届高考英语二轮专题复习专练细节理解题专练2.docx
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届高考英语二轮专题复习专练细节理解题专练2.docx
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届高考英语二轮专题复习专练细节理解题专练2
细节理解题专练
(二)
A
(2017·山西省太原市高三年级模拟试题一)
Researcherssaycurrentexerciseguidelinesareunrealisticandarguethatdoctorsshouldsometimesadvisesmallincreasesinactivityinstead.Theywarnthe150minuteweeklytargetisbeyondthereachofsomepeople—particularlyolderindividuals.Andtryingtoreachthesegoalscouldmeanthebenefitsoflighterexerciseareoverlooked.Butpublichealthofficialssaycurrentrecommendationshaveprovenbenefitsinloweringtheriskofheartdisease.
Thereisincreasingevidencethatinactivityislinkedtoheartdisease,type2diabetes(糖尿病)andsometypesofcancer.UKguidelinesforadultsrecommendatleasttwoandahalfhoursofmoderateactivityaweek,inshortperiodsof10minutesormore.
ButintwoseparatearticlesinTheBMJ,expertsarguethemessageneedstochange,withgreateremphasisonmakinginactivepeoplemovemore.Prof.PhilipedeSoutoBarretoattheUniversityHospitalofToulouse,advisespeoplewhoaresedentary(久坐不动的)tomakesmallincreasesintheiractivitylevels—ratherthanpushingtoachievecurrentgoals.Hepointstopreviousstudieswhichshowevenshortperiodsofwalkingorjust20minutesofenergeticactivityafewtimesamonthcanreducetheriskofdeath,comparedtopeoplewhodonoexercise.
Inthesecondarticle,Prof.PhilipeSparklingoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,saysdoctorsshouldtailortheiradvice—particularlyforolderpatients.HesuggestsusingGPvisitsforpeopleover60todiscuss“realisticoptions”toincreaseactivity—suchasgettingpeopletostandupandmoveduringTVcommercialbreaks.
Prof.KevinFentonatPublicHealthEnglandsays,“Everyoneneedstobeactiveeveryday—shortperiodsof10ormoreminutesofphysicalactivityhaveprovenhealthbenefits,butgetting150minutesormoreofmoderateactivityeveryweekistheamountweneedtopositivelyimpactonawiderangeofhealthconditions.”Thisincludesreducingtheriskofheartdiseaseandtype2diabetes.
【解题导语】 本文主要讨论了人们对现行锻炼指导原则的不同看法。
【难句分析】 Hepointstopreviousstudieswhichshowevenshortperiodsofwalkingorjust20minutesofenergeticactivityafewtimesamonthcanreducetheriskofdeath,comparedtopeoplewhodonoexercise.
分析:
本句是一个复合句。
句中which引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为previousstudies;comparedtopeoplewhodonoexercise是过去分词短语作状语。
译文:
他提到了以前的研究,那些研究表明与那些不锻炼的人比起来,即使短时间的行走或者一个月只是几次的20分钟的消耗体力的运动都会减少死亡的风险。
1.Whatisthecurrentexercisegoalmentionedinthepassage?
A.10minuteexercise. B.20minuteexercise.
C.60minuteexercise.D.150minuteexercise.
解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Theywarnthe150minuteweeklytargetisbeyondthereachofsomepeople—particularlyolderindividuals”及“Andtryingtoreachthesegoals”可知,现行的锻炼目标是每周150分钟的运动量,故选D。
干扰项分析:
根据第二段的“UKguidelinesforadultsrecommendatleasttwoandahalfhoursofmoderateactivityaweek,inshortperiodsof10minutesormore”可知,A项错误;根据第三段的最后一句“Hepointstopreviousstudieswhichshowevenshortperiodsofwalkingorjust20minutesofenergeticactivityafewtimesamonthcanreducetheriskofdeath,comparedtopeoplewhodonoexercise”可知,20分钟的锻炼量是PhilipedeSoutoBarreto教授的建议,故B项错误;C项文章中并没有提到,故排除。
2.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?
A.10minuteexercisehaslittleeffectonthehealth.
B.Heartdiseasehappenseasilytotheoldinactivity.
C.Twoandahalfhoursofexerciseisnotnecessary.
D.Inactivityeasilybringsaboutmanyseriousdiseases.
解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第二段的第一句“Thereisincreasingevidencethatinactivityislinkedtoheartdisease,type2diabetes(糖尿病)andsometypesofcancer”可知,不活动会引发很多疾病,故选D。
干扰项分析:
B项错在心脏病容易发生在活动中的老年人身上,而第二段中只提到不活动会引发心脏病等疾病;根据第二段的第二句“UKguidelinesforadultsrecommendatleasttwoandahalfhoursofmoderateactivityaweek,inshortperiodsof10minutesormore”可知,A项和C项均错误。
3.WhatisthesuggestionofProf.PhilipedeSoutoBarretoaccordingtothethirdparagraph?
A.Peopleshouldspendlesstimeonexercise.
B.Peopleshouldlowertheiractivitylevels.
