托福写作真题及解析.docx
- 文档编号:15101512
- 上传时间:2023-06-30
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:18
- 大小:24.98KB
托福写作真题及解析.docx
《托福写作真题及解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《托福写作真题及解析.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
托福写作真题及解析
2016年托福写作真题及解析
为了让大家更好的准备托福考试,给大家整理了托福真题解析,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
2016年托福阅读真题及解析1
托福阅读第一篇欧洲人口增加
原文回顾:
欧洲经济发展相关,工业化和食物的增长促进了人口的增长。
高速城市化:
人们开始从乡下往城镇转移,因此带来了工作,生活资料等一系列的变化。
细节讲到了熟练工和普通人的区别,考了两个题。
最后讲到了人口的增加导致人均工资下降的问题。
学习:
Afteracenturyofvirtuallynopopulationgrowth,thecountriesofWestern
Europeexperienceddramaticpopulationincreasesbetween1750and1800.Many
countriesdoubledinsize.Insomecountries,thegrowthcontinuedthroughthe
nineteenthcentury.ThepopulationofGreatBritain,forinstance,doubled
between1750and1800andthentripledbetween1800and1900.
Therewereseveralreasonsforthesuddenincrease.Medicaladvancesand
improvedhygienelimitedthedevastationcausedbyepidemicdiseasesand
plagues.Theintroductionofnewfoodcrops,mostnotablythepotato,provideda
betterdietforthepoorandreducedtheincidenceoffamine.Thecombinationof
greaterpublicorderandfewercivilwarsmeantthatlifewaslesshazardous.
Thenetresultwasalowerdeathrateandsoaringpopulations.
Thegrowingpopulation,witharisingproportionofchildrentoraiseand
olderpeopletocarefor,putincreasedpressureoneveryaspectofsociety.
Manypeasantswerenolongerabletoprovidelandfortheirchildren,whowere
forcedtolookforotherwaystomaketheirliving.Smallartisansinthecities
sufferedsimilarproblems,unabletoprovideplacesfortheirchildrenintheir
ownworkshops.
Theexactrelationshipbetweenpopulationgrowthandindustrializationis
unclear,thoughthetwoareclearlyintertwined.(Evencountriesthatwerelate
toindustrializesharedinthegeneralpopulationincrease,anditsrelated
problems.)Whatisclearisthatthegrowthinpopulationincreasedthedemand
forbothfoodandmanufacturedgoodsandprovidedanabundanceofcheaplaborto
producethem.
托福阅读第二篇非洲铁技术的发展
原文回顾:
非洲铁的发展,非洲曾经是被殖民的地方,殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源,并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属,牵扯到起源,谁把铁的技术引进非洲,以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。
注意这篇阅读有地图。
学习:
(1)TheAfricanIronAgeistraditionallyconsideredthatperiodinAfrica
betweenthesecondcenturyADuptoabout1000AD,whenironsmeltingwas
practiced.InAfrica,unliketheEuropeandAsia,theIronAgeisnotprefaced
byaBronzeorCopperAge,butratherallthemetalswerebroughttogether.The
advantagesofironoverstoneareobvious--ironismuchmoreefficientat
cuttingtreesorquarryingstonethanstonetools.Butironsmeltingtechnology
isasmelly,dangerousone.ThisbriefessaycoversIronAgeuptotheendof
thefirstmillenniumAD.
Pre-IndustrialIronOreTechnology
Toworkiron,onemustextracttheorefromthegroundandbreakitinto
pieces,thenheatthepiecestoatemperatureofatleast1100degrees
centigradeundercontrolledconditions.
AfricanIronAgepeoplebuiltacylindricalclayfurnaceandusedcharcoal
andahand-operatedbellowstoreachthelevelofheatingforsmelting.Once
smelted,themetalwasseparatedfromitswasteproductsorslag,andthen
broughttoitsshapebyrepeatedhammeringandheating,calledforging.
AfricanIronAgeLifeways
Fromthe2ndcenturyADtoabout1000AD,theChifumbazespreadiron
throughoutthelargestportionofAfrica,easternandsouthernAfrica.The
Chifumbazewerefarmersofsquash,beans,sorghumandmillet,andkeptcattle,
sheep,goatsandchickens.
Theybuilthilltopsettlements,atBosutswe,largevillageslikeSchroda,
andlargemonumentalsiteslikeGreatZimbabwe.Gold,ivory,andglassbead
workingandtradewaspartofmanyofthesocieties.ManyspokeaformofBantu;
manyformsofgeometricandschematicrockartarefoundthroughoutsouthand
easternAfrica.
