水产养殖专业英语.docx
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水产养殖专业英语.docx
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水产养殖专业英语
水产养殖专业英语
OceanToday
一
OpenRivers,AbundantFish
Manyspeciesoffish,includingthosethatareimportanttothe.economy,migratefromtheoceantofreshwaterriversandstreamstospawn.Afterspendingyearsintheocean,fishinstinctuallyreturntothesameriverswheretheywereborn,makingtheoften-treacherousjourneyupstream.Somefish,likesalmon,travelnearlyathousandmiles.
Iftheymakeitpaststrongrivercurrentsandhungrypredators,thesedeterminedfishmaythenfindthemselvesblockedbyman-madebarriers,suchasdams.
AsmanyastwomilliondamsandculvertsarelocatedinthestreamsandriversoftheUnitedStates. Unfortunately,manyofthemblockaccesstomorethan600,000milesofriverhabitat. Special“fishladders”arebuilttohelpfishpassoverthesedamssotheycancontinueswimmingupstreamtoreachtheirspawninggrounds.
Someofthedamsthatblockfishpassageareimportantproducersofcleanelectricalpower.Butotherdamsinthewayoffishmigrationsareoldandoutofuse,evendangerousiftheyareleftuncheckedandnotmaintained.Oftenthebestsolutionistotakethemdown.
In2007,PortlandGeneralElectricremovedtheMarmotDaminOregon,whichopened100milesoffreshwaterhabitattothousandsofmigratingfish.Amongthemwereseveralsalmonspecies,whicharelistedas'threatened'undertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.
TheMerrimackVillageDaminNewHampshirewasanothersuccessfuldamremoval.Thesmalldam,originallybuiltinthe1730s,hadfallenintodisuseanddisrepair.
Loiselle:
“RemovaloftheMerrimackVillageDamisgoingtomakewayforriverherring,Americanshad,Americaneels,andAtlanticsalmonthathavebeenblockedfrommigratinguptheSouheganRiverforalmosttwoandahalfcenturies.
…[bigsmile]weanticipatethatwe’regoingtoseemanymorefish,otherwildlifeintheareaandinourriversystemthanwe’veeverseenbefore.”
NARRATOR:
Whenweremoveabarriertomigratingfish,wenotonlyincreasethehealthandquantityoflocalfishpopulations,wealsoincreasetheoverallhealthoftheriverandeventheeconomichealthofthecommunity.
NOAAhashelpedremoveover50damsin12years,enablingmigratoryfishtofinallyreachtheirhistorichabitat.
二
FishonaFarm
Everyweekendsmallfarmersaroundthecountryheadtotheirlocalfarmer’smarketstoselltheirfruitsandveggies.
WellguesswhatThere’sanewfarmerintown.Fishfarmers.
Inthe.,weimportover80%oftheseafoodweeat,andhalfofthatisfarmed.Thisgrowingdemandforsafe,healthyseafoodhaspromptedarevivalofthefishfarmingindustryhereathome.
Farmersraisefinfishusingavarietyofmethods,buttheyallstartoutwithbabyfishorfingerlingsraisedinahatchery.Oncetheyarelargeenough,thefishareplacedineithersurfacepensneartheshoreorsubmersiblecagesintheopenocean.Thenettingorcagesallowoceanwatertoflowinandout,butkeepsthefishcontainedinonearea. Fishfoodisdispensedfrombuoysfloatingonthesurfaceatthetopofthepen.Oncethefishhavematured–theyareharvestedusinglargevacuums.Thefisharethenprepped,placedonice,andtakentomarket.
Therearesomeenvironmentalconcernsassociatedwithfishfarming:
Forexample,thepelletsusedtofeedthefishareactuallymadefromsmallfishcaughtinthewild.Inordertokeeplargernumbersoftheseimportantfishinthefoodchain,expertsarenowfindingalternativeingredientsforfishmeal.
Anotherconcernisthattoomanycagesinthewronglocationcanleadtowaterpollution. Butexpertsarenowusingcomputermodelstomapoutsiteswherecageswouldhavelessenvironmentalimpact.
Fishfarmingcangeneratejobsandprofitshereathome. Andwiththeuseofnewtechnologies,itcanalsosafelyandsustainablymeetthedemandsofaseafoodhungrynation.
三
SeafoodDoesaBodyGood
Whenweheadtothebeachwethinkofsun,sand,andfun.
Attheendofthedaymanyofusliketoenjoyfresh,localseafood.Evenifyouarenotonthecoast,seafoodisbecominganumberonetreatforgoingouttoeat.Thegoodnewsissafeseafooddoesabodygood.Seafoodsuppliesprotein,nutrients,andessentialomega-3fattyacids;protectsagainstcardio-vasculardisease;andbenefitsbraindevelopment.Andseafoodisgoodfortheeconomy.In2012,the.commercialfishingindustrygenerated$141billioninsales,$39billioninincome,andsupportedmillionjobs.
Aquaculture,alsoknownasfishandshellfishfarming–isoutpacingwildharvestfisheriesgloballyinordertomeetseafooddemand.
TheUSalsohasavibrantandgrowingaquacultureindustry.
Whilethe.isaworldleaderinsustainability,withNOAAFisheriesmanagingandimprovingfishhabitatsandstocks,ourmarinescientistsareatthecuttingedgeofresearchthat’skeepingourseafoodsupplysafe.
