学年广东省中山市高一上学期期末考试英语试题解析版.docx
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学年广东省中山市高一上学期期末考试英语试题解析版.docx
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学年广东省中山市高一上学期期末考试英语试题解析版
广东省中山市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
一、阅读选择
WeallknowAlbertEinsteinwasprobablythemostintelligentmanthateverlived,andthathiscontributionstosciencewerethegreatest,butstill,thereareafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutthegreatscientist.
EinsteinSyndrome
Einsteinwassupposedtotalklate—hetoldhisbiographer(传记作者)hedidn'tstartspeakinguntilatleastthreeyearsold.StanfordeconomistDr.ThomasSowelleveninventedtheterm"EinsteinSyndrome"todescribeextremelybrightchildrenwhosespeechisdelayed.
ASimpleCompass
WhenAlbertEinsteinwasfiveyearsoldandsickinbed,hisfathershowedhimasimplepocketcompass.Einsteinwasattracted.Whatforcemadethelittleneedlepointinasingledirection?
ThisquestionstayedwithEinsteinformanyyearsandhasbeenconsideredasthebeginningofhisinterestinscience.
EinsteinandtheViolin
Einstein'smother,Pauline,wasanexcellentpianistandwantedhersontolovemusictoo,soshestartedhimonviolinlessonswhenhewassixyearsold.Unfortunately,atfirst,Einsteinhatedplayingtheviolin.Hewouldmuchratherbuildhousesofcards,whichhewasreallygoodat.WhenEinsteinwas13yearsold,hesuddenlychangedhismindabouttheviolinwhenheheardthemusicofMozart.Withanewpassionforplaying,EinsteincontinuedtoplaytheviolinuntilthelastfewyearsofhislifeandEinsteinwouldusetheviolintorelaxwhenhebecamestuckinhisthinkingprocess.
DesignedaRefrigerator
Twenty-oneyearsafterwritinghisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,AlbertEinsteininventedarefrigeratorthatoperatedonalcoholgas.Therefrigeratorwaspatented(获得专利)in1926butneverwentintoproductionbecausenewtechnologymadeitunnecessary.Einsteininventedtherefrigeratorbecausehereadaboutafamilypoisonedbyasulphurdioxide-emitting(排放二氧化硫的)refrigerator.
1.Whatistheterm"EinsteinSyndrome"inParagraph2usedtodescribe?
A.Somepeoplewhochangetheirmindaboutlearningmusic.
B.Somechildrenwhocan'tspeakuntiltheyarethreeyearsold
C.Somesmartchildrenwhobegintospeaklaterthannormalchildren
D.Somepeoplewhoarecrazyaboutthepocketcompassanditsneedle.
2.WhatdidEinsteinthinkofplayingtheviolinbeforehewas13?
A.Boring.B.Interesting.C.Frightening.D.Hateful.
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEinsteinaccordingtothepassage?
A.Einsteinbenefitedalotfromplayingtheviolin.
B.Einsteininventedtherefrigeratoroutofcuriosity.
C.Einsteinreceivedacompassasagiftforhisfifthbirthday.
D.Einsteinsufferedfromaspecialillnesswhenhewasachild.
【答案】
1.C
2.D
3.A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了一些关于爱因斯坦这位伟大的科学家鲜为人知的事情。
1.
细节理解题。
根据文章第二段“StanfordeconomistDr.ThomasSowelleveninventedtheterm"EinsteinSyndrome"todescribeextremelybrightchildrenwhosespeechisdelayed.(斯坦福大学经济学家托马斯·索韦尔博士甚至发明了“爱因斯坦综合症”这个术语来描述那些说话迟缓的极其聪明的孩子。
)”可知,“爱因斯坦综合症”是用来描述聪明但比正常孩子说话晚的孩子。
故选C项。
2.
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段“Unfortunately,atfirst,Einsteinhatedplayingtheviolin.Hewouldmuchratherbuildhousesofcards,whichhewasreallygoodat.WhenEinsteinwas13yearsold,hesuddenlychangedhismindabouttheviolinwhenheheardthemusicofMozart.(不幸的是,起初爱因斯坦讨厌拉小提琴。
他更愿意用纸牌搭房子,这是他很擅长的。
当爱因斯坦13岁的时候,当他听到莫扎特的音乐时,他突然改变了对小提琴的想法。
)”可知,13岁以前爱因斯坦讨厌小提琴。
故选D项。
3.