(2)InAfrica,wheretherewasnocontinent-wideuniversalBronzeAge,the
useofironsucceededimmediatelytheuseofstone.[14]Metallurgywas
characterizedbytheabsenceofaBronzeAge,andthetransitionfromstoneto
steelintoolsubstances.Sub-SaharanAfricahasproducedveryearlyinstances
ofcarbonsteelfoundtobeinproductionaround2000yearsagoinnorthwest
Tanzania,basedoncomplexpreheatingprinciples.Nubiawasoneofthe
relativelyfewplacesinAfricatohaveasustainedBronzeAgealongwithEgypt
andmuchoftherestofNorthAfrica.TheMeroiticscriptwasdevelopedinthe
NapatanPeriod(c.700–300BC).
IronAgefindsinEastandSouthernAfrica,correspondingtotheearly1st
millenniumBantuexpansion.
托福阅读第三篇美国铁路的发展和影响
原文回顾:
说的是讲美国铁路发展和影响,先说了铁路给人们带来了很多好处,后面还说铁路比其他交通工具更为广泛。
然后大概说17世纪的几个铁路说明跨越疆域的时间变得有多短。
然后分别写旅游和经济的影响。
原来一个洲到另一个洲要好久,现在时间缩短了很多。
这一篇词汇题考的比较多,其中有词汇题quantify,很多人可以有personal
travel。
还有一个问题问的是对当地居民的影响,说他们可以种更加适合气候的庄稼,因为交通的便捷。
学习:
EarlyAmericanRailroads
In1869,agoldenspikelinkedtheCentralPacificRailroadandtheUnion
PacificRailroadatPromontory,Utah.
ThedevelopmentofBB#00081900RAILROADSwasoneofthemostimportant
phenomenaoftheIndustrialRevolution.Withtheirformation,constructionand
operation,theybroughtprofoundsocial,economicandpoliticalchangetoa
countryonly50yearsold.Overthenext50years,Americawouldcometosee
magnificentbridgesandotherstructuresonwhichtrainswouldrun,awesome
depots,ruthlessrailmagnatesandthemajestyofraillocomotivescrossingthe
country.
TherailroadwasfirstdevelopedinGreatBritain.Amannamed
BB#00081901GEORGESTEPHENSONsuccessfullyappliedthesteamtechnologyofthe
dayandcreatedtheworldsfirstsuccessfullocomotive.Thefirstenginesused
intheUnitedStateswerepurchasedfromtheBB#00081902STEPHENSONWORKSin
England.EvenrailswerelargelyimportedfromEnglanduntiltheCivilWar.
AmericanswhohadvisitedEnglandtoseenewBB#00081903STEAMLOCOMOTIVESwere
impressedthatrailroadsdroppedthecostofshippingbycarriageby60-70%.
ThisstereographoftheCentralPacificRailroadwouldhaveappeared
three-dimensionalwhenviewedthroughspecialglasses.
Baltimore,thethirdlargestcityinthenationin1827,hadnotinvested
inacanal.Yet,Baltimorewas200milesclosertothefrontierthanNewYork
andsoonrecognizedthatthedevelopmentofarailwaycouldmakethecitymore
competitivewithNewYorkandtheErieCanalintransportingpeopleandgoodsto
theWest.TheresultwastheBB#00081904BALTIMOREANDOHIORAILROAD,thefirst
railroadcharteredintheUnitedStates.Thereweregreatparadesonthedaythe
constructionstarted.OnJuly4,1828,thefirstspadesfulofearthwereturned
overbythelastsurvivingsigneroftheDeclarationofIndependence,
91-year-oldBB#00081905CHARLESCARROLL.
Newrailroadscameswiftly.In1830,theBB#00081906SOUTHCAROLINACANAL
ANDRAIL-ROADCOMPANYwasformedtodrawtradefromtheinteriorofthestate.
IthadasteamlocomotivebuiltattheWestPointFoundryinNewYorkCity,
calledBB#00081907THEBESTFRIENDOFCHARLESTON,thefirststeamlocomotiveto
bebuiltforsaleintheUnitedStates.Ayearlater,theMohawkHudson
railroadreduceda40-milewanderingcanaltripthattookalldaytoaccomplish
toa17-miletripthattooklessthananhour.Itsfirststeamenginewasnamed
theDeWittClintonafterthebuilderoftheErieCanal.
