英语国家社会与文化入门下册课后习题集期末备考复习.docx
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英语国家社会与文化入门下册课后习题集期末备考复习.docx
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英语国家社会与文化入门下册课后习题集期末备考复习
U3AmericanBeginnings
I
1.Thequestion“WhatisanAmerican?
”wasfirstaskedbyJ.HectorST.JohndeCrevecoeur.(T)
2.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.(T)
7.Bytheearly1760s,the13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerereadytoseparatethemselvesfromEurope.(T)
8.GeorgeWashington,BenjaminFranklin,andAbrahamLincolnwereregardedasthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(F)
π
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementswascorrectaroundthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution?
(A.TheAmericanhadthemixedbloodofEuropeansortheirdescendants.)
3.ThefollowingwerethemainReformationleadersexcept.(B.MartinLuther
King.)
7.ThefollowingwerethefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublicexcept.(C.
WilliamPenn.)
10.”Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”wastherallyingcryof.(D.the
peopleofthe13coloniesontheeveoftheAmericanRevolution.)
In
1.In1782,theFrenchmanwhosettledinPennsylvaniafirstaskedthequestion“whatisanAmerican”inhisbook(lettersfromAnAmericanFarmer)
2.TheNewWorldofAmericawaspeopledasaresultoftwolong-continuingimmigrationmovements,thefirstonefrom(Asia)andthesecondfrom
(Europe)and(Africa).
3.AmericanIndianshaddevelopedthreebrilliantcivilizationsbeforetheEuropeansarriver.Thesethreecivilizationswere(TheAztecs),(theIncas)
and(theMayas).
4.
(1492).
ColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorldintheyearof
5.TheEnglishkingclaimedtheterritoryofNorthAmericabasedonthevoyageof(JohnCabot)
IV
3.TheDeclarationofIndependence.
TheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776,Whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:
thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.
U4ThePoliticalSystemintheUnitedStates
I
1.WhentheWarofIndependencewasover,theUnitedStateswasoneunifiednationasitistoday.(F)
3.
T)
TheUSConstitutionsetupafederalsystemwithastrongcentralgovernment.(
4.ThemaindutyoftheCongressidtomakelaws,includingthosewhichlevytaxesthatpayfortheworkofthefederalgovernment.(T)
6.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudges,andallsuchcourtappointmentsaresubjecttoconfirmationbytheHouseofRepresentatives.(F)
7.The10veryshortparagraphswhichguaranteefreedomandindividualrightsandforbidinterferencewithlivesofindividualsbythegovernmentarecalledtheBillofRights.(T)
9.Today,theUnitedStateshastwomajorpoliticalparties.OneistheDemocraticParty,formedbefore1800.TheotheristheRepublicanParty,formedinthe1850s,bypeopleinthestatesoftheNorthandWest.(T)
π
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOTcorrect?
WhentheConstitutionwaswritten,(A.therewasaBillofRightsintheConstitution.)
5.Whichofthefollowingistheonlybranchthatcanmakefederallaws,andlevyfederaltaxes?
(B.Thelegislative.)
6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapowerofthepresident?
(C.Thepresidentcan
makelaws.)
7.TheBillofRightsconsistsof(C.10amendmentsaddedtotheConstitutionin1791)
8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTguaranteedintheBillofRights?
(B.Thefreedom
ofsearchingaperson'shomebypolice.)
In
4.TheConstitutionsetupafederalsystemwith(astrongcentralgovernment.)
5.Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetween(acentralauthority)
and(itsconstituentparts)withsomerightsreservedtoeach.
6.TheUSfederalgovernmentconsistsofthefollowingthreebranches:
theexecutive,(thelegislative)and(thejudicial).
7.TheCongressiddividedinto(theHouseofRepresentatives)with435
memberswhoservetwo-yearterms,and(theSenate)with100lawmakerswho
servesix-yearterms.
8.GroupswhotrytopersuadeCongressmentovotefororagainstabillareknownas(lobbies).
9.TheSupremeCourtiscomposedof
(1)chiefjusticeand(8)associatejustices.
10.TheSupremeCourthasthefunctionofdeterminingwhetherCongressionallegislativeorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.Thispoweriscalled(judicial
review).
12.Thetwomajorpoliticalpartiesare(theDemocraticparty),whichisthoughtto
bemoreliberal,and(theRepublicanparty),whichisbelievedtobemore
conservative.
IV
2.Afederalsystem
Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.
3.ThemakingoftheUSConstitution
TheArticlesofConfederationfailed.TheCongressdecidedtoholdaconstitutionalconventiontorevisetheArticlesofConfederation.Thedelegatesfrom12states(RhodeIslandrefusedtoparticipate)gatheredinPhiladelphiain1787andendedupinwritinganewconstitutionandsetafederalsystemwithastrongcentralgovernment.TheConstitutionprovidedthatanelectionofthepresidentwouldbecalled,federallawswouldbemadeonlybyaCongressmadeupoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenateandaSupremeCourtwouldbesetup.ThisnewConstitutionwasfinallyapprovedbythemajorityofthecitizensinover9ofthe13statesandwasofficiallyputintoeffectin1787.
