最新中考英语阅读理解专题练习1.docx
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最新中考英语阅读理解专题练习1.docx
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最新中考英语阅读理解专题练习1
最新中考英语阅读理解专题练习1
一、初三英语阅读理解(含答案详细解析)
1.阅读理解
Sciencefictionisapopularkindofwriting,andmanypeoplethinkofJulesVerne(凡尔纳)asthefatherofsciencefiction.HewasborninFrancein1828.Hisfatherwantedhimtobecomealawyer,butfromhisearly20sVernedecidedtobecomeawriter.Atfirsthewroteplaysforthetheater.Then,in1863,hewroteastorycalledFiveWeeksinaBalloon.ThesuccessofthisbookencouragedhimtowritemorestoriessuchasAJourneytotheCenteroftheEarth(1864)andFromtheEarthtotheMoon(1865).
Inthe19thcentury,manypeoplewereinterestedinscienceandinventions.JulesVernewroteaboutscientificsubjectsinhisstoriesand,asaresult,theywereverypopular.Verne'swritingincludedmanypredictions(预言)forthe20thcenturyandmanyofthemcametrue.Hedescribedspaceflight,movies,andairconditioning,alongtimebeforetheyappeared.ThesebookswereverysuccessfulandtheymadeVernerich.
JulesVerne'sbookshavebeenthesubjectsformanymovies.20,000LeaguesundertheSeawasasuccessfulmovieforWaltDisney.ItwasthefirsttimethatDisneymoviehadusedrealactorsinsteadofcartoondrawings.AroundtheWorldinEightyDaysisanotherfamousmoviebasedononeofVerne'sbooks.ThemaincharacterisanEnglishmancalledPhileasFogg.Forhim,themostimportantthingistobealwaysontime!
(1)Whatdoesthephrase"thefatherofsciencefiction"mean?
A. Thefatherwhohasseveralchildren.
B. Themanwholovesscienceandinventions.
C. Thewriterwhosefatherwrotesciencefiction.
D. Themanwhofirststartedwritingsciencefictionsuccessfully.
(2)WhatencouragedJulesVernetowritemorestories?
A. Theplayshewroteforthetheater.
B. Theencouragementfromhisfather.
C. ThesuccessofFiveWeeksinaBalloon.
D. Thescientificsubjectsinhisstories.
(3)WhywereJulesVerne'sbooksverypopularinthe19thcentury?
A. Becausehisbooksmadehimrichandfamous.
B. Becausehewrotemanyplaysforthetheateratthattime.
C. Becausehisbookswerethesubjectsformanymovies.
D. Becausemanypeoplewereinterestedinscienceandinventions.
(4)WhichofthefollowinghasthemaincharactercalledPhileasFogg?
A. FiveWeeksinaBalloon.
B. AroundtheWorldinEightyDays.
C. AJourneytotheCenteroftheEarth.
D. FromtheEarthtotheMoon.
(5)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A. ThespaceflightVernedescribedwasdifferentfromothers.
B. ThemaincharactersinVerne'sbooksarealwaysontime.
C. JulesVerneonlywroteinthe19thcentury.
D. ManyofthepredictionsinVerne'sstoriescametrue.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)D
(4)B
(5)D
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
许多人认为朱勒凡尔纳是科幻小说之父,他的父亲希望他能成为一名律师,但是当他二十岁的时候,凡尔纳决定成为一名作家,他的书写的非常受欢迎,朱勒凡尔纳的书已经成为许多电影的主题。
(1)词语理解题。
根据短语thefatherofsciencefiction科幻小说之父。
可知,JulesVerne被认为是第一个写科幻小说的人,故选D。
(2)细节理解题。
根据文中的语句hewroteastorycalledFiveWeeksinaBalloon.Thesuccessofthisbookencouragedhimtowritemorestories”可知故事FiveWeeksinaBalloon的成功让凡尔纳更有动力写更多的小说,故选C。
(3)细节理解题。
根据文中的语句由文中 Inthe19thcentury,manypeoplewereinterestedinscienceandinventions.JulesVernewroteaboutscientificsubjectsinhisstoriesand,asaresult,theywereverypopular. 可知在19世纪,许多人对科学和发明感兴趣。
儒勒·凡尔纳在他的小说中写下了科学主题,因此很受欢迎。
故选D。
(4)细节理解题。
根据文中的语句AroundtheWorldinEightyDaysisanotherfamousmoviebasedononeofVerne'sbooks.ThemaincharacterisanEnglishmancalledPhileasFogg.可知《八十天环游世界》是根据凡尔纳的一本书改编的另一部著名电影。
主角是一个叫斐利亚·福克的英国人。
故选B。
(5)理解判断题。
根据文中的语句Verne'swritingincludedmanypredictions(预言)forthe20thcenturyandmanyofthemcametrue.可知凡尔纳的作品包括了许多对20世纪的预言,其中许多预言都实现了,故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本题主要考查了细节理解题,词义理解归纳题以及判断题,做题的时候,先从题目中找到一个关键词,它可以帮助我们很快地定位原文,找到答案。
2.根据短文理解选择正确答案。
C
Ifmusicmakesyousmarterandexercisehelpsyoutothink,surelyexercisingtomusiccanturnyouintoacleverperson.