Althoughthefirstrailroadsweresuccessful,attemptstofinancenewones
originallyfailedasoppositionwasmountedbyturnpikeoperators,canal
companies,stagecoachcompaniesandthosewhodrovewagons.Oppositionwas
mounted,inmanycases,bytavernownersandinnkeeperswhosebusinesseswere
threatened.Sometimesoppositionturnedtoviolence.Religiousleadersdecried
trainsassacrilegious.Buttheeconomicbenefitsoftherailroadsoonwonover
theskeptics.
SharesweresoldtofundtheconstructionoftheBORailroad.Inonly
12days,thecompanyhadraisedover$4,000,000.
Perhapsthegreatestphysicalfeatof19thcenturyAmericawasthecreation
oftheBB#00081908TRANSCONTINENTALRAILROAD.Tworailroads,the
BB#00081909CENTRALPACIFICstartinginSanFranciscoandanewrailroad,the
UnionPacific,startinginOmaha,Nebraska,wouldbuildtherail-line.Huge
forcesofimmigrants,mainlyIrishfortheBB#00081910UNIONPACIFICandChinese
fortheCentralPacific,crossedmountains,dugtunnelsandlaidtrack.Thetwo
railroadsmetatBB#00081911PROMONTORY,UTAH,onMay10,1869,anddrovealast,
goldenspikeintothecompletedrailway.
2016年托福听力真题及解析
托福听力Conversation1
一个女生上了professor的课之后发现原来童话挺复杂的而且有别的含义。
然后她开始问怎么写童话故事的assignment,她觉得跟着传统写法很奇怪,教授让她还是要根据童话故事的element写,但是detail可以不同,举了hero的例子,这里出题了。
最后那个女生问教授关于
setting,时间的问题,然后这里也有出题。
Lecture1
讲的是sculpture,主要讲一个艺术家怎么样unconventional方法去创造那个雕塑,那个雕塑有一些地方不成比例的大,这里有出题。
后面也讲到,其实他创造的方法里面也有typical的方法。
Lecture2
主要讲了果蝇怎么用眼睛探测magnetic
field,先讲了做个实验,有不同的变量,这里有出题问。
但是光是必须的。
后来进一步说因为果蝇眼睛里有一种c的物质,让他们可以sense磁场。
托福听力Conversation2
停车的通行证问老师,然后就说没地方停车?
然后那个人就说可能是因为有一个展览,而且那个地方本来就是个停车的火爆区域,然后建议女生步行。
然后女生就说她有一个课不方便,然后那个人说你可以坐学校的免费SHUTTLE
BUS,然后可以给你refund你的卡钱,但是因为没有卡了在哪也不能停,这个学生又提出了一些问题,好像是会影响她周末干嘛,然后她决定还是去继续找
PARKING的地方,找不到再去。
Lecture3
讲的是古代的一种disc上面画着星星月亮太阳的图案,但是图案的形状和月相和自然中的事实是不一致的,因为月亮的阳面应该对着太阳,而disc上的阴面对着太阳(有出题),所以怀疑这个disc和calendar有关,后来一直都在讲这个和calendar的关系,一种一个是七颗星星组成的图案,被猜想可能是代表的什么pleiades,古代人一般使用的是阴历,通常和公历有一定的误差,所以需要补一个月使他们的calendar和solar
calendar保持一致,因此他们利用这个disc对着天空,根据星团和月亮的位置来判断第13个月开始的日期(有出题),后来在巴比伦也发现了类似的图案,怀疑可能与宗教有关(有出题)。
Lecture4
冰河世纪的新仙女木时间(yd),气温在百年内忽然升降,可能是大洋中的fresh
water的增加导致了影响。
突然的降温使得迁移到高纬度地区的动植物大批死亡。
2016年托福口语真题及解析
托福独立口语Task1:
talkabouttheadvantagesofmovingtoanewplacetostudy
orwork.在一个新地方学习工作的优点
Task1参考答案:
Inmyopinion,movingtoanewplacetostudyorworkhasthefollowing
advantages:
first,youhavemorechancestogettoknownewandinteresting
people,whichhelpstoexpandyoursocialcircleandgiveyoumoreopportunity
tomakenewfriends;forexample,ImetmybestfriendLinda,afterIwas
transferredtoanewsen
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 托福 写作 解析
![提示](https://static.bingdoc.com/images/bang_tan.gif)