There’snodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.
I’vereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.
c.先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时
ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese.
SheisthemostcarefulgirlthatI’veeverknown.
d.当先行词既有人又有物时
Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.
Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntous.
e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时
Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
It’sabookthatwillhelpyouagreatdeal.
f.当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时
Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?
Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday?
g.当主句以Therebe…结构开头时,或关系代词在therebe…结构中作实义主语,先行项为物
Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.
The9.15isthefastesttrainthattherehaseverbeen.
h.当先行词是what时
Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry?
i.当先行词是基数词时
YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.
B.只用which
a.在非限制性定语从句,充当主语或定语
Theyhavethreehouses,whicharebuiltofstone.
b.当关系代词前有介词时
Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.
Westudyintheclassroomofwhichthedoorsfacesouth.
c.当先行词本身that是时
What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?
d.当关系代词后面带有插入语时
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
I’veboughtyousomebookswhichIthinkmayinterestyou.
C.只用who不用that
a.先行词是one,ones或anyone时
Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.
b.先行词为those或被those修饰,指人时
Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
c.在以therebe…的句子中,先行词为人时
Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.
d.当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时
Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.
e.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时
There'sonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.
Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?
f.在非限制性定语从句中指人
Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.
g.定语从句中有插入语时,并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。
JacksonisamanwhoIbelieveishonest.
Hewonanotheraward,whichIthinkistheresultofhishardwork.
D.在定语从句中,whose作定语, 其先行项既可以是人,又可以是物
LeiFengwasagreatcommunistfighterwhosedeathwasweightierthanMountTai.
Where’sthewindowwhos
eglassisbroken?
E.在定语从句,关系副词when,where,why与关系代词which,that的关系
July1st,1921isthedaythat/whichweChineseshouldalwaysremember.
Thisistheplacethat/whichtheyvisitedlastyear.
Pleasegivemeareasonthat/whichcouldaccountforyourabsence.
Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ijoinedthearmy.
Thisistheroomwhere(=inwhich)Luxunoncelived.
Anotherreasonwhy(=forwhich)heworkshardisthathehaspasstheexam.
F.as,which的比较
a.在非限制性定语从句中,均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语.如从句在主句之后,两者皆可用
Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.
Sheseemsascientist,as/whichinfactsheis.
Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,which/asIhavesaidbefore.
b.如从句在主句之前,用as
Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthiswar.
Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.
c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思,有"正如...""就象..."之意时,用as
Wewonthematch,aswehadexpected.
Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.
d.当先行项被thesame,such,so修饰时,用as
Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同类书(比较:
Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.同一本书)
Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.
Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout.
e.当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用,则用which
Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendoutofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgra定语从句小结
.as也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,用来指待一件事,这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
e.g.HeisanAmerican,as/whichweknowfromhisaccent.
Asweknowfromhisaccent,heisanAmerican.
He,asweknowfromhisaccent,isanAmerican.
Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.
Grammar,ashasbeensaidabove,isnotasetofrules.
Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,as/whichhasbeensaidabove.
正如:
Aseveryoneknows,asyoumaystillremember,asyousaid,asIcansee,ashasbeenmentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard,andetc.
定语从句的练习:
Ipassedhimaglassofwhiskey,______hedrankatonce.
Hespoketomeinaway_______Idon’tatalllike.
Itisafamousuniversity________hegraduated3yearsago.
Areyouthelady______askedforhelp?
Theservice__________studentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.
Heworksinacollege______studentsareallwomen.
Thepicture______hepaid$100wasonceownedbyaking.
Canyouthinkofasituation________thiswordcanbeused?
Wecanseeveryclearlythemethod______thecomputerswork.
_______heintroducedjustnow,Dr.BakerisanexpertinBiolo
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