高考英语精选考点专项突破21 阅读理解文化教育类.docx
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高考英语精选考点专项突破21 阅读理解文化教育类.docx
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高考英语精选考点专项突破21阅读理解文化教育类
专题21阅读理解(文化教育类)
1.B【2019·全国I】
ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.
Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.
Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.
LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent,”Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’”
Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.
“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”
24.WhatmadeChrisnervous?
A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.
C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?
A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.
26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.
A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths
B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskills
C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs
D.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics
27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?
A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.
【答案】24.B25.A26.A27.C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。
为了帮助学生学英语以及树立他们的信心,ThomasWhaley专门开展了一个演讲课程。
24.B推理判断题。
根据首段首句中“todayisspeechday”以及第二段首句中“Buthe’snervous.”可知,Chris紧张的原因是他要进行公开的演讲。
故选B。
25.A词意猜测题。
由第二段中Chris所说话中“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers”以及下文“exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell”可知,Chris发ld比较困难,这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难,总体来说Chris做得出奇的好。
根据前文可知,ld发音不准,因此有些结巴,停顿得不准,故选A。
26.A推理判断题。
文章在最后两段提到Whaley想到这个主意是因为看到孩子们害怕在说英语时出错,缺少自信,由此推断他的目的是为了让孩子们意识到自己的长处,增强自信心。
而且文章末段首句也是提示信息。
故选A。
27.C推理判断题。
文章介绍了当Whaley看到孩子们缺少自信时,非常痛心,于是创立了这个课程,这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心,故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。
humorous幽默的;ambitious雄心壮志的;caring关爱的,体贴的;demanding要求高的。
故选C。
2.B【2019·全国III】
ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.
"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.
Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.
"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.
ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."
24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?
A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.
C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.
25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?
A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.
C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.
26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?
A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competingagainst
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld
B.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork
C.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics
D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends
【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。
本文分析了A+ENetworks公司的CCO(首席文化官)AmandaHil1对近期纽约举办的中国元素服装设计展举世瞩目这一事件的评论,以此展现出中国流行文化在设计领域引领世界潮流的现状。
24.B细节理解题。
由第三段最后一句“Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.”可知,这次展览的观众规模空前。
故选B。
25.A推理判断题。
由第四段Hill的第一句话“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”可知,Hill认为中国的女性已经占领时尚运动的中心地位,她们正在定义时尚。
故选A。
26.D词意猜测题。
从本句的后半句andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales可知,VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWu正作为中国的时尚设计师代表同Galliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs这些时尚设计品牌交锋并占据优势,因此句中的takeon意为“与……抗衡”。
故选D。
27.D主旨大意题。
从整篇文章来看,本文是通过A+ENetworks公司的CCO(首席文化官)AmandaHil1对近期在纽约举办的中国元素时尚服装展览盛况空前的评论,得到中国的时尚设计力量正在引起世界注意并逐渐成为主力的结论。
故选D。
3.C【2019·全国III】
Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.
Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.
Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.
Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.
28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?
A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.
29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?
A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.
C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.
30.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?
A.Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.
C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.
31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?
A.Itwasadifficultprocess.B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.
C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.
【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
十九世纪三十年代之前报纸由于只能以年为单位订购,几乎仅仅是有钱人的专有物,后来一些有胆略的年轻商人打破现状,逐渐让街上以份售卖成为报纸销售的主流。
这就是报纸行业的一场大的变革。
28.B细节理解题。
由第一段第四句“Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.”可知,在19世纪30年代之前大部份报纸都没有什么吸引大众的内容,故选B。
29.C细节理解题。
由第二段第二句“Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.”可知,街上按单份卖的报纸相比之前只能以年为单位订购的报纸,更容易让普通大众消费,也就是有了更多的读者群,故选C。
30.B细节理解题。
从第二段第二句Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.可知报纸售卖的新潮流目的是向普通大众销售报纸,故选B。
31.A细节理解题。
最后一段第一句“Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.”就谈到了开始得不顺利,再结合下文的“failure”以及“hadlittledesiretochangethetradition”可知,"pennypaper"这一新潮流并不顺利,许多成功报纸商不愿改变传统,只是有一些年轻的有胆识的商人努力才促使改革成功。
整个过程非常辛苦,故选A。
4.C【2018·全国II】
Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.
Whilethedeclineoverthepast
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