英语自主学习1.docx
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英语自主学习1.docx
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英语自主学习1
第二周
选词填空
Moreandmoreyoungadultsareremainingsingleand1.Thisisbringingaboutaviolentchangeintheeducationofyoungpeople.Moreandmoreyounggirlsaresigningupfortheclasses2reservedonlyforboys.And,3,agoodnumberofboysarefindingthatclassesincookingandsewingareextremelyusefultotheirownindependence.
Agrowing4ofcollegestudentsarechoosingtotaketheclasseswhicharemeaningfulandusefulratherthantraditional.Ifinditencouragingthatsomewomenarepursuingtrainingasmechanicsandelectricians.Withintenyearsorso,thenumberofwomeninthemechanicalfieldmaybenearly5tothenumberofmen.
Itisbecomingmoreandmore6thatwomenarenot"mechanicallydumb".Theyjustnevergottheencouragementtolearnthebasicsofmechanics.Itdoesn'trequireaman'shandtoturnascrewortightenabolt.Thetoolsaredesignedforanyone'shand.Iknowseveralwomenwhohaverebuiltand7theirowncars,andtheyarenobrawnierthananaveragesecretary.
Slowly,bitbybit,Iamlearninghowtheengineinmycarworksandwhatisrequiredtokeepit8.It'sdirtyworkandrequiressomedetermination,butIamgainingindependencebecauseofthenotionthatitis"man'swork"andIwon'thavetotakeittoamechanicwhowouldbehappyto9an"ignorant"woman.
Someday,perhaps,whenwomenhavebeengiventhechancetoallowtheirtalentstoblossom,wemayfindthatladymechanicswillbe10overmales.Nowwon'tthatbeaswitch?
A.runningB.equalC.apparentD.preferredE.number
F.converselyG.rushingH.over-chargeI.accuseJ.independent
K.volumeL.maintainedM.purchasedN.previouslyO.immediately
阅读理解
Passage1
Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoffillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.
Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.
1. Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause________.
A) theyareindispensabletopeople'ssocialwell-being
B) theywakenpeople'sdesiretoexchangeresources
C) theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationera
D) theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc.
该题您未回答:
х 该问题分值:
0
答案:
A
辨认事实题。
题目询问为什么人际关系很重要。
根据interpersonalrelationships查找到文章首句,A项是该句的同义表达。
2. Researchshowsthatpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealth________.
A) reliesonthesocialwelfaresystemswhichsupportthem
B) hasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothers
C) dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroubles
D) iscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlives
该题您未回答:
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0
答案:
B
辨认事实题。
题目询问研究表明人们的生理和心理健康如何。
根据第1段第4、5句“Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles...havebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties”,故选B项。
3. Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"cushions"(Line1,Para.2)?
A) Addsupto.B) Doesawaywith.
C) Lessenstheeffectof.D) Laysthefoundationfor.
该题您未回答:
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0
答案:
C
词义推断题。
题目询问“cushions”的意思是什么。
根据第1段尾句及第2段first,second,third和finally列举结构及文章结尾的reducestress可知,这个词的意思是“减轻……的作用”,故选C项。
4. Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof________.
A) instrumentalsupportB) informationalsupport
C) socialcompanionshipD) thestrengtheningofself-respect
该题您未回答:
х 该问题分值:
0
答案:
A
辨认事实题。
题目询问帮助一个生病的邻居修理东西是什么样的例子。
根据第2段列举结构的最后一条(finally之后)信息可知“其他人还可以为我们提供诸如财务、物资和必要的服务等方面的帮助”,而这些例子都是instrumentalsupport,故选A项。
5. Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat________.
A) ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelatives
B) itenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakes
C) itmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmoreenjoyable
D) itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroubles
Passage2
Friendshipisoneofthebasicbondsbetweenhumanbeings.Whilethecharacteristicsoffriendshipmightvaryfromonecountrytoanother,peoplefromallculturesnotonlyenjoyfriendsbutneedthem.
Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsychologicaldisorders.Ithasbeenshownthatteenagers,perhapsmorethananyotheragegroup,needcompanionshipandasenseofbelonging.Thenegativeconsequencesoflonelinesshavealsobeenobservedamongtheelderly.Thedeathofaspouseoftenleavesawidoworawidowertotallybereft.If,however,theyaresurroundedbyfriendsandrelativesandiftheyareabletoarticulatetheirfeelings,theyaremorelikelytorecoverfromtheirgrief.
“Nomanisanisland.”Inotherwords,weareallpartsofsociety.Weallneedthelove,admiration,respectandmoralsupportofotherpeople.Ifwearefortunate,ourfriendswillprovideuswithallofthesenecessaryaspectsoflife.
Asmostpeopleobserve,therearemanylevelsoffriendship.Thedegreeorintensityoffriendshipvariesdependingonthepersonalityoftheindividualsinvolvedandthecontextoftherelationships.Extrovertsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasintrovertsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.
Everyoneisnotequallyopenwithalltheirfriends.Thedegreeofintimacyisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanystageinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyveryrare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Irrespectiveofthelevelofintimacy,allfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity,honestyandacertainamountofloveandaffection.
6.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat______.
A)teenagerswithoutfriendswillsufferfrompsychologicalproblems
B)awidoworawidowerwilldieverysoonwithoutcompanionship
C)humanbeingsneedcompanionshipandasenseofbelonging
D)bothAandB
7.“Nomanisanisland”(Line1,Para.3)impliesthat______.
A)everyoneisapartofanisland
B)mancannotbeanisland
C)everyoneisjustapartofsociety
D)societyisanisland
8.Thedegreeofintimacyoffriendshipmainlydependson______.
A)age B)belongingC)personality D)culture
9.Theauthorthinksthatclosefriends______.
A)canbeeasilyformedwhenoneisyoung
B)cannotbelong-lasting
C)arenotrareforeveryone
D)arerareformostpeople
10.Theword“irrespective”(Lastsentence,Para.5)means_____.
A)notrespecting B)dishonoring
C)regardless D)considering
第三周
Part1Reading-in-depthPassage
“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’sattention”.Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactions,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.
Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.
“Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”
Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.
Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.
1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward____.
A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewards
B)theappropriateamountofexternalrewards
C)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandexternalrewards
D)theeffe
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