一模前阅读理解专题练05解析版.docx
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一模前阅读理解专题练05解析版.docx
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一模前阅读理解专题练05解析版
一模前阅读理解专题练05
题组一
A
Top4MotivationalBooks
Whetheryou’relookingforagraduationgiftidea,oryou’rehopingtohelpyourteenmakebetterchoices,amotivationalbookmightbetheanswer.
WhoMovedMyCheese?
forTeens
WhoMovedMyCheese?
hasbeenalifechangingbookformanyadults.Theteenversionwillsurelycreatepositivechangeintheirlivesaswell.
Adolescenceisfilledwithchangeanduncertaintyandthisbookfocusesontheskillsneededtoadaptanddevelopincreasedresilience.
HelpYourselffor
Teens:
Real-LifeAdviceforReal-LifeChallenges
WrittenbyDavePelzer,the#1NewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorofAChildCalled“It”,thisbookisa‘partself-helpbookandpartinspirationalmemoir.’Pelzershowsteenshowtheycanovercomewhateverchallengestheyfaceinlife.
TheCode:
TheFiveSecretsofTeenSuccess
Theauthor,MawiAsgedom,grewupduringacivilwarinEthiopia.HeovercameadversityandwasawardedascholarshiptoHarvard.Inthisquickread,yourteenwilllearnvaluablelessonsonresilience.
The7HabitsofHighlyEffectiveTeens
SeanCovey,sonoftheauthorofThe7HabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople,providesateen-friendlyversionofthisclassicbook.Helpingyourteendevelopthesehabitsatanearlyagewillsethimupforfuturesuccessinlife.
【语篇简析】本文为说明文。
短文介绍了四本为青少年准备的书。
56.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?
A.Parents.B.Teachers.C.Teenagers.D.Graduates.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。
根据文章标题Top4MotivationalBooksforTeens可知这篇文章是为青少年准备的。
故选C。
57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheintroductionsofthefourbooks?
A.WhoMovedMyCheese?
forTeensappealstoadultsandteenagersalike.
B.HelpYourselfforTeens:
Real-LifeAdviceforReal-LifeChallengesisthe#1NewYorkTimesbestseller.
C.TheCode:
TheFiveSecretsofTeenSuccesstouchesonachievingacademicsuccessagainstabackgroundofmilitaryconflict.
D.The7HabitsofHighlyEffectivePeopleiswrittenbySeanCoveywiththehelpfromhisfather.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。
根据WhoMovedMyCheese?
forTeensWhoMovedMyCheese?
hasbeenalifechangingbookformanyadults.Theteenversionwillsurelycreatepositivechangeintheirlivesaswell.可知,WhoMovedMyCheese?
对成年人和青少年都有同样的吸引力。
故选C。
B
“Beafraid.Beveryafraid,”saysacharacterinTheFly,ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenormousinsect.Itcapturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches,Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However,ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor,notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears,scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring,droning,honeybees,butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”,wroteE.O.Wilson,arespectableentomologist,“theworldwouldregenerate…Ifinsectsweretovanish,theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”
Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.Theimmediatereactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce,throughpollination(授粉),andarefoodforotheranimals,soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.
Butasecondlookleadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic,thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfearsareunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency.
Moreover,wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapse—inEuropeandAmerica—agriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout,othersseemtobemovingintotheniches(生态位)theyhaveleft,keepingecosystemsgoing,althoughwithlessbiodiversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.
Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue,independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeciesmakeupanecosystem,themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould.
Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient(能复原的).Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.Giventhelackofdata,itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggeringone.
【语篇简析】这是一篇说明文。
短文说明了昆虫危机还没迫在眉睫,但是需要采取预防措施。
否则后果不堪设想。
58.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?
A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.
B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.
C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.
D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsect’sabilitytoregeneratethemselves.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。
由第二段“However,ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor,notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears,scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring,droning,honeybees,butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”,wroteE.O.Wilson,arespectableentomologist,“theworldwouldregenerate…Ifinsectsweretovanish,theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos”可知,然而,生态学家越来越多地把昆虫世界看作是应该警惕的东西,而不是可怕的东西。
在过去的两年里,大量的科学研究表明,数以万亿计的嗡嗡低语的蜜蜂、蝴蝶、石蛾、豆娘(一种蜻蜓)和甲虫正在消失。
如果所有的人类都消失了,”昆虫学家元老E·O·威尔逊(E.O.Wilson)写道,“世界还会再生……但如果昆虫消失了,环境就会陷入混乱”。
所以通过E·O·威尔逊所说的话可以判断出,第一段中带下划线的句子暗示出,生态学家担心一些昆虫的消失。
故B选项正确。
59.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepast2years?