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段“Withanewpassionforplaying,EinsteincontinuedtoplaytheviolinuntilthelastfewyearsofhislifeandEinsteinwouldusetheviolintorelaxwhenhebecamestuckinhisthinkingprocess.(带着对演奏的新热情,爱因斯坦继续拉小提琴,直到他生命的最后几年,当他陷入思考过程时,爱因斯坦会用小提琴来放松。
)”可推断,爱因斯坦从拉小提琴中受益匪浅。
故选A项。
Pictureayoungwomanpickingflowersfromafieldtomakeanaturalblushforhercheeks,makingasofafrombamboo,makingsoysauce(酱油)fromscratchandcookingupallsortsofdeliciousChinesefood.Itmaysoundunreal,butsuchapersonexistsinreallife,andhernameisLiZiqi.
HervideoscoverawidevarietyofcraftsrelatedtotraditionalChineseculture.Frommakingpaperandinktoweavingcloth,frommakingasilkquiltforhergrandmothertobuildingherownbreadkiln(面包窑)withblocks,nothingseemsimpossiblewithLi'scraftyhandsastheyworktheirmagictobringthesethingsintoexistence.
"Watchinghervideos,itisdifficultnottohavethesenseoflongingforhome.MyheartwarmedupasIwatchedherflipsoybeansinthevideoformakingsoysauce.Iwasreallymoved.IusedtodothiskindofworkwhenIwasyoung,"commentstheWeibouserJulyofJiangnan.
ThesuccessofLiZiqiandhervideoliesinherpassion—passionforlife,forherhomeandforherculture.Shedoesnotsaymuch,butshetellsthestoriesofChina'sculture.
"IstarteditbecauseIwantedtocreatesomethingforpeopletowatchandrelax.Weareallunderalotofstress.Ihopedthatafteralongandbusyday,theycouldclickonmyvideosandrelievesomeoftheiranxietyandpressure,"Lisaid.
Buthervideosdidmorethanthat.Viewersfrombothhomeandabroadareattracted.Linowenjoysafanbaseofmorethan21millionpeopleonSinaWeiboand7millionstrongfollowersonYouTube.ShehasmadeanameforherselfinhervideosthathighlightatraditionalChinesewayoflifeintheruralareas.
Liisnotwithoutcriticism,suchasremarksabouther"beautifying"lifeinthecountryandheruseofaprofessionalproductionteamtohelpherfilm.Othershaveexpressedskepticismabouthow"real"hervideosare,andhow"amazing"itisthatshelookssopictureperfectafteralongdayofworkinthefields.
4.WhywasJulyofJiangnanmovedwhenwatchingLiZiqi'svideoformakingsoysauce?
A.Becausehelovessoysaucemadebyhand.
B.BecausehewastouchedbyLiZiqi'screativity.
C.Becauseittaughthimhowtomakesoysauce.
D.Becauseitremindedhimofhisownexperience.
5.WhatwasLiZiqi'soriginalpurposeofmakingvideosandpostingthemonline?
A.Tomakealotofmoney.
B.Tobecomefamousontheinternet.
C.Tohelpwatchersrelievetheirstress.
D.TospreadChinesetraditionalculture.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skepticism"mean?
A.Doubt.B.Interest.C.Curiosity.D.Concern.
7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Li'scraftyhandscandoeverything
B.Somepeopledon'tthinkhighlyofLiZiqi'svideos
C.LiZiqitalksalotinordertointroduceChinesecultureinhervideos.
D.LiZiqi'svideosfocusonthetraditionalChinesewayoflifeinthecity.
【答案】
4.D
5.C
6.A
7.B
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
文章主要介绍了李子柒及其突出中国农村传统生活方式的视频的成功。
4.
