中考语法专题之名词.docx
- 文档编号:14641953
- 上传时间:2023-06-25
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:15
- 大小:26.96KB
中考语法专题之名词.docx
《中考语法专题之名词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中考语法专题之名词.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
中考语法专题之名词
中考语法专题之名词
学习目标
1.掌握名词概念(可数不可数)以及名词修饰;
了解及掌握主谓一致知识点。
知识点---名词
【知识梳理】
知识点一---名词及主谓一致
【知识梳理】
(一)名词的分类
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词
专有名词:
表示人,地方,事物,机构,组织等名称的词,如theWestLake,Jack,theWhiteHouse,
TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)
普通名词又分为以下几类:
普
通
名
词
个体名词
表示个体的人或事物的词
dog,pen,chair,window,car,bus
集体名词
表示一群人或一些事物的名词
family,police,team,group,class
物质名词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
rice,glass,water,wood,wheat,wool
抽象名词
表示状态,品质,行为,感情等抽象概念的词
knowledge,danger,success,love,interest
(二)名词的数
I.可数名词
个体名词和集体名词通常为可数名词,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
(1)可数名词的复数的变化规则
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:
1.一般情况在词尾加-s,清辅音后读/s/;.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags读/z/;
例如:
book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys,car-cars。
1.以
s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,读/iz/。
例如:
bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→
watches,brush→brushes。
2.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,读/iz/例如:
orange—oranges,license-licenses
3.以辅音母加y结尾
的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,-es读作/z/例如:
city→cities,
factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:
boy→boys,day→days。
4.以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:
hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,
辅助记忆顺口溜:
黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿即Negroes,heroes,Volcanoes,potatoes,tomatoes
但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如:
zoo→zoos,radio→radios,
还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:
photo→photos,piano→pianos。
5.以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,
例如:
knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves
辅助记忆顺口溜:
为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,loaves,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves
记忆口诀:
“清读清,浊读浊,元音也读浊”
6.少数名词有不规则的复数形式,
例如:
man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如:
anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;ma
n,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:
men workers,womenteachers。
有个别名词单复数一样,例如:
Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。
但当fish指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;fishes指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。
如:
Therearemanykindsoffishesinthepool./Ipreferfishtomeat.
7.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:
people,police等。
8.还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:
trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
9.只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:
科学名词:
physics,mathematics/maths
游戏名称:
bowls
专有名词:
theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls
知识点二---名词及主谓一致
1.名词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:
(1)主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:
主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:
如:
Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.Thewaterintheglassisverycold.
(2)集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:
ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:
ClassThreehaveamapofChina.
(3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
如:
Thereisasheepintheyard./Therearesomesheepintheyard
(4)maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:
Thenewsisveryexciting.
(5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。
如:
ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.
(6)alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
如:
Alotofstudentsareplayingbaseballnow.
Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.(被动句)
(7)and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。
如:
Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow./Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.
(8)therebe句型中be的单复数由靠近的名词决定。
如:
Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.
(9)主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
如:
Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.
(10)表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
如:
Twomonthsisnotashorttime.Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance(距离).
(11)主语中含有halfof…/(threequarters)of…/all(of)the….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,
如:
OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish/Athirdofthestudentswereplayingnearthelake.
但是,population一词又有特殊情况:
What’sthepopulationofChina?
/ThreequartersofthepopulationinthiscityareArabs(阿拉伯人).(句子用复数)
【例题精讲】
一、用合适的be动词(am/is/are)填空:
1.Tenyears______shorttimeforme.
2.Apairofshoes______underthebed.
3.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____2,000.
4.Thewomanwithtwochildren______cominghere.
5.Maths______hardtolearnfortheboy.
6.ThepopulationofChina_______over1,300,000,000.
7.Oneofthestudents______gonetoShanghai.
8.Myshirt_____whiteandmytrousers_____blue.
9.Theheadteacherwithhisstudents_______goingtoTeanchengshanParkifit_______rainytomorrow.
10.Ourknowledgeofcomputer_____growingallthetime.
Keys:
is;is;is;is;is;is;has;is,is;is,is;is.
【课堂练习】
一、单项选择
1.Weshouldtakeourteaches’________andmakefulluseof_____tostudy.
A.advices;timesB.advice;timeC.advice;timeD.advices;time
2.—Wouldyoulikesome__________?
—Oh,yes,justalittle.
A.applesB.carrotC.pearsD.chicken
3.—It'sawise________towearthewhitetie.Itmatchesyourshirtwell.
—Thankyouverymuch.
A.choiceB.supportC.mixtureD.honour
4.IfyouwanttogetmoreinformationaboutEnglishlearning,pleasevisitour_______.
A.companyB.storeC.officeD.website
5.—Wouldyoulikesome_______?
—No,thanks.I’mnothungryatall.
A.waterB.soupC.orangeD.bread
6.Beinghonestisthefirst______ifyouwanttomakefriendswithothers.
A.stepB.timeC.jobD.hand
7.—WhatisMissGao’sfavorite__________?