5.TheBillofRights
TheBillofRightsconsistsofthefirst10amendmentswhichwereaddedtothe
Constitutionin1791.TheBillofRightswaspassedtoguaranteefreedomandindividualrightssuchasfreedomofspeech,therighttoassembleinpublicplaces,therighttoownweaponsandsoon.
U5AmericanEconomy
I
2.ThefirstfactoryintheUnitedStateswasacottontextilemill.(T)
5.ManypeoplebelievethattheeconomicfreedomofcapitalismiscrucialtoAmerica'seconomicsuccess.(T)
6.Whenpeoplebuystocks,thebecomepartownerofthecompany.(T)
8.OnereasonforAmerica'saffluenceisthatalotofpeoplehaveinheritedwealthfromtheirparents.(F)
9.StrongdomesticdemandisonefactorcontributingtoAmerica'saffluence.(T)
π
1.ThefirstfactoryintheUnitedStateswasacottontextilemillinPawtucket,inthestateof(B.RhodeIsland)
2.The“Americansystem”ofmassproductionwasfirstusedin(C.firearmsindustry)
3.TheUnitedStateshadthefirststandardpapercurrencyin(C.1863)
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredaspartoftheserviceindustry?
(D.
Steelmaking)
6.TheUnitedStateswasrated(C.fourth)intheworldintermsoflandareaandthesizeofpopulation.
In
2.Whenstartingabusinessorlaunchingnewventures,moneywasneeded.Thatmoneywasknownas(capital).
3.Oneadvantageofcorporationoversoleproprietorshipandpartnershipisthatithas(limitedliability),soinvestorsriskedonlytheamountoftheirinvestmentand
nottheirentireassets.
4.Thebest-knownstockexchangeis(theNewYorkStockExchange)locatedin
(theWallStreet)areaofNewYorkCity.
6.TheConstitutionofTheUnitedStatesbarsallkindsofinternal(tariffs),so
manufacturersdonothavetoworryabout(tariffbarriers)whenshippinggoodsfromonepartofthecountrytoanother.
IV
5.Serviceindustries
Serviceindustriesareindustriesthatsellaserviceratherthanmakeaproduct.Serviceindustriesrangefrombankingtotelecommunicationstotheprovisionofmealsinrestaurants.AsmoreandmorepeopleareemployedinserviceindustriesintheUS,itissometimessaidthattheUShasmovedintoa"post-industrialera”.
U8EducationintheUnitedStates
I
3.Americanuniversitystudentshavealwayslikedtogetdegreesthatareaimedatpreparingthemspecificallyforcertainprofessions.(F)
4.Oneofthethingsthatdecideswhetheranapplicantcanbeacceptedbyacollegeishis/herscoresontheScholasticAptitudeTests.(T)
5.Accordingtotheauthor,largeruniversitiesarealwaysbetter,andmoredesirableuniversitiesarealwaysmoreexpensive.(F)
6.Ittakesatleastfoursyearstogetabachelor'sdegreefromaninstitutionof
higherlearningintheUS.(T)
7.SegregatingblacksintoseparateschoolswasunconstitutionalafterthedecisionoftheSupremeCourtin1954.(T)
π
1.WhichofthefollowingsubjectsareNOTofferedtoelementaryschoolstudents?
(B.Politicsandbusinesseducation)
2.TheexpenditureinAmericanpublicschoolsisguidedordecidedby(D.
boardsofeducation)
3.IntheUnitedStatesschoolsystems,whichofthefollowingdivisionsistrue?
(C.Elementaryschool,secondaryschool)
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinAmericanhighereducation?
(B.
Researchinstitutions)
5.ThreeofthefollowingfactorshavecontributedtotheflourishingoflargeuniversitiesinAmerica,whichistheexception?
(C.largeuniversitiesoffer
scholarshipsallstudents)
7.Inordertogotouniversity,secondaryschoolstudentsmustmeetthefollowingrequirementsexceptthat(B.theypassthecollegeentrance
examinations)
8.Threeofthefollowinguniversitieshavelargeendowmentsfromwealthybenefactors.(B.theStateUniversityofNewYork)
9.Bothpublicandprivateuniversitiesdependonthefollowingsourcesofincomeexcept(A.investment)
10.Togetabachelor'sdegree,anundergraduatestudentisrequiredtodothefollowingexcept(C.takingcertainsubjectssuchashistory,language
andphilosophy)
In
1.About90%ofAmericanstudentsgoto(public)schoolsand10%attend
(private)schools.
3.Thefoal
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