高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练含详细答案.docx
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高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练含详细答案.docx
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高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练含详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Recently,astheBritishdoctorRobertWinstontookatrainfromLondontoManchester,hefoundhimselfbecomingsteadilyangry.Awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbegunaloudconversation,whichwouldlastanunbelievablehour.Furious,Winstonbegantotweetaboutthewoman.Hetookherpictureandsentittohismorethan40,000followers.
Whenthetrainarrivedatitsdestination,Winstonrushedout.He'dhadenoughofthewoman'srudeness.Butthepresswerenowwaitingforherontheplatform.AndwhentheyshowedherWinston'smessages,sheusedjustonewordtodescribeWinston'sactions:
rude.
Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(缩影)ofourageofincreasingrudeness,fueledbysocialmedia.Whatcanwedotofixthis?
Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly,almostlikethecommoncold.Justwitnessingrudenessmakesitfarmorelikelythatwe,inturn,willberudelateron.Theonlywaytoavoiditistodealwithitfacetoface.Wemustsay,"Juststop."ForWinston,thatwouldhavemeantapproachingthewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietlyormakethecallatanothertime.
Therageandinjusticewefeelattherudebehaviorofastrangercandriveustodooddthings.Inmyownresearch,surveying2,000adults,Idiscoveredthattheactsofrevengepeoplehadtakenrangedfromtheridiculoustothedisturbing.Winstondidshineaspotlightonthewoman'sbehavior—butfromafar,inawaythatshamedher.
Wemustinsteadcombatrudenessheadon.Whenweseeitoccurinastore,wemuststepupandsaysomething.Ifithappenstoacolleague,wemustpointitout.Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourselves.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatstrainthemselves.Asthistideofrudenessrises,civilizationneedscivility.
(1)WhatcanyoulearnaboutRobertWinstonfromthepassage?
A. Heknowshowtospeaktorudepeople.
B. Hebehavedimproperlyandspokeloudlyonthetrain.
C. Helosthistemperduetootherpeople'srudeness.
D. Hereactedtoawoman'srudebehaviorwrongly.
(2)Whatdoes"fueledbysocialmedia"meaninParagraph3?
A. Rudebehavioriscommononsocialmedia.
B. Rudenesscanbeavoidedthroughsocialmedia.
C. Peoplecaneasilygetawaythroughsocialmedia.
D. Socialmediamayspreadandcauserudeness.
(3)Accordingtothewriter,howshouldyourespondwhenyoumeetrudepeople?
A. RecordthemandpostitontheInternet.
B. Pointitoutinapoliteandskillfulway.
C. Donothingbutwaitforotherpeopletofixit.
D. Paythembackbydoingequallydisturbingthings.
(4)Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthelastparagraph?
A. Wecanonlypointoutrudenessfromfamiliarpeople.
B. Rudenessandmannerscanhardlycoexistincivilizedsociety.
C. Bothstrangersandacquaintancesdeserveourfriendlywarning.
D. Rudepeoplecan'tseetheirrudenessthroughothers'eyes.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光在媒体上的不当行为,提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Winstondidshineaspotlightonthewoman'sbehavior—butfromafar,inawaythatshamedher.”温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为——但从长远看,这是方式一种让她蒙羞。
可推出,作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。
故选D。
(2)考查句义猜测。
根据第三段中的“Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(缩影)ofourageofincreasingrudeness”可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁;再根据第四段中的“Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly,almostlikethecommoncold.”研究表明,粗鲁行为传播迅速,就像普通感冒一样。
可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。
因此此处fuel意为“加速”之意,故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourselves.”但我们可以优雅地做到这一点,处理它时不带一丝侵略性,自己也不粗鲁。
可知,作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗鲁的行为和人。
故选B。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.”我们必须保护陌生人,就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。
可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs(豚鼠)fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?
"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.
Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!
"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.
IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?
"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion-evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?
Itworked.
Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.
Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.
Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.
(1)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?
A. Cautious.
B. Respectful.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.
(2)Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?
A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.
B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.
C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.
D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.
(3)WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?
A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.
B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.
C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.
D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe'sthankfulfor.
(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. Don'tBeBotheredbySmallThings
B. WeCanChangeEverythingIfWeWant
C. PracticingGratitudeChangedMyLife
D. BeingGratefultoOneGoodPerson
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,在一个星期的时间里,作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情,而且每天都有所不同。
生活永远不会完美。
但通过这么一个简单的练习,作者重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。
这只需要一点感激之情。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask‘Why?
’beforegrabbingtheapplepie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室,让我挑选一种,在抓苹果派之前,我会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”可知,作者在抓苹果派之前,会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”。
可知,作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。
我算了算。
连续7天每天做5件事,甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有,那就太费脑力了。
可推知,作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑,认为太费脑力、不值得去做。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道,我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。
他是个很棒的厨师。
他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。
可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。
由此可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.”但通过一个简单的练习,我重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别)可知,练习表达感激,改变了作者的观念和生活。
由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。
并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
You'reprobablyusedtotheregularupgradesinourcell-phonenetworks.Therewas2G,whichcamealongin199l,replacedwith3Gin2001,followedby4Gin2009.Nowwe'rehearingaboutthecomingof5G.
But5Gisamuchbiggerleapthanbefore.5G,ofcourse,ismuchfasterthan4Gintherealworldanda5Gphoneina5GcitywillenjoyInternetspeedsbetween9and20timesasfast.Thearrivalof5Galsomeansenormousleapsforwardincapacity-somuchthateverycell-phoneplanwilloffercheap,trulyunlimitedInternetaccess."Theconsequencesofthatarehuge,"saysSherifHanna,Qualcomm'sdirectorof5Gmarketing.Forexample,appswillnolongerdegrade(降低)yourvideoqualityorpostponedownloadingwhenyou'reoutofWi-Firange.Infact,you'llprobablyprefertodoyourdownloadswhenyou'reoncellular(使用流量)because5Gwillbemuchfasterthanwhateverserviceyou'vegotathomeorwork.
"However,noteveryoneisexcitedbythe5Gdevelopment.Thenewstandardgetsitsspeedpartlybyusingexistingtransmission(传输)frequenciesmoreefficientlyandpartlybyusingthemillimeterwaverange.That'sabig,juicylineofradiofrequencies
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