细节理解题。
根据文章第三段“MyheartwarmedupasIwatchedherflipsoybeansinthevideoformakingsoysauce.Iwasreallymoved.IusedtodothiskindofworkwhenIwasyoung.(当我看到她在制作酱油的视频中翻转大豆时,我的心变暖了。
我真的很感动。
当我年轻的时候,我曾经做过这种工作。
)”可知,“7月江南”看到制作酱油的视频想到了自身经历,因此感动。
故选D项。
5.
细节理解题。
根据文章第五段“IstarteditbecauseIwantedtocreatesomethingforpeopletowatchandrelax.(我创办这个网站是因为我想创造一些能让人们观看和放松的东西。
)”可知,李子柒制作视频并发布到网上的初衷是帮助观看者减轻压力。
故选C项。
6.
词句猜测题。
根据文章最后一段“how"real"hervideosare,andhow"amazing"itisthatshelookssopictureperfectafteralongdayofworkinthefields.(她的视频有多么“真实”,在田间劳作了一天后,她看起来是如此完美,多么“令人惊叹”。
)”可知,李子柒遭受到怀疑,因此skepticism意为“怀疑”之意。
故选A项。
7.
推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段“Liisnotwithoutcriticism,suchasremarksabouther"beautifying"lifeinthecountryandheruseofaprofessionalproductionteamtohelpherfilm.(李子柒也并非没有受到批评,比如她对“美化”乡村生活的评论,以及她使用专业的制作团队来帮助她的电影。
)”可推测,有些人对李子柒的视频评价不高。
故选B项。
Manyofuswonderwhatliesinouterspace.Whenwelookupatthenightsky,weseestars,thetwinkleofamovingsatelliteandoccasionallyadistantplanet.Butonethingwedon'tseeisthemillionsofpiecesofjunkfillingupspace.It'sthisdebris(废弃物)that'scausingproblemsfortheexistingtechnologythat'supthereandwhichwerelyon.
Theamountofspacejunkisincreasing.Overthelastfewdecades,satellitesandrocketshavebeenlaunchedintospace,litteringthecosmosastheygo.It'sestimatedtherearenowmillionsofthrown-awaypiecesofmetalandothermaterialsinorbit—everythingfromoldrocketpiecestoaccidentallydroppedastronauttools,andevenflecksofpaint.Thefearisthatifwedon'tstarttakingthisdebrisoutoftheskysoon,itwillbecomeagreatdangertoactivesatellites.NobuOkada,ChiefExecutiveofAstroscale—acompanyworkingonwaystocleanupspacejunk—sayshitting"evenasmallpaintfleck…hasenoughpowertoblowupothersatellites."
Severalideasarebeinglookedattocollectthedebrisfloatingaroundinspace.In2018,theRemoveDebrisspacecraftcarriedoutvariousexperiments,includingtestinganetthatcouldcatchasatelliteorfiringaharpoonatatargetinorbittotrytocatchit.
ThisyeartheUKSpaceAgencyishelpingtofundnewapproachestotrackingsatellitesanddebrisinspace.JacobGeerfromUKSAtoldtheBBC:
"Spacesurveillance(监视)andtrackingisoneofthekeythingswecandotokeepsafethosesatelliteswerelyonnow,andtomakesurecertainorbitsdon'tbecomeinaccessible(无法接近的)forfuturegenerationsbecausethere'stoomuchdebrisinthem.
It'sclearthatsomethingmustbedonetoachieveadeepcleaninthespace.Butlookingtothefuture,likeanylitterproblem,weneedtolookatwaysofcreatingless—andthatshouldn'tbethestuffofsciencefiction.
8.Whichofthefollowingitemsisspacejunk?
A.Metalstuff.B.Oldrocketpiecesintheorbit.
C.Toolsinthespaceship.D.Paintonaspaceship.
9.WhatproblemcanspacejunkcauseaccordingtoParagraph2?
A.Smallpaintoffleckwillblowawaysatellites.
B.Activesatelliteswillbeindanger.
C.Itwillbeimpossibletocleanup.
D.Itwillleadtodisastersontheearth.
10.AccordingtoJacobGeer,whatmakesorbitsinaccessibleforfuturegenerations?
A.Toomuchman-madesatellites.
B.Toomuchpopulation.
C.Toomuchspaceactivities.
D.Toomuchdebrisinspaceorb
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