extra.docx
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extra.docx
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extra
B.Intonation
1.Donotspeakwordbywordandconnectwordstoformsoundgroups
Bobisonthephone
2.Threewaystomakeaintonation:
a.getlouderorraisethevolume
b.stretchthewordoutorlengthentheword
c.changepitch
3.Whentodopitchchange?
a.newinformation,stressthenouns
Dogseatbones
Mikelikebikes
Elsawantsabook
Adamplayspool
Jerrymakesmusic
b.oldinformation(pronouns),stresstheverb
Dogseatbones—Theyeatthem
BobseesBetty---Heseesher
BettyknowsBob—Sheknowshim
Jansellssomeapples—Shesellssome
Thegirlshaveachoice—Theyhaveone
4.Fourmainreasonsforintonation
a.newinformation
Itsoundslikerain
b.opinion
Itsoundslikerain,butIdon’tthinkitis
c.contrast
Helikesrain,buthehatessnow
d.can’t
Itcan’trainwhentherearenoclouds
Ps:
contractions(shouldn’t,wouldn’t)andnegatives(no,not,never)areimportantwordssincetheytotallynegatethemeaningofasentence,buttheyarenotusuallystressed.Can’tistheexception.
Seehowthemeaningchanges,whiletheactualwordsstaythesame
Ididn’tsayhestolethemoney.Someelsedidit.
Ididn’tsayhestolethemoney.That’snottrueatall.
Ididn’tsayhestolethemoney.Ionlysuggestedthepossibility.
Ididn’tsayhestolethemoney.Ithinksomeelsetookit.
Ididn’tsayhestolethemoney.Maybehejustborrowedit.
Ididn’tsayhestolethemoney,butrathersomeothermoney.
Readthefollowingwithclearintonationwheremarked.
Hello,mynameis__________________.I'mtakingAmericanAccentTraining.There'salottolearn,butIhopetomakeitasenjoyableaspossible.IshouldpickupontheAmericanintonationpatternprettyeasily,althoughtheonlywaytogetitistopracticeallofthetime.Iusetheupanddown,orpeaksandvalleys,intonationmorethanIusedto.I'vebeenpayingattentiontopitch,too.It’slikewalkingdownastaircase.I'vebeentalkingtoalotofAmericanslately,andtheytellmethatI'measiertounderstand.Anyway,Icouldgoonandon,buttheimportantthingistolistenwellandsoundgood.Well,whatdoyouthink?
DoI?
5.Spellingandnumbers
IBM
MIT
Ph.D
MBA
LA
IQ
TV
USA
ASAP
CIA
FBI
USMC
COD
SOS
XYZ
BOX—B,O,X
areacode—213
zipcode---94708
date—19/9/62
phonenumber—555-9132
6.complexintonation
a.single-wordphrases
repeatthefollowingnounandadjectivesentences
NounAdjective
It’sanailIt’sshort
It’sacakeit’shot
It’sadoorIt’sintheback
It’sacardTherearefour
It’sabookIt’sgood
b.two-wordphrase
repeatthefollowingphrases
AdjectiveNounandadjective
It’sshortIt’sashortnail
It’sgoodIt’sagoodplan
It’sguardedIt’saguardedgate
There’refourThere’refourcards
It’sthebestIt’sthebestbook
c.twotypesofdescriptivephrases
AdjectiveNounAdverbAdjective
It’sashortnailIt’sreallyshort
It’sachocolatecakeIt’sdarkchocolate
It’sthebackdoorIt’sfarback
It’sagoodbookIt’samazinglygood
It’sasmallspotIt’slaughablysmall
practice
Thereisamotherduck.Shelaysthreeeggs.Soon,therearethreebabybirds.Twoofthebirdsare
verybeautiful.Oneofthemisquiteugly.Thebeautifulducklingsmakefunoftheiruglybrother.
Thepoorthingisveryunhappy.Asthethreebirdsgrowolder,theuglyducklingbeginstochange.