AteamofscientistsfromOhioStateUniversitydidexperimentson33volunteerswhoweregettingbetterfromheartdiseaseafteroperations.TheyfoundthosevolunteerswhoexercisedwhilelisteningtoItalianmusicianAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasonsdidmuchbetteronlanguageabilityteststhanwithoutmusic.Itisalsousedinmedicalfieldsforpatientswhohavehadheadhurtsbecauseofitsmoderatetempo(舒缓的节拍).
“Exerciseseemstocausepositivechangesinthenerve(神经)systemandthesechangesmayimprovethelearningabilityofpeoplewithheartdisease,”saidthepsychologistCharlesEmery,wholedthestudy.“Andlisteningtomusicisthoughttoenhanceunderstanding.Wejustwantedtoputthetworesultstogether,”headded.
Thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltbetteremotionallyandphysicallyafterexercisingwithorwithoutmusic.Buttheirimprovementonthetestdoubledafterlisteningtomusicduringexercise.Scientistshaveprovedthatmusiccanbegoodforhealthandeducation.Ithelpsreducestressandsadness,encouragerelaxationorsleep,wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts.
Scientistshavebeenstudyingtheresultsofexercisetomusiconlearningandunderstandingsincetheearly1950s.AstudyshowedthatstudentswholistenedtoMozart'sviolinpiecesandexercisedwentontogethighermarksinanIQtest.Withimportantexamsdrawingnear,yourparentswillnotprobablyallowyoutolistentomusicorplaysports.Butperhapsnowyouhavegoodreasonstoarguewiththem.
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordenhancemean?
A. produce
B. provide
C. improve
D. impress
(2)Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat .
A. youshouldfollowyourparents'words
B. youhavesomegoodreasonstojoininanIQtest
C. goodmarksdependonlisteningtomusicandexcising
D. exercisetomusicmighthelpyougethighergradesintests
(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A. Musichelpsvolunteersgetbetterfromheartdisease.
B. Exerciseisusedforpeoplewithheadhurts.
C. Exercisecausesnochangesinhealthwithoutmusic.
D. Musiccanhelpyourelaxandfeelenergetic.
(4)Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A. ExercisetoMusic B. Musicandstudy
C. ImportanceofMusic D. StudiesonExercise
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了多听音乐可以提高我们的学习能力,可以让我们更健康,有聪明,说明了音乐的重要作用。
(1)词义猜测。
根据本段第一句“Factssuggestthatexerciseimprovesthelearningabilityofpeoplewithheartdisease,”说明音乐可以提高那些患病的人的学习能力,说明Andlisteningtomusicisthoughttoenhanceunderstanding.中的enhance是指提高,增强的意思。
produce生产;provide提供;improve提高;impress给……留下印象。
故C正确。
(2)细节理解。
根据文章倒数3,4行AstudyshowedstudentswholistenedtoMozartwentontoscorehighermarksinanintelligencetest.说明多听音乐可能让人在智力测试中得到高分,说明D项正确。
(3)细节理解。
根据倒数第二段Scientistshaveprovedthatmusiccanbegoodforhealthandeducation.Ithelpsreducestressandsadness,encouragerelaxationorsleep,wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts可知音乐可以减少压力,让人放松,唤醒身体,提高记忆等,故选D。
(4)主旨大意。
本文第一句Ifmusicmakesyousmarterandexercisehelpsyoutothink,surelyexercisingtomusiccanturnyouintoacleverperson是文章的中心句,下文都是围绕第一句进行阐述,故选A。
【点评】本文主要讲述的是音乐的重要作用,需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。
要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力,根据上下文中出现的同义词,近义词,反义词,以及词义的解释来理解生词。
同时要抓住文章的中心,不要受其他信息的影响。
要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。
3.阅读理解
Everybodyhatesrats.Butratsmaysoonbeman'snewgoodfriends.Whathappensafteranearthquake?
Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?
Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescuerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebigandtheycan'tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:
therat.
Howdoesitwork?
First,theratistrainedtosmellpeople.Whenthishappens,therat'sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat'sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.Therathassmelledthatperson.
Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.Robots'nosesdon'tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat.Ratscanalsoseeinthedark,theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs,andunlikerobots,theydon'tneedelectricity!
The"ratproject"isnotfinished.Butascientistsays,"Itwouldbegreat.Aratcouldgetintoanyplacewecouldn'tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn'tsafe."Perhapsforthefirsttimeinhistory,peoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuilding(butonlyafteranearthquake,ofcourse).
(1)Wheredoyouthinkyoucanfindthispassage?
A. Inamagazineabouttoys.
B. Inahistorybook.
C. Inanewspaperaboutscience.
D. Inanadvertisement.
(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?
A. Ratsdon'tneedelectricity.
B. Ratsarebetterthanrobotswhensmelling.
C. Ratsareascleverasradios. D. Ratscanseethingsinthedarkwhendoingrescues.
(3)Whydoesthe"ratproject"soundgreataccordingtothepassage?
A. Becauseratscangetintoverysmallspaces.
B. Becauseratshavebetternosesthandogs.
C. Becauseratsdon'tlikerobots.
D. Becauseratsarebrave.
(4)Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A. Waysofsavingpeople
B. Rats
C. Earthquakes
D. Ratsforrescue
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了老鼠是怎样营救人的。
(1)推断题。
根据全文可知主要讲了老鼠救人,所以可以在关于科学的报纸上发现,故选C。
(2)细节题。
根据Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.可知信号被发送给收音机,而没有说老鼠和收音机一样聪明,故选C。
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