—Sheisalwaysinpink.Don’tyouknow?
A.colourB.bookC.songD.movie
8.----Ihavegreat______infinishingtheworkbymyself.Couldyouhelpme?
—Noproblem.
A.fun.B.success.C.advice.D.difficulty.
10.LeeisnewinNanchang.Maybeheneedsa_____forsightseeing.
A.watchB.ticketC.mapD.notebook
11.Thefoodsafetyisaserious_______inourcountry.Weshouldtrytosolveit.
A.subjectB.programC.problemD.opinion
12.——Hello!
IsthatJennyspeaking?
——Sorry,I’mafraidyou’vegotthewrong________.
A.numberB.nameC.addressD.message
13.—Iwillbuyyouanewbikeifyoulearnhowtoswimthissummer.
—Isthata?
I’msureI’llgetthebike.
A.chanceB.promiseC.trickD.treat
14.—Couldyougivemesome______onhowtolearnEnglish______?
—Sure.Practicemakesperfect.
A.advice;good B.suggestions;good C.advice;well D.suggestion;well
15.—Lookatmystamps.
—Theyarebeautiful!
You’vegotawonderful______.
A.instructionB.descriptionC.collectionD.expression
16._____fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.
A.JackandMike’sB.Jack’sandMike’sC.JackandMikeD.Jack’sandMike
17.—Whatkindofporridgewouldyoulike,Alice?
—Iwouldlike______.
A.eggporridgeB.eggsporridgeC.fishporridgesD.fishesporridge
18.Lookatthemanoverthere.Heis_____uncle.
A.Jim’sandTim’sB.Jim’sandTimC.JimandTimD.JimandTim’s
19.—Mum,Iamhungry.MayIhavesome______?
—Ofcourse.Butdon'teattoomuch.
A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.Hamburger
20.—Howfarisyourcousin'shomefromhere?
—It'sabouttwo_______ride.
A.hour'sB.hoursC.hours'D.Hour
21.MrWhite,theprincipal,hasmadeagreattothegrowthoftheschool.
A.contributionB.progressC.inventionD.protection
22.—How______isitfromXi’antoDunhuang?
—It’slessthan3_______flight.
A.long;hour’sB.far;hour’sC.long;hours’D.far;hours’
23.A/An_________canusehisdrawingstotellaboutbeautifulmountains,theblueseaandmanyotherthings.
A.actorB.scientistC.artistD.doctor
24.Thepeoplewhoaremoreconfidenthavemore________tomakethemselvessuccessful.
A.educationB.chancesC.prideD.excuses
25.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?
—________please.
A.TwoglassofwaterB.Twoglassofwaters
C.TwocupsofteaD.Twocupsofteas
26.—Someonecalledyoujustnow.
—Iknow.ButIwasbusyatthatmoment.WhenIcalledback,therewasno______.
A.voiceB.soundC.answerD.result
27.TheFrenchbookmustbeLiYing’s.She’stheonlyonewho’sstudyingFrench.
A.belongtoLiYing’sB.belongtoLiYing
C.belongLiYing’sD.belongLiYing
28.Kateis_____girl.She’sveryhappyatschool.
A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-old
C.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeighteen-years-old
29.“bookcaseisthis?
”“Itmustbe_____.”
A.Who’s;TomB.Who’s;Tom’C.Whose;Tom’sD.Whose;Tom
30.—Howfarisyourhomefromschool?
—It’sabouttwo__________walk.
A.hoursB.hours’C.hour’sD.hour
Keys:
1-5BDADD
6-10AADCC
11-15CABCC
16-20BADAC
21-25CDCBC
25-30CBBCB
二、语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Theworldoftheout-of-doorsisfullofsecrets.Andtheyaresointerestingthatquitealotofpeoplearebusy 31 (study)them.Allaroundusarebirds,animals,treesandflowers.Thefactsabouthowtheyliveandgroware32interestingasanythingcouldbe.
DoyouknowthatoneofthegreatpresidentsoftheUnitedStates33(spend)hoursandhoursstudyingbirds?
AbusinessmanwholivesnearNewYorkCitybecamesointerestedininsects34hebegantocollectthem.Henowhasmorethanonethousanddifferentkinds35(care)keptinglassboxes.
Comethenwithme,andIwillhelpyoufindsomeofnature’ssecrets.Letusgoquietly 36 thewoodsandfields.Hereweshallfind37arabbittellstheotherrabbitsthatthereisdanger.Weshallfollowamotherbearandheryoungonesastheysearchforfoodandgetreadyforwintersleep.Weshallwatchbeesdancingintheairtoletotherbeesknow38theycanfindfood.Iwillshowyoumanyotherinterestingthings,butthe39(good)thingthatIcanteachyouistokeepyoureyesandears 40 (open)whenyougooutofdoors.Naturetellshersecretsonlytopeoplewholookandlistenclosely.
Keys:
studyingasspendsthatcarefully
onoutwherebestopening
三、单词拼写
1.—Whats_______doyouchoose,small,mediumorlarge?
—Large,please.
2
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 中考 语法 专题 名词