高考英语语法---定语从句PPT资料.ppt
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高考英语语法---定语从句PPT资料.ppt
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,用于修饰名词或代词,Pleaseshowmeanotherticket.AustraliaisanEnglish-speakingcountry.Atravellerisapersonwhothattravels.Aclockisamachinethattellspeopletime.,是一个成份,由一个句子充当某个成份,从句:
二.定语从句:
由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置:
在名词或代词后,先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词,引导词:
引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用:
(1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,一、概念,定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
二、用法,1、关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who(主格),whom(宾格),that,这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如:
a)他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
Heistheman.,Isawhimyesterday.,HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.,b)你认识站在那边的那个人吗?
Doyouknowtheman?
Heisstandingoverthere.,Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?
(),(),2)whose用来指人或物。
a)小明,他的父亲是工程师,是我们班级里最好的学生。
(),XiaoMingisthebeststudentinourclass.,Hisfatherisanengineer.,XiaoMingwhosefatherisanengineeristhebeststudentinourclass.,注意:
定语从句应紧跟在先行词的后面(即定语从句所修饰的词),3)which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
a)这是我们去年参观的工厂。
(),Thisisthefactory.,Wevisiteditlastyear.,Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.,可以省略,说明:
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
b)这是去年建造的工厂。
(),Thisisthefactory.,Itwasbuiltlastyear.,Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltlastyear.,不可以省略,2、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。
a)我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
(),Istillremembertheday.,OnthatdayIjoinedthearmy.,IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.或,IstillrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.,b)这就是我们去年住的房屋。
(),Thisisthehouse.,Welivedinitlastyear.,Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.或,Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.或,Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.,c)你知道他迟到的原因吗?
(),Doyouknowthereason?
Hewaslateforthatreason.,Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?
或,Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?
2)当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时,并非就用when,where,why来引导定语从句。
这是我们去年参观的地方。
这是我们去年工作的地方。
a),vt.,vi.,Thisistheplacewhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.,Thisistheplacewhereweworkedlastyear.,我仍然记得我入团的那一天。
我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。
b),IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.,Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.,引导词,关系代词,关系副词,在定语从句中作,主语,主语或宾语,宾语,宾语或主语,定语,时间,地点,原因,状语状语状语,在从句中作宾语可省去,先行词为,whothatwhomwhichwhose,人物/人人物某人/某物的,WhenWherewhy,总结,关系代词和关系副词的作用,关系代词和关系副词如何区别?
1.Thereason_hemissedthespeechwasthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason_hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.Illneverforgettheday_wespenttogetherinParis.4.Illremembertheday_westayedtogetheratthattime.5.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_Lincolnoncelived.,Remember:
引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。
或者说,假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。
why,thatwhich,thatwhich,when,thatwhich,where,3、判断关系代词与关系副词,方法一:
用关系代词,还是关系副词完全,ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.,这是我去年呆过的山村。
取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;
而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.,我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的,成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,例1.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?
例2.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,B,D,7.
(1)Hestilllivesintheroom_windowfacestothesouth.
(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_isinthenorthofthecity.,whose,which,8.
(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays_westudiedtogether.
(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.,when,that,9.
(1)Thereason_hedidntcomewasthathewasill.
(2)Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.,why,that,10.
(1)Wewillmeetatthesameplace_wemetlastmonth.
(2)Wewillmeetatthesameplace_wevisitedlastmonth.,where,that,Correctthesentences:
1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?
3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:
5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.,in,when,_,who,_,(that/which),Correctthesentences:
9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correctthesentences:
13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.,as,who,_,_,_,gives,why,who,that(先行词为人)有区别吗?
1.用who不用that的情况:
(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。
(2)当先行词为人称代词时。
HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractisemore.,2.用that不用who的情况:
(1)当先行词既是人又是物。
(2)当句子出现一个who等。
(3)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
Hetalkedalotaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadrememberedthere.Whoisthemanthatspoketoyoujustnow?
Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.,which,that(先行词为物)有区别吗?
1.只用that不用which的情况:
(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词,
(2)先行词既是人又是物。
(3)先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。
(4)先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every,who等修饰时。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.,Hespokeofthethingsandpersonsthathehadseenabroad.,ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.,Whothathassuchahomedoesntloveit?
(5)关系代词在从句中作表语时,Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.,ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.,考点一:
that和which,以下情况,引导词用that,不用which。
1.先行词为不定代词everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing。
e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词被all,any,no,little,much,some,every修饰时.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,用that。
e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.,考点一:
that和which,.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时,用that。
.,Theonlythingthatwecoulddowas(to)wait.Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.Thatstheverywordthatiswronglyused.Thisisoneofthepresentsthatmyboyfriendgavemeonmybirthday.,.先行词同时指人和指物时,用that。
e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.,、被修饰词为数词时。
YesterdayIcaughttwofishandtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.、如有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已which,另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。
、主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。
Theresstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.、定语从句中缺表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
Heisnotthepersonthathewastenyearsago.,Ex.1.Thebook_youlenttomeisveryinteresting.2.Tomisthestudent_handwritingisthebestinourclass.3.Istheman_talkedtoyoujustnowMrWang?
4.Iliveintheroomthedoorof_iswhite.5.Illneverforgetthedays_Ispentinthecountry.6.Iwillneverthedays_Istudiedwithyou.,(that/which),whose,who/that,which,(which/that),when,8.Canyoutellmethereason_youwerelateforclassthismorning?
9.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedlastweek?
10.Isthisthefactory__youworkedlastyear?
11.Isthisfactory_youvisitedlastweek?
12.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_itusedtobe.13.All_shouldbedonehasbeendone.,why,(which/that),where/inwhich,theone,that,that,13.Idontliketheway_hesmiles.14.Thisisthereason__youexplaintome.15.Thisisthefirsttime_IhavebeeninBeijing.16.I,__yourbestfriend,shouldhelpyou.17.Jimistheonlyoneofthestudents__passedtheexam.,(that/inwhich),(that/which),(that),whoam,who,has,只能用which的情况:
2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which,
(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物),Remember:
which在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。
Correctthesentences:
17.Itistheoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.18.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.19.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.20.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,Correctthesentences:
21.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.22.ThestudentwhosbookIhadborroweddidntcometoschooltoday.23.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.24.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.,as,_,Whose,_,that,_,on,_,介词+关系代词,先行词为人,关系代词用whom;
先行词为物,关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。
如介词放在句尾,引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。
关系代词和关系副词可转换:
where,when,why=介词+which,1.Thisisthereason__helefthishometown.(=why)2.Illneverforgettheday__westayedtogether.(=when)3.Thisisthegirl__Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson__IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.Illshowyouastore__youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=where)6.Idontliketheway__youlaughedather.(=that;
),forwhich,onwhich,fromwhom,towhom,inwhich,inwhich,请讨论:
as,which引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗?
1.which的先行词可以是名词,as不可。
(1)Themeeting,whichwasheldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.
(2)Allthebooks,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.,2.which和as都可代替整个句子的意思,但which引导的从句不放句首。
(1)Crusosdogbecameillanddied,whichmadehimverylonel
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