Hisgrayfeathersturnsnowywhite.Hisganglyneckbecomesbeautifullysmooth.
Inearlyspring,theuglyducklingisswimminginasmallpondinthebackyardoftheoldfarm.He
seeshisshimmeringreflectionintheclearwater.Whatagreatsurprise.Heisnolongeranugly
duckling.Hehasgrownintoalovelyswan.
d.contrastingdescriptiveandsetphrases
DescriptivePhrasesSetPhrases
It’sashortnailIt’safingernail
It’sachocolatecakeIt’sapancake
It’sahotbathIt’sahottub
It’salongdriveIt’saharddrive
It’sthebackdoorIt’sthebackbone
DescriptionandSetPhraseTest
1.He'saniceguy.
2.He'sanAmericanguyfromSanFrancisco.
3.Thecheerleaderneedsarubberbandtoholdherponytail.
4.Theexecutiveassistantneedsapaperclipforthefinalreport.
5.ThelawstudenttookanEnglishtestinaforeigncountry.
6.ThepolicemansawaredcaronthefreewayinLosAngeles.
7.Myolddoghaslongearsandafleaproblem.
8.Thenewteacherbrokehiscoffeecuponthefirstday.
9.Hisbestfriendhasabrokencupinhisotheroffice.
10.Let'splayfootballontheweekendinNewYork.
11."JingleBells"isanicesong.
12.Wherearemynewshoes?
13.Wherearemytennisshoes?
14.IhaveaheadachefromtheheatwaveinSouthCarolina.
15.ThenewlywedstookalongwalkinLongBeach.
16.Thelittledogwassittingonthesidewalk.
17.Thefamousathletechangedclothesinthelockerroom.
18.Theartexhibitwasheldinanemptyroom.
19.Therewasaclassreunionatthehighschool.
20.Theheadlinesindicatedanewpolicy.
21.Wegotonlineandwenttoamericanaccentdotcom.
22.Thestockoptionswerelistedinthecompanydirectory.
23.Allthesecond-graderswereoutontheplayground.
7.summaryofstressinTwo-WordPhrases
a.stressthefirstword
Setphrases—lightbulb
Streets---Mainstreet
Co.orCorp.---XeroxCorporation
Nationalitiesoffood---Chinesefood
Nationalitiesofpeople---Frenchguy
b.stressthesecondword
descriptivesentences---newinformation
roaddesignations---fifthavenue
modifiedadjectives---reallybig
placenamesandparks---NewYork,Centralpark
Instructions,orInc.---OaklandMuseum,XeroxInc.
Personalnamesandtitles---BobSmith,AssistantManager
Articles---thebus,aweek,anhour
Initialsandacronyms---U.S.,IQ
Chemicalcompounds---carbondioxide
Colorsandnumbers---redorange,26
Mostcompoundverbs---goaway,sitdown,falloff
Percentanddollar---10percent,50dollars
Hyphenatednationalities---African-American
8.reducedsounds
Ps:
Articles(suchasthe,a)areusuallyveryreducedsounds.Beforeaconsonant,theandaarebothreduced.Beforeavowel,theturnsintoalong[e]soundplusaconnecting(y),whileabecomesan.
Consonantsvowels
Themanagirlthee(y)appleanorange
Thebestabananathee(y)egganopening
Thelastoneacomputerthee(y)airaninterview
To
Theprepositionto
usuallyreducesso
muchthatit'slike
LooksLike...
today
tonight
tomorrow
towork
SoundsLike...
[t'day]
[t'night]
[t'märou]
[t'wrk]
droppingthevowel.toschool
Useat'ortə
soundtoreplace
to.
Ifthatsameto
followsavowel
sound,itwill
becomed'ordə.
tothestore
Wehavetogonow.
Hewenttowork
Theyhopetofindit.
Ican'twaittofindout.
Wedon'tknowwhattodo.
Don'tjumptoconclusions.
Tobeornottobe...