C.Peopleshouldincreaseexerciseproperly.
D.Peopleshouldachievetheircurrentgoals.
解析:
C 考查细节理解。
根据第三段的第二句“Prof.PhilipedeSoutoBarretoattheUniversityHospitalofToulouse,advisespeoplewhoaresedentary(久坐不动的)tomakesmallincreasesintheiractivitylevels—ratherthanpushingtoachievecurrentgoals”可知,PhilipedeSoutoBarreto教授建议人们要适当增加锻炼,故选C。
4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcurrentexerciseguidelines?
A.Theyareimpractical.
B.Theyarereasonable.
C.Theyhavenoeffectonus.
D.Theyarepopularwithpeople.
解析:
A 考查细节理解。
根据第一段的第一句“Researcherssaycurrentexerciseguidelinesareunrealisticandarguethatdoctorsshouldsometimesadvisesmallincreasesinactivityinstead”可知,现行的锻炼指导原则并不实用,故选A。
B
(2017·辽宁大连双基测试)
Formanypeople,beingonthejobmightjustsoundlikeapicniccomparedtoadayathomefilledwithhousework,mealsandchildcare.Evenforthosewithahappyfamilylife,homecansometimesfeelmoretaxingthanwork.
Inanewstudy,researchersatPennStateUniversityfoundsignificantlyandconsistentlylowerlevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)releasedinresponsetostress,inamajorityofsubjectswhentheywereatworkcomparedtowhentheywereathome.Thiswastrueforbothmenandwomen,andparentsandpeoplewithoutchildren.
Bothmenandwomenshowedlessstressatwork.Butwomenweremorelikelytoreportfeelinghappierthere.Menweremorelikelytofeelhappierathome.Expertssaythereareotherreasonswhyworkislessstressfulthanhomeformany.“Paidworkismorevaluedinsociety,”saysSarahDamaske,theleadresearcheronthestudy.“Householdworkisboringandnotparticularlyrewarding.”
Wegetbetteratourjobwithtimeandtheincreasedcompetencemeanslessstressandmorerewards.Yetnoneofus,nomatterhowlongwe'vebeendoingit,evertrulyfeelslikeanexpertatparentingorevenatmarriage.
Thesupportandfriendshipofcoworkersalsoofferstressrelief.Athome,meanwhile,stressspreadsandaccumulatesquickly.“That'sthereasonwhymosthousewiveswishtheywerethebreadearners,”Dr.Damaskesays.
Muchoftheadvicetofamiliesandcouplesincludesthewarningtoleaveworkstressattheofficeandeventochangeourmindsetfromworktohome,forexample,awalkaroundtheblock.Therecentfindings,though,suggestourhomelife,notourattitude,mightbedueforsomechange.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项研究,该研究表明越来越多的人认为上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。
【难句分析】 Inanewstudy,researchersatPennStateUniversityfoundsignificantlyandconsistentlylowerlevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)releasedinresponsetostress,inamajorityofsubjectswhentheywereatworkcomparedtowhentheywereathome.
分析:
这是一个复合句。
两个when都引导时间状语从句。
译文:
在一项新的研究中,宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员发现,比起在家里,大多数人在工作的时候,面对压力,他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。
5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“taxing”?
A.stressful B.cheerful
C.worthwhileD.rewarding
解析:
A 考查词义猜测。
本题可利用句意推断法及语境分析法解题。
根据第一段第一句“Formanypeople,beingonthejobmightjustsoundlikeapicniccomparedtoadayathomefilledwithhousework,mealsandchildcare”可知,很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比,工作像野餐一样。
言外之意,上班比在家轻松,在家比上班更有压力。
故选A。
干扰项分析:
cheerful“快乐的,令人愉快的”;worthwhile“值得做的”;rewarding“值得做的,有意义的”。
6.Whatdidtheresearchinthesecondparagraphprove?
A.Menfeltbetterathome.
B.Womenfelttheyhadlesstime.
C.Womenwereeasiertofeelhappier.
D.Mostpeoplefeltmorestressathome.
解析:
D 考查细节理解。
本题可利用分析长难句法解题。
根据第二段内容可知,研究发现:
比起在家里,大多数人在工作的时候,面对压力,他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低,这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。
故选D。
7.Whatdomostpeoplethinkofworkattheoffice?
A.Itiscompetitive.
B.Itimprovesability.
C.Itcan'trelievestress.
D.Itdoesn'talwayspayoff.
解析:
B 考查细节理解。
根据第四段的第一句“Wegetbetteratourjobwithtimeandtheincreasedcompetence...rewards”可知,随着时间的推移,大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。
故选B。
8.Accordingtotherecentfindings,whatshouldwechangetosolvetheproblemmentioned?
A.Ourattitude.B.Ourmindset.
C.Ourhomelife.D.Ourworkingstyle.
解析:
C 考查细节理解。
根据最后一段的最后一句“Therecentfindings,though,suggestourhomelife,notourattitude,mightbedueforsomechange”可知,我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。
故选C。
C
(2017·河南洛阳高三第一次统考)
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