考研英语真题解析.docx
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考研英语真题解析.docx
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考研英语真题解析
考研英语真题解析
考研英语真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext。
Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET。
(10points)
Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork。
Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers。
Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2。
Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland。
Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:
Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed。
6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime。
OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans。
Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs。
Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture。
Butitdoesn’t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease。
Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment。
Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure。
Today,the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown。
“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway。
Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs。
“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel18,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters。
1。
[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring
2。
[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty
3。
[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction
4。
[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured
5。
[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom
6。
[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless
7。
[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated
8。
[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute
9。
[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among
10。
[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside
11。
[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically
12。
[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles
13。
[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course
14。
[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield
15。
[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship
16。
[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce
17。
[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats
18。
[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved
19。
[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into
20。
[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal
SectionIIReadingComprehension
Text2
Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse。
“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement。
Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine。
”
Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise。
Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren。
Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily。
Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention。
Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren。
Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s。
Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention。
“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky。
Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:
“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem。
”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild。
Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway。
Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime。
AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______。
[A]simplifyroutinematters
[B]absorbuserattention
[C]betterinterpersonalrelations
[D]increaseworkefficiency
Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______。
[A]takesawaybabies’appetite
[B]distractschildren’sattention
[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment
[D]reducesmother-childcommunication
Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______。
[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions
[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange
[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood
[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds
TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______。
[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies
[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear
[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren
[D]remainconcernedaboutkid’suseofscreens
AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______。
[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime
[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative
[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework
[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive
Text3
Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear。
Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn’tit?
Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic。
Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears。
There’salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer。
Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit。
StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot。
Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost。
Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders。
Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices。
AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce。
Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses。
It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame。
AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment。
Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron。
Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat。
[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading
[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege
[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers
[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses
StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps。
[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic
[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcaree
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