A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects,westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic.
B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautionsrightaway.
C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk.
D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。
由第三段“Thatisbecausetheworstfearsareunproven。
Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知,这是因为最糟糕的恐惧还没有得到证实。
目前世界上大部分地区对野生昆虫的数量还没有研究。
所以由关键词“theworstfears,unproven,nostudies”进行反向推理,可以判断如果世界上大部分地区对野生昆虫的数量有研究的话,最糟糕的恐惧就会得到证实。
故我们能从过去两年的研究中得出结论:
生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。
故D选项正确。
60.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?
A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmothernature.
B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.
C.Todrawpeople’sattentiontothedecreasinginsects.
D.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。
通读全文可知,短文说明了昆虫危机还没迫在眉睫,但是需要预防措施。
昆虫是生态系统健康的指标。
他们的衰落是一个警告,提醒我们要注意这一点,否则一切都太晚了。
所以写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对正在减少的昆虫的注意。
故C选项正确。
C
TheadventofwarmweatherhereinMainecallsforaseasonalritualthat,forme,putsanendtowinter—fetchingthewoodenscreendoor.
NotethatIwrote“wooden”.Thealuminummodelsjustwon’tdoit—theyclosetooneatlyandkeeptheirperfectformfordecades.Inthe1960s,atimeofimperfection,therewasnoperfecthouse,noperfectcar,noperfectkidsorparents.Whyshouldascreendoorbeanexception?
Igrewupwithmysiblingsinaworking-classneighborhoodinNewJersey.Whenthewarmweatherarrived,mydadwouldpulloutthewoodenscreendoorandinstallitoverthebackdoor,whichcouldthenbeleftwideopen,admittingarefreshingbreeze(wehadnoairconditioning).
MyfatherwasaMr.Fix-it,sokeepingthescreendoorserviceablewasoneofhishobbies.Everyfewyearshegaveitafreshcoatofpaintandfixeditabit.Idistinctlyrememberhimputtingthelastscrewinthelasthinge(铰链),andswingingthedoorshutwitha“crack!
”
Agood,woodenscreendoor,unsightlyasitwas,hadaninvaluablefunctionintheageofthestay-at-homemom:
Italertedhertothecomingandgoingofthekids.Mysiblings,andmyfriendsraninandoutofthehouse,tearingthescreendooropenandlettingitslapshutbehindus.Ahundredtimesaday.Itwasallgood,andmymomnevercomplainedaboutthenoise,becausethatwasthepurposeofawoodenscreendoor—toslamshutandtherebyannouncethatherchildrenwerewithinearshot.
Severalyearsago,inafitofnostalgia(怀旧),Iwentshoppingforawoodenscreendoor.Iwasdisappointedinthechoicesavailable.Theylookedabittoosolid,toowellmade.ButIfoundoneonline,andwithinaweekitwasdeliveredtomydoorstep.
Thefirmhadsentmeonewiththewrongdimensions,soIaskedmycarpentertomakethenecessaryadjustments.Ozzieworkedawayatitforacoupleofhoursuntilhegotittositneatlyinitsframe.Igaveitatest:
Ipulleditopenandletgo.Itclosedinalazyfashion.“Notgood,”Ipronounced.“Pleaseremovetheautomaticdoorcloserandadjustthedoorsoitswingsshutwithagoodcrack.”
Ozziewentabouthisworkandashortwhilelaterthetaskwasdone.Thedoorwasuneveninitsframe,andthescreennolongerlayflat.ButwhenIpulledopenthedoorandreleasedit,thethingclappedshutlikearifleshot.“Whatdoyouthink?
”Iasked.“Itlookslikehell,”saidOzzie.“Butitsoundslikeheaven,”Isaid.AndI,beingtheownerofthedoor—andthememory—hadthefinalword.
【语篇简析】这是一篇记叙文。
作者很是怀念儿时夏天的木制纱门,所以为了找回那段回忆,特意定制了一扇能在关闭时发出啪的一声响的木制纱门,作者很喜欢这扇木制纱门,因为木制纱门对作者来说意味着夏天的记忆。
61.Whatparticularfunctiondidthewoodenscreendoorperforminthewriter’schildhood?
A.Itfunctionedasanairconditionerinsummer.
B.Ithelpedsha
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