Hedidn'tgettogo.
Hetoldmetohelp.
Shetoldyoutogetit.
Igotowork
ataquartertotwo
Theonlywaytogetitis...
You'vegottopaytogetit.
Weplantodoit.
Let'sgotolunch.
Thescorewas4~6
[t'school]
[t'th'store]
[wehæftəgonæo]
[hewentəwork]
[theyhouptəfinedit]
[äicæn(t)wai(t)təfinedæot]
[wedontknoww'(t)t'do]
[dontj'mt'c'ncloozh'nz]
[t'bee(y)rnätt'bee]
[hedinge(t)təgou]
[hetoldmeedəhelp]
[shetoljoodəgeddit]
[aigoudəwrk]
[ædəkworderdətwo]
[thee(y)onlywaydəgeddidiz]
[yoovgäddəpaydəgeddit]
[weplændədoit]
[letsgoudəlunch]
[th'scorew'zfordəsix]
To
LooksLike...
It'stheonlywaytodoit.
Sotospeak...
Idon'tknowhowtosayit.
Gotopage8.
Showmehowtogetit.
Youneedtoknowwhentodo
it.
Who'stoblame?
We'reathome.
I'llseeyouatlunch.
SoundsLike...
[itsthee(y)ounlyweidədo
(w)'t]
[sodaspeak]
[äidon(t)knowhæwdəsay(y)
it]
[goudəpayjate]
[showmehæodəgeddit]
[younee(d)dənouwendədo
(w)it]
[hoozdəblame]
At
Atisjustthe
oppositeofto.It'sa
[wirəthome]
[äiyəlseeyou(w)
lunch]
ət
smallgruntfollowedDinner'satfive.
byareduced[t].
Leavethematthedoor.
Themeeting'satone.
He'satthepostoffice.
They'reatthebank.
I'matschool.
[d'nnerzə(t)
[leevm
five]
əə(t)ə
[th'meedingz'tw'n]
[heezə(t)thepoussdäffəs]
[thrə(t)th'bænk]
[äimə(t)school]
thdoor]
[äiyəlseeyou(w)
lv'n]
ədə
IfatisfollowedbyaI'llseeyouateleven.
vowelsound,itwill
become'dorəd.
It
Itandatsoundthe
sameincontext—
['t]
He'satameeting.
Shelaughedathisidea.
Oneatatime
Wegotitatanauction.
Theshowstartedateight.
Thedogjumpedoutatus.
Iwasatafriend'shouse.
Canyoudoit?
Giveittome.
Buyittomorrow.
Itcanwait.
Readittwice.
Forgetaboutit!
[heez'dəmeeding]
[shelæfdədizydeeyə]
[wənədətime]
[wegädidədənäksh'n]
[th'showstardədədate]
[th'dägjumpdæodədəs]
[äiw'z'd'frenzhæos]
[k'niudo(w)'t]
[g'v'(t)t'me]
[bäi(y)ə(t)t'märrow]
['tc'nwait]
[reed'(t)twice]
[frgedd'bæodit]
[gividætry]
[ledidəlone]
[taykidaway]
[äigädidinl'nd'n]
[w'd'z'd'bæot]
[letstry'd'gen]
[lükthere'd'z]
SoundsLike...
[th's'zfryou]
[tsfrmyfriend]
[ətablefrfour,pleeze]
[weplanditfrlayd'r]
[freggzæmple][frinst'nss]
[w'd'zthisfor](forisnotreducedat
[w'j'do(w)itfor]theendofasentence)
[hoojyagedditfor]
[tsfrmtheeäiäress]
(y)(y)
[äimfr'märk'nsä]
[therzəcällfr'mBäb]
[thisledderzfrəməlæskə]
[hoozitfrəm]
[wher'ryoufrəm]
[tsinthəbæg]
...andtheybothturnGiveitatry.
to'dorədbetween
vowelsorvoiced
consonants.
Letitalone.
Takeitaway.
Igotiti
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