Forexample,researchersaresuccessfullydevelopingandtestingalternativefeedsforfarmedfreshwaterandmarinefishtohelpmaintainhighnutritionalvaluewhilereducingourrelianceonalimitedsupplyoffishmealandfishoilinaquafeeds.
And,scientistsatNOAA’sNorthwestFisheriesScienceCenteraretestingtheEnvironmentalSampleProcessortohelpforecastbloomsofharmfulalgaeandbacteriauptoaweekinadvanceinordertoprotectshellfishbedsandthepublicfrompossibleexposure. TheshellfishindustryinthePacificNorthwestsuppliesmillionsofpoundsofseafoodtothe.andtheworld.
AndmillionsofdollarsinfundingopportunitiesthroughNOAASeaGrantandthe.DepartmentofAgriculture’sSmallBusinessInnovationResearchwillhelpfosterotheradvancementsinaquaculturescienceandtechnology.
TheseeffortsacrossNOAA,otherfederalagencies,andtheirpartnerswillcontinuetosupportasafe,healthyandsecureseafoodsupplyforusalltoenjoy.
Becauseseafoodhealth,theocean’shealth,andourhealth,allrelyononeanother.
四
NorthAtlanticRightWhales
TheNorthAtlanticrightwhalegotitsnamefromwhalers.Becausethesewhalestravelslowlyandspendalotoftimeatthesurface,theywereeasytargets. Forwhalerstheywerethe“right”whalestohunt.Withfewerthan400left,theyarenowthe“right”whalestosave.
MarinebiologiststracktheirmigratoryroutesoffNorthAmericaforthespringandfall,butthewinteringgroundsformuchoftherightwhalepopulationareunknown.Usinghydrophones,scientistsrecordedwhalecallsinthewatersbetweenGreenlandandIcelandfromJulytoDecemberof2007.Ahydrophoneissimplyamicrophonedesignedtocaptureunderwatersounds.
NorthAtlanticrightwhalecallssoundlikescreams,bangs,andgroans.Afterdecipheringthousandsofthesenewrecordings,therewasevidenceofrightwhalescallingnearbymanytimes.Thisareawasthoughttobeanabandonedhabitat,butthisdiscoveryconfirmsthatitcontinuestobeused.
Newdiscoveriesalwaysleadtomorequestions:
HowmanywhalesarethereCouldthesewhalesbemembersofatotallyseparatepopulation,orevenaneasternpopulationthoughttobeextinct
Whatevertheanswersmaybe,hydrophoneshelpedusfindthesewhalesinahardtoreachlocation.Butmostimportant,ifweknowwheretheserightwhalesarewintering,thenwecanbetterprotectthemandmaybeevenhelpthemrecover.
五
AntarcticKrill
Krillaresmallcrustaceansfoundthroughouttheocean.Theyplayanimportantroleintheaquaticfoodchain,particularlyintheSouthernOcean.
Antarctickrillprovideavitalfoodsourceforwhales,seals,icefish,andpenguins. Theseanimalsdependoneatinglargequantitiesofkrillforsurvivalintheharshclimate.
Fortheirownmeals,Antarctickrilleatsmallplantslikephytoplankton,aswellasalgaeunderthesurfaceofseaice.
Krillhavetheabilitytoshrinktheirbodiesandundergolongperiodsofstarvation. TheseadaptationsallowthemtosurvivethewintermonthsintheAntarctic.
Krilltravelinswarmssodensetheycanactuallybeseenfromspace. Andit’sestimatedthatthetotalweightofAntarctickrillismorethantheweightofallhumansonEarth. Prettyimpressiveforananimalthesizeofyourpinky.
Andthat’slifewiththeiceforAntarctickrill.
六
BuildingGoodMussels
Farmersgrowallkindsofseafoodsuchasfish,shrimp,andoysters.Thatmaysoundfunnybutitisamethodcalled“aquaculture.”Aquaculturehappensinponds,rivers,bays,andtheocean.
Farmersalsogrowatypeofshellfishcalled“mussels.”Youmayhaveseenmusselsgrowingfromapier,jetty,ordock.Theirblackshellishardand,inthewild,theygrowinclusters.Musselsareeasytofarmandgreattoeat.
Theyalsohelpcleanthewater.Musselsarefilter-feeders,whichmeansthattheyfeedbycollectingtinyorganismsfromthewater.Sotheycleanandfilterthewaterastheyeat.
FishermenfromRhodeIslandtoMainearebeginningtofarmmusselsinsocksintheocean.First,theycollectbabymusselseedonropesneartheshore.Theseedgoesintoasockaroundalongrope.Onthewater,thesockwiththeropeisconnectedtobuoys,droppedintothewater,andlefttogrowintheoceanforatleastayear.Afteroneyear,juicymusselsareburstingthroughthesocks.Theyarecollected,packedonice,andbroughtbacktoshoretosell.
Asmallfarmwith12longlinescanproduceupto180,000poundsofmusselseachyear.Farmingmusselsonraftsandonthebottomishardwork,muddy,andmessy.Butitcanbefun,too.Rightnow,intheUnitedStates,musselfarmingiscatchingonamongfishermenandfarmers.It’shelpingprovidetheseafoodweneedinahealthyandsustainablemanner.
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- 关 键 词:
- 水产 养殖 专